by Alan Palmer
Hobhouse, John Cam, on A, 1, 2
Hohenlinden, battle of (1800), 1
Holy Alliance, Treaty of (1815), 1, 2n;
read in Russian churches, 1;
A’s intentions in, 1, 2;
conspiracies against doctrines of, 1
Hungary, visit of Allied sovereigns to (1814), 1, 2
Ibrahim Pasha, commands army against Greeks (1825), 1
India, Franco-Russian invasion of: preliminaries for, ordered by Tsar Paul (1801), 1;
proposed by Napoleon (1808), 1
Ionian Islands: Russia claims protectorate over, 1;
ceded to France (1807), 1;
become British protectorate, 1
Italy: Russian victories over France in (1799), 1;
Napoleon conquers northern, 1,
and crowns himself King of (1805), 1;
plans for future of (at Chaumont), 1, (at Vienna) 2;
unrest in (1820–1), 1, 2;
A offers troops to suppress unrest, 1, 2;
Austrian army to be sent to Naples, 1, 2
Jefferson, President, on A, 1
Jena, battle of (1806), 1;
Napoleon and A visit field of, 1
Jerome Bonaparte, as King of Westphalia, 1, 2
Jersey, Countess of, partners A at balls, 1, 2
Jesuits, establish school in St Petersburg, 1
Jewish communities in Germany, civil rights of, 1, 2n
Joseph, Archduke, Palatine of Hungary, 1;
death of wife of (A’s sister Alexandra), 1
Josephine, wife of Napoleon: Napoleon’s letters to, 1, 2, 3;
divorce of, 1; 2;
A’s friendship with, 1, 2;
death of, 1
Jung-Stilling, J. H., A meets, 1
Kalisch Treaty, between Prussia and Russia (1812), 1, 2
Kamensky, Marshal: nominal commander-in-in-chief (1806), 1, 2
Kamensky, P. General: takes Silistria (1810), 1
Kammionyi Island, St Petersburg: A’s villa on, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;
Maria Naryshkin’s villa on, 1;
Caulaincourt’s villa on, 1, 2
Karaite Jewish community, near Sebastopol: A visits, 1
Karamzin, Nikolai: rebuked for translating Cicero, 1;
and educational reform, 1;
pleads for strong autocratic government, 1
Karazin, Vassili, and A’s accession, 1
Kazan, university of, 1
Kazan Cathedral, St Petersburg, 1, 2;
silence of crowd at (Sept. 1812), 1;
rejoicing of crowd at (Oct. 1812), 1
Kharkov, university of, 1n, 2
Knights of St John, Malta: Tsar Paul as champion of, against French, 1, 2n, 3
Kochubey, Count Victor, diplomat: and A, 1, 2;
member of Secret Committee, 1, 2, 3;
in charge of foreign affairs, 1, 2;
with A at Memel, 1, 2, 3;
Minister of the Interior, 1, 2, 3, 4;
Speransky as deputy for, 1;
on educational reform, 1;
consulted on Council of State, 1;
complains of Ministry of Police, 1
Königsberg: A meets Frederick William at (1808), 1;
French evacuate (1812), 1
Kosciuszko, Tadeusz, Polish leader, 1, 2;
A meets, 1
Koshelev, Rodion, Grand Master of Court, 1, 2, 3
Kotzebue, August, German dramatist, assassinated (1819), 1
Krasnoe Selo, Empress Elizabeth on domination of army at, 1
Kremlin, Moscow: Empress Catherine in residence at, 1;
A at, 1, 2;
Napoleon rides into (1812), 1;
A’s body at (1825), 1
Kronstadt dockyard, 1
Krüdener, Baroness Julie von, evangelical prophetess, 1;
A hears of, 1, 2, 3, 4;
A meets (1815), 1, 2;
and Holy Alliance, 1;
A loses faith in, 1, 2;
A meets again (1819), 1, 2, 3,
and sends messages to, 1;
asks in vain for interview with A (1824), 1;
retires to Crimea, 1;
death of, 1;
daughter and son-in-law of, in Crimea, 1
Kurakin, Prince: at Tilsit, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
Ambassador in Vienna, 1;
Speransky as secretary to, 1;
Ambassador in Paris, 1, 2, 3;
transmits to Napoleon A’s proposals for a settlement (1812), 1, 2
Kusmich, Fyodor, Siberian starets (holy man), 1
Kutuzov, Mikhail, Prince and Marshal: in Paul’s reign, 1;
commands Russian advance-guard (1805), 1, 2;
character and earlier career, 1, 2, 3;
with A at Olmütz, 1;
at Austerlitz, 1;
recuperating in Kiev, 1;
on Turkish Front (1811–12), 1, 2, 3;
appointed commander against Napoleon (1812), 1, 2;
at Borodino, 1;
abandons Moscow, 1, 2;
hostility of A towards, 1, 2, 3, 4;
counter-offensive in 1812, 1;
reluctant to advance into Germany, 1, 2;
receives A at Vilna (Dec., 1812), 1;
and 1813 Campaign, 1, 2, 3;
death, 1.
