by Alan Palmer
in Paris (1815), 1, 2, 3;
at Troppau Congress, 1, 2;
A ceases to rely on, 1;
favours passive policy in Balkans, 1
Netherlands, plans for future of, (at Chaumont) 1, (at Vienna) 2, 3
Neuchâtel, proposed cession to France of, 1
Neva river: Epiphany blessing of waters of, 1, 2;
flooding by, 1
Nevsky Monastery: Tsar Peter III first buried at, 1, 2;
Suvorov buried at, 1;
A’s baby daughters buried at, 1;
theological seminary at, 1;
A visits (1825), 1;
A perhaps buried at, 1
Ney, Marshal, French commander, 1, 2, 3;
as envoy with Napoleon’s offer to abdicate, 1, 2, 3;
A waltzes with wife of, 1
Nicholas, Grand Duke (brother of A, later Tsar Nicholas I): birth of, 1;
in Paris, 1;
and military colonies, 1n;
marries Charlotte of Prussia (Alexandra Feodorovna), 1, 2;
indicated by A as his successor, 1, 2;
at Troppau Congress, 1;
head of Council of Regency during A’s absence at Taganrog, 1;
on A’s death, renounces succession, 1;
reconciled to accession by fear of army revolt, 1;
order firing on insurgents, 1;
repressive policies of, 1
Norway: cession of, to Sweden, as compensation for loss of Finland, 1, 2
Novosiltsov, Nikolai, friend of A, 1, 2;
visits Britain, (1797) 1, (1804), 2, 3;
member of Secret Committee, 1;
with A at Memel, 1;
in Berlin, 1;
with A at Olmütz, 1;
resigns from administration, 1;
and educational reform, 1;
deputy chairman of provisional Supreme Council for Poland (1814), 1;
Imperial Commissioner in Warsaw, 1;
works on draft constitution for Russia, 1, 2
Odessa: 1, 2, 3, 4;
A reluctant for Empress to visit, 1.
Oginski, Count, Polish nobleman, 1, 2
Oldenburg: Napoleon annexes, 1, 2, 3;
question of compensation for, 1, 2, 3
Olmütz, A at (1805), 1, 2, 3
Opotschna, meeting of A and Metternich at (1813), 1
Orlov, Count Alexei, and Peter III, 1
Orlova-Chemenskaya, Countess Anna, patroness of Photius, 1, 2
Orthodox Church: at Moscow, 1;
Holy Synod of, condemns Napoleon, 1, 2;
schools of, 1;
calendar used by, 1;
bond between State and, 1;
A and ceremonial of, 1
Oterbeck, Six d’, Dutch Minister in St Petersburg, 1
Oubril, P. de, Russian emissary to Paris (1806), 1, 2
Oudinot, General, French commander, 1
Oxford, A given honorary degree at, 1
Pahlen, Count Peter von, military commandant of St Petersburg, 1;
involved in murder of Tsar Paul, 1;
resignation of, 1
Panin, Count Nikita, adviser on foreign affairs, 1, 2;
and murder of Tsar Paul, 1, 2;
granted leave of absence, 1, 2
Paris: A’s vision of entering, 1;
A presses for advance on (1814), 1;
surrender of, 1;
A enters, 1;
A’s ascendancy in, 1;
peacemaking in 1;
A at Elysée Palace in (1815), 1;
A visits (1818), 1
Paris: First Peace of (1814), 1;
Second Peace of (1815), 1
partisans (1812): raid French lines of communication, 1;
harass retreating French, 1
Paul, Grand Duke and later Tsar (father of A), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
tours Europe, 1;
military interests of, 1, 2, 3;
and succession to throne, 1, 2;
and La Harpe, 1;
at death of Catherine II, 1;
succeeds as Tsar 1;
his coronation, 1;
makes tour of inspection, 1;
mental vagaries of, 1, 2;
and 2nd Coalition, 1;
writes to Napoleon, 1;
moves into Mikhailovsky Palace, 1;
murder of, 1, 2;
his body lies in state, 1;
Talleyrand accuses Britain of complicity in murder of, 1
Paul, Prince of Württemberg, 1
peasant revolt (1773–4), 1, 2
Périgord, Countess Dorothea de, official hostess at Vienna, 1
Peter, Duke of Oldenburg, 1n, 2
Peter, Tsar of Russia (the Great), equestrian statue of, 1, 2
Peter III, Tsar of Russia, 1;
reburial of, 1, 2;
murder of, recalled by Tsar Paul, 1
Petrovsky Palace, Moscow, A at, 1