La Harpe, Frederick Caesar: tutor to A, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7;
A’s letters to, 1, 2, 3;
A invites to Russia, 1, 2;
in Vienna, 1
Lafayette, Marquis de, A meets, 1
Laibach, meeting of sovereigns at (1821), 1, 2
Lamb, Lady Caroline: in Paris, 1;
Glenarvon by, 1
Land Cadet Corps College, 1
landowning nobility: and Czartoryski, 1, 2;
and Speransky’s reforms, 1, 2, 3;
and A’s peace policies, 1
Langeron, Comte de, Russian commander, 1;
at battle of Austerlitz, 1, 2
Lannes, Marshal, French commander, 1, 2
Lanskoy, Count Vassili, Russian Senator: made chairman of provisional Supreme Council for Poland, 1;
objects to Poles having army, 1
Lauriston, Marquis de: French Ambassador in St Petersburg, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;
sent to A to ask for peace (1812), 1
laws of Russia, codification of, 1, 2, 3, 4
League of Armed Neutrality (1801), 1
Lebzeltern, Ludwig von: Austrian envoy to St Petersburg, 1;
in Vilna, 1;
in Kalisch, 1;
Ambassador in St Petersburg, 1, 2
Lee, Dr Robert, physician to Vorontsov, 1, 2, 3
Leipzig, battle of (1813), 1, 2
Liechtenstein, Prince Johann von: at Olmütz (1805), 1;
Austrian commander at Austerlitz, 1, 2;
sent to Napoleon to seek peace, 1
Lieven, Dorothea: on death of Tsar Paul, 1;
on Grand Duchess Catherine, 1;
on A in London, 1;
in Russia (1825), 1
Lieven, Paul, aide-de-camp to A at Tilsit, 1;
ambassador in London, 1, 2
Lithuania, A considers proclaiming Grand Duchy of, 1
Liverpool, Lord: British Foreign Secretary (as Lord Hawkesbury), 1, 2;
Prime Minister (1812–27), 1
Lobanov-Rotovsky, Prince Dmitri: as peace emissary to Napoleon (1807), 1, 2;
at Tilsit, 1
Loewenstern, General, Prussian in Russian army, 1
London, banquet to Allied sovereigns given by City of, 1
Londonderry, Lady, at Verona, 1, 2
Lopukhin, Prince, consulted on Council of State, 1
Louis XVIII of France: called to throne (1814), 1;
A and (1814), 1, 2;
reaches Paris ahead of A (1815), 1;
calls on A, 1;
and Congress of Aix, 1, 2
Louise, Princess of Baden, 1, 2;
takes name Elizabeth on marriage to A, 1;
see further under Elizabeth Alexievna
Lo
uise, Queen, wife of Frederick William III of Prussia, 1, 2, 3;
A and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
Napoleon and private correspondence of, 1;
summoned to Tilsit, 1, 2, 3;
in St Petersburg, 1, 2;
meets Julie von Krüdener, 1;
death of, 1
Lübeck, reconstituted as Free City, 1
Lützen, battle of (1813), 1
Macdonald, Marshal, and Napoleon’s abdication, 1, 2
Maevsky, General, assistant to Arakcheev, 1
Magnitsky, M. L., publicist, involved in ousting of Golitsyn, 1, 2
Mahmud II, Sultan of Turkey, 1
Maistre, Joseph de, Sardinian Minister in St Petersburg, 1, 2, 3;
on Speransky, 1;
on A’s return to St Petersburg, 1
Mallia, Joseph, agent of Speransky in Vienna, 1n
Maloyaroslavets, battle of (1812), 1
Malta: Tsar Paul and Knights of, 1, 2n, 3;
A and British occupation of, 1, 2, 3
Marat (brother of Jean Paul Marat), tutor in Saltykov family, 1
Marengo, battle of (1800), 1
Maret, H. B., French Foreign Minister, 1
Marie Feodorovna of Württemberg, Grand Duchess and then Empress (wife of Paul, mother of A), 1, 2, 3;
and A’s marriage, 1, 2;
birth of children to, 1, 2;
as Empress, 1, 2;
fears mutiny of Guards, 1;
distrusts Poles, 1, 2;
at death of Tsar Paul, 1;
her circle at Court, 1;
her influence on A, 1;
approves A’s friendship with Frederick William, 1;
takes precedence of Empress Elizabeth, 1, 2, 3;
after Austerlitz, 1, 2;
in internal affairs, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;
and foreign affairs, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;
Empress Elizabeth on, 1, 2, 3;
and Grand Duchess Catherine, 1, 2;
and proposed marriage of Grand Duchess Anna to Napoleon, 1, 2;
at church ceremonies, 1, 2;
gives banquet on A’s return (1814), 1;
and marriages of her daughters, 1, 2;
visits her daughters, 1,
and death of Grand Duchess Catherine, 1, 2;
and state ceremonies in absence of A, 1;
and Grand Duke Michael’s wife, 1;
informed of A’s illness, 1;
sees A’s body, 1
Marie Pavlovna, Grand Duchess (sister of A), 1;
married to Crown Prince of Saxe-Weimar, 1, 2;
at Opotschna, 1;
at Vienna, 1;
A visits at Weimar, 1
Marie Louise, Archduchess of Austria: married to Napoleon, 1, 2;
Metternich’s part in marriage of, 1;
future of (1814), 1;
in Vienna, 1
maritime law, proposal for revised code of, 1
Marlborough, Duke of, entertains A at Blenheim, 1
Marmont, Marshal, French commander: corps of, goes over to Allies, 1;
as envoy with Napoleon’s offer to abdicate, 1, 2, 3
Masson, Frederic, tutor to A, 1, 2, 3;
on Tsar Paul, 1
Mediterranean: French recognize Russian interest in, 1;
A and French in, 1, 2;
Russia in, 1, 2
Memel, A meets Frederick William at (1802), 1,
(1807), 1
merchants: effects of Continental System on, 1, 2, 3;
contributions to war expenses from (1812), 1
Metternich, Prince Clement von: on A, 1;
as Austrian Ambassador in Berlin, 1;
and Franco-Russian alliance, 1;
as Ambassador in Paris, 1, 2;
as Austrian Foreign Minister, 1n, 2;
private plan of A and, to limit Russo-Austrian hostilities, 1;
tries to mediate (1813), 1, 2;
perplexed by A’s evasiveness, 1;
meets A, 1,
and Napoleon, 1;
at Prague Conference, 1;
threatens withdrawal of Austria from Allies if A commands, 1;
proposes offering generous terms to Napoleon, 1;
has interview with A on Poland, 1;
reports escape of Napoleon to A, 1;
on Paris society (1815), 1;
and Holy Alliance, 1, 2n;
distrusts Capodistrias, 1;
alarmed by A’s Polish policy, 1;
and Congress of Aix, 1, 2, 3;
entertains A in Vienna, 1;
his fear of Jacobin contagion, 1, 2;
and Troppau Congress, 1, 2, 3, 4;
profession of political faith by, 1;
and Laibach Conference, 1;
and Balkans, 1, 2, 3;
at Verona Conference, 1, 2, 3;
eager to avoid action in foreign affairs, 1
Meuse, free navigation on, 1
Michael, Grand Duke (brother of A): in Paris, 1;
married to Elena of Württemberg, 1, 2;
A dines with, 1;
at A’s death, 1
Michaud, General, aide-de-camp to Kutuzov, 1
Mikhailovsky Palace, St Petersburg, 1;
built by Tsar Paul, 1;
Paul murdered in, 1;
Paul lies in state in, 1;
“grace and favour” apartments in, 1
military colonies: first (1810), 1;
large-scale (1816 onwards), 1, 2, 3;
rising of soldiers and peasants of (Chuguev), 1
Miloradovich, General Mikhail, Russian commander, 1;
at Austerlitz, 1, 2, 3;
in 1812 campaign, 1;
and Decembrist insurgents, 1
Ministers, Committee of, 1, 2;
administration by, during A’s absence, 1
Minsk, falls to Davout (1812), 1, 2
Mitford, Mary Russell, on A, 1
Moira, Lord and Novosiltsov, 1
Monferrand, R. de, designer of column in memory of A, 1
Morkov, Count Arkady, Russian Ambassador in Paris, 1
Moscow: coronations at Uspensky Cathedral in, 1, 2, 3;
A’s visits to, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
French enter (1812), 1;
burning of, 1;
Russians retake, 1, 2;
A and Elizabeth in residence at (winter 1817), 1;
see also Kremlin
Mulgrave, Lord, British Foreign Secretary, 1, 2, 3