Pfuehl, General von, former chief-of-staff of Prussian army: in St Petersburg, 1, 2, 3
Photius, visionary monk: A interviews, 1, 2;
hostile to Golitsyn, 1
Piedmont, unrest in (1821), 1
Pitt, William, British statesman: Simon Vorontsov a confidant of, 1;
as Prime Minister, 1, 2;
and Novosiltsov’s mission, 1;
death of, 1
Plaeswitz, armistice of (1813), 1, 2
Platon, Metropolitan of Moscow, at A’s coronation, 1, 2
Poland; partitions of (1772, 1795), 1, 2, 3;
interest of A in, 1, 2;
Czartoryski’s scheme for restoration of, 1, 2, 3, 4;
Napoleon and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8;
Russia awarded territory in (1807), 1, 2,
(1809) 1;
A offers to proclaim Kingdom of, with liberal constitution (1811), 1, 2;
future of, not settled by Teplitz Treaties, 1;
Britain and, 1, 2, 3;
expatriates from, in Paris, 1, 2;
A’s provisional administration for (1814), 1;
discussions on, at Vienna, 1; 2, 3;
central part of, becomes Kingdom under Russia (Congress Poland); remainder goes to Austria and Prussia, 1, 2;
Constitutional Charter for, 1;
A uses as field for constitutional experiments, 1, 2, 3;
see also Warsaw
Police, Ministry of, 1;
abolished (1819);
functions pass to Ministry of Interior, 1
Polotsk, Russian victory at (1812), 1
Pomerania, Swedish: Davout ordered to occupy (1812), 1n;
A insists on French leaving, 1;
Congress of Vienna and, 1
Poniatowski, Prince, 1;
enters French service, 1;
Polish brigades of, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
killed at battle of Leipzig, 1
populations, of St Petersburg, Moscow, Vilna, London, Paris, 1n
Portugal, 1;
risings against Napoleon in, 1
Potemkin, Prince Gregory, 1, 2;
death of, 1
Potsdam Oath, between A and Frederick William (1805), 1, 2, 3, 4
Pozzo di Borgo, General: of Russian delegation at Vienna, 1;
and Polish question, 1, 2;
favours Franco-Russian accord, 1;
Ambassador in Paris, 1, 2, 3;
and 2nd Treaty of Paris, 1;
at Aix Congress, 1;
anti-liberal warnings from, 1;
at Troppau Congress, 1
Prague Conference (1813), 1
primogeniture in inheritance of throne: abolished by Peter the Great (1722), 1;
restored by Paul (1797), 1
Protassov, General, tutor to A, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Prozorovsky, Marshal, 1
Prussia: in League of Armed Neutrality (1801), 1;
army of, 1;
and 3rd Coalition, 1, 2
passim; secret treaty between Russia and (1805) 1, 2;
and Peace of Schönbrunn, 1;
&nbs
p; agreement between Russia and (1806), 1;
defeated by French (1806), 1;
Bartenstein Convention between Russia and (1807), 1, 2, 3;
in Tilsit settlement, 1;
French troops in, 1, 2;
troops to be withdrawn under Erfurt agreement, 1;
forced into alliance with France (1811), 1;
French insist on retaining troops in, 1;
A demands removal of troops, 1;
Tauroggen military convention between Russia and, pledges neutrality of (1812), 1;
liberated; enters war against France (1813), 1;
Russian military alliance with (Kalisch Treaty), 1;
in 4th Coalition, 1;
in Teplitz Treaties with Austria and Russia, 1;
in Quadruple Alliance, 1, 2;
question of Saxony for, at Congress of Vienna, 1, 2, 3;
obtains part of Saxony, 1;
improved position of, after Waterloo, 1;
greed of, 1, 2;
troops of, in Paris, 1;
links between Russia and strengthened by marriage of Grand Duke Nicholas, 1;
last vestiges of liberalism abandoned in, 1;
at Troppau Congress 1;
see also Frederick William III
Publiciste, Le, on A’s private life, 1
Pugachev, Emelian, leader of peasant revolt, 1, 2
Pulawy, Czartoryski estate: A at, 1, 2
Pultusk, battle of (1806), 1
Pushkin, Alexander: on A, 1;
at Tsarskoe Selo school, 1;
writes verse epistle to A, 1;
banished to country, 1;
on floods at St Petersburg, 1;
welcomes accession of Constantine, 1n
Quadruple Alliance of Austria, Britain, Prussia, and Russia (Chaumont, 1814), 1;
renewed (1815), with provision for occasional meetings, 1, 2;
validity of, re-affirmed at Congress of Aix, 1n
Quakers, see Friends, Society of
Radischev, Alexander, sent to Siberia for indictment of serfdom, 1
Radziwill, Princess, on A in Poland, 1
Radziwill family, 1
Razumovsky, Count Andrei: Russian delegate to Chatillon Conference, 1;
Ambassador in Vienna, 1
Récamier, Mme, 1
Reichenbach Convention, between Austria, Prussia, and Russia (1813), 1, 2
Rhine: Confederation of the, 1, 2, 3, 4;
as “natural frontier” of France, 1;
Allies cross (1814), 1;
free navigation on, 1
Ribas, Admiral, and murder of Tsar Paul, 1, 2
Richelieu, Duke of: returns from Russian service to become French Prime Minister, 1, 2
Rickman, Nathaniel and Mary, of Society of Friends, 1, 2
Rossi, Carlo, architect, 1
Rossini, G.; operas by, performed at Verona, 1
Rostopchin, Theodore: attached to Court of Grand Duke Paul, 1, 2;
dismissed, 1, 2;
Paul tries to recall, 1;
on Budberg, 1;
against Speransky, 1;
made Governor-General of Moscow, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7;
supports appointment of Kutuzov, 1;
antipathy of A and Grand Duchess Catherine towards, 1
Rousseau, J. J., Empress Catherine and, 1, 2
Rumiantsev, Count Nikolai: Minister of Commerce (1802), 1,
and Foreign Minister (1807), 1, 2, 3, 4;
pro-French attitude of, 1, 2, 3;
signs Erfurt Treaty, 1;
Chancellor (1809), 1, 2, 3, 4;
and Poland, 1, 2;
and Continental System of Napoleon, 1, 2;
suffers stroke and partial paralysis (1812), 1;
wants last gesture of appeasement towards Napoleon, 1;
with A at Äbo, 1;
on A’s mission to save Europe, 1;
retires (1814), 1
Rumiantsev, General P. A., 1
Rumiantsev, Count S. P., 1
Russian Bible Society, 1
Sagan, Wilhelmine, Duchess of: and A in Vienna, 1, 2, 3;
in Paris, 1
St Aignan, Baron de; Allied emissory (1813), 1
St Helens, Lord, British Ambassador in St Petersburg, 1, 2
St Peter and St Paul fortress church, St Petersburg, 1;
A buried at, 1
Saltykov, General Nicholas: Governor to A, 1, 2;
consulted on Council of State, 1;
responsible for administration in St Petersburg (1812), 1, 2;
and appointment of commander-in-chief, 1;
Chairman of Committee of Ministers, 1, 2
Saltykov, Prince Serge, father of Tsar Paul?, 1
Samborsky, Andrei: tutor to A, 1, 2;
Court chaplain, 1
Sardinia, A’s instructions to envoy to (1811), 1
Savary, General: envoy from Napoleon to A (1805), 1, 2;
envoy to St Petersburg (1807), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Saxony: allied with Napoleon, 1, 2;
Russians and Prussians in (1813), 1, 2;
deserts Napoleon, 1;
A plans to compensate Prussia for losses in Poland by territory of, 1;
objections to A’s plan for 1, 2;
administration of, transferred by A from Russian to Prussian army, 1;
part of, passes to Prussia (1815), 1
Scharnhorst, General, Prussian commander, 1
Schönbrunn, Peace of (1805), 1
Schools: Directorate of, 1n, 2;
Speransky as administrator of, 1
Schwarz, Col., of Semeonovsky Regiment, 1, 2
Schwarz, Mme, reputed mistress of A, 1
Schwarzenberg, Prince: at Olmütz (1805), 1;
commander of Allied forces (1813), 1, 2, 3, 4;
in campaign in France, 1, 2, 3, 4;
in Paris, 1, 2;
to concentrate army on right bank of Rhine (1815), 1, 2;
at Russian review, 1
Scott, Walter, in Paris (1815), 1
Sebastopol, A in (1825), 1
Secret Committee, established by A, 1;
favours peace with France, 1;
A differs from, on foreign affairs, 1, 2;