Murat, Marshal, French commander, 1;
at Moscow, 1, 2
Muraviev, M. N., tutor to A, 1
Muraviev-Apostol, Catherine, maid-of-honour to Grand Duchess Catherine, 1
Naples: proposal for invasion of, 1;
unrest in, 1, 2
Napoleon I: on A, 1;
Tsar Paul and, 1;
political methods of, appeal to A, 1, 2;
and German princes, 1, 2;
suggests mediation by A, but rejects his proposals (1803), 1;
insults Russian Ambassador (Morkov), 1;
A is enraged by his execution of the Duc d’Enghien, and refuses to acknowledge him as Emperor, 1, 2;
in abortive peace parleys (1805), 1;
at battle of Austerlitz, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
aims at alliance against Russia (1806), 1;
creates Confederation of the Rhine, 1;
defeats Prussia (1806), 1;
condemned by Orthodox Church, 1, 2;
on Eylau battlefield, 1;
holds peace talks with A at Tilsit (1807). 1, 2,
and makes settlement and alliance, 1;
Empress Elizabeth on, 1, 2;
proposes Russo-French advance into Asia (1808), 1;
his proposal to meet A, 1,
is postponed, 1,
and takes place at Erfurt, 1, 2;
Grand Duchess Catherine suggested as bride for, 1;
sends Caulaincourt as Ambassador to St Petersburg, 1;
offers marriage to Grand Duchess Anna, 1;
marries Marie Louise of
Austria, 1, 2;
troubled by effects of Continental System, 1, 2;
writes to A in pained surprise at war preparations (1811), 1;
recalls Caulaincourt, 1;
A on, 1;
rebukes Russian Ambassador (Kurakin), 1;
prepares for war on Russia, 1;
will fight “in chivalrous spirit”, 1;
in 1812 campaign, exchanges letters with A, 1, 2, 3;
crosses Niemen, 1;
enters Vilna, 1;
on Borodino, 1;
in Moscow, 1;
disclaims responsibility for burning Moscow, 1;
plans to use Grand Duchess Catherine against A, 1;
seeks peace, 1, 2;
nearly captured, 1;
leaves front for Paris: calls up new troops, 1;
takes initiative again, 1;
sends to A to arrange armistice, 1;
has interview with Metterternich, 1;
at battle of Leipzig, 1;
victories of, in campaign in France, 1;
draws invaders away from Paris, 1;
deposed by Senate, 1;
question of Regency for son of, 1;
A wishes to be generous to, 1;
offers to abdicate in favour of Regency for his son, 1;
abdicates, 1;
social effects of reforms of, in occupied countries, 1;
escapes from Elba, 1;
reveals secret alliance against Prussia and Russia to A, 1;
restoration of art treasures filched by, 1, 2n
Napoleon III: as a child meets A, 1
Narbonne, Count Louis de: envoy from Napoleon to A (1812), 1;
and Mme de Staël, 1n
Naryshkin, Prince Alexander, in suite of Empress Elizabeth, 1n
Naryshkin, Maria, mistress of A, 1, 2, 3, 4;
birth and death of daughter of, 1;
renewed connection of A with (1806), 1, 2, (1808), 3;
death of second daughter of (Zinaida), 1;
in Vienna, 1;
surviving daughter of (Sophia), 1,
dies (1824), 1;
A breaks with, 1
Naryshkin family, Empress Elizabeth on, 1
navy, Russian: in Adriatic (1806), 1, 2, 3;
Sultan refuses passage of Straits to, 1
Nelidova, Catherine, mistress of Tsar Paul, 1, 2
Nesselrode, Karl von, 1;
commercial envoy to Paris, as agent of Speransky, 1, 2;
warnings about war perparations from, 1;
returns to St Petersburg, 1;
as secretary to A at Vilna, 1,
and Äbo, 1;
in negotiations with Napoleon, 1, 2, 3;
and Teplitz Treaties, 1;
and terms for Napoleon, 1, 2;
receives messages from Talleyrand, 1, 2;
in Paris (1814), 1;
in London, 1;
State Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 1, 2, 3, 4;
at Vienna Congress, 1, 2;
out of sympathy with A on Polish question, 1, 2;