A does not invite resumption of meetings of, 1;
and government reform, 1;
A under pressure to cut himself free from, 1;
final dispersal of, 1
secret societies, of liberals, 1, 2, 3;
of Decembrists, 1
Semeonovsky Regiment of Guards: and murder of Tsar Paul, 1, 2;
in Paris (1814), 1;
mutiny of (1820), 1
Senate: A sets up Committee to review powers of, 1, 2;
reformist elements in, 1
Senyavin, Admiral Dmitri: in Adriatic, 1, 2, 3;
returns to Baltic, 1
Seraphim, Metropolitan: in ousting of Golitsyn, 1, 2;
and insurgents at Nicholas’s accession, 1
Serfdom, 1, 2, 3;
A determined not to allow increase of, 1;
A acknowledges need to abolish, 1, 2
serfs: A forbids advertisements for sale of, 1;
amelioration of conditions of, 1;
levies of, for militia, 1, 2, 3, 4;
A encourages landowners to emancipate, 1;
risings of, 1
Sevastionov, hermit, 1
Shelley, Lady Frances, on A, 1
Shishkov, Admiral: succeeds Speransky as State Secretary, 1;
in Vilna with A, 1, 2, 3;
on abandonment of Vilna, 1;
wants A to leave army, 1, 2
Shuvalov, General Prince, 1
Shuvalova, Countess, lady-in-waiting to Empress Catherine, 1
Siberia: Speransky appointed Governor of, 1;
A travels to west of (1824), 1, 2
Silesia: proposed as recompense to Austria for cession of Galicia, 1;
proposed cession of, to Westphalia, 1
Silistria, fortress on Danube, falls to Russian
army (1810), 1
slave trade, appeals for abolition of, 1, 2
Slobodsky Palace, Moscow, A at, 1
Smith, Horatio, writes verses on A, 1
Smolensk: modernization of fortifications of, 1;
French army and (1812), 1, 2;
Arakcheev and rebuilding of, 1
Soult, Marshal, French commander, 1, 2
Spain: risings against Napoleon in, 1, 2, 3;
Wellington’s victory in, 1;
future of, discussed at Chaumont, 1;
unrest in (1820), 1;
suggestion of intervention in, 1, 2;
French authorized to take military action in, 1
Speransky, Michael, 1;
Minister of the Interior, 1;
secretary to A at Erfurt, 1;
Assistant Minister of Justice, 1;
reforms suggested by, 1;
and Arakcheev, 1;
as State Secretary, 1, 2, 3, 4;
as scapegoat for grievances about reforms, 1;
A consults on Poland, 1;
in contact with Talleyrand, 1;
victim o intrigue;
is exiled to Nizhni Novgorod (1812), 1, 2;
Governor of Penza (1816), 1;
Governor-General of Siberia (1819), 1
spies of Austrian police: reports of, during Congress of Vienna, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Stackelberg, Count, in Russian delegation at Vienna, 1
Stadion, Count, Austrian diplomat, 1, 2
Staël, Mme de: on patriotism of Russians, 1;
on A, 1
Stein, Baron vom, chief Minister of Prussia, 1;
joins A at Vilna (1812), 1;
urges Russian advance from Vilna, 1;
appeals to Frederick William to break with Napoleon, 1;
hopes for united German state, 1, 2;
memorandum by, on Poland, 1
Stephens, Elizabeth, wife of Speransky, 1
Stoffregen, Dr, physician to Empress Elizabeth, 1n
Stourdza, Alexander, as secretary to A, 1, 2
Stourdza, Roxane, lady-in-waiting to Empress Elizabeth, 1;
follower of Julie von Krüdener 1, 2, 3, 4;
in Bavaria with Elizabeth, 1;
A’s letter to, 1;
Capodistrias a friend of, 1;
with Elizabeth at Taganrog, 1
Stroganov, Paul, friend of A, 1, 2, 3;
member of Secret Committee, 1, 2, 3, 4;
deputy Minister of the Interior, 1;
with A at Olmütz, 1;
in London, 1;
resigns, 1;
and educational reform, 1
subsidies, British: to Russia, 1, 2, 3, 4;
to Prussia, 1
Sukhozanet, Major-General, and Decembrist insurgents (1825), 1
Sukhtelen, General, Quartermaster-General (1805), 1;
in Finland, 1
Sussex, Duke of, proposes to Grand Duchess Catherine, 1
Suvorov, General, 1, 2, 3;
made to retire by Tsar Paul, 1;
