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Dreadnought

Page 137

by Robert K. Massie


  social reform and, 644, 647–48

  war plans and, 744

  London, Treaty of, 57–58

  Londonderry, Lady, 572

  London to Ladysmith, via Pretoria (Churchill), 766

  Lorraine-Smith, Isabella, 51, 55

  Loubet, Emile:

  Anglo-French Entente and, 344–46

  Morocco crisis and, 359–60, 362

  Louis, Prince of Battenberg, 382–83, 433, 847

  Churchill and, 773–74, 778

  Dreadnought and, 470

  Fisher and, 501

  Louis XIV, King of France, 62–64, 307, 818

  Lüderitz, F.A.E., 85

  Lyttelton, May, 315–16

  Lyttelton, Spencer, 316

  MacDonald, James Ramsay, 601, 906–7

  MacDonald, Lady, 282

  MacDonald, Sir Claude, 279–80

  McKenna, Pamela, 578, 772

  McKenna, Reginald, 405, 490n, 771

  Agadir Crisis and, 735–36, 744

  Anglo-German naval talks and, 709

  Anglo-Russian Entente and, 602

  Asquith and, 576

  Churchill and, 768

  Churchill’s Naval Estimates and, 821, 824

  Edward VII’s death and, 656

  Fisher and, 498

  Fisher-Beresford conflict and, 530, 532, 535, 537–42

  Naval Scare and, 609–19, 621–24, 819

  war plans and, 745–47

  Mackenzie, Sir Morell, 38–41, 43–44

  McKinley, William, 512

  Maclean, Kaid, 353

  Madrid, Treaty of, 352, 354, 357–59

  Mahan, Alfred Thayer, xxi, xxiii–xxv, 164, 231, 256, 434, 634

  Malet, Sir Edward, 221–22

  Manchester, William, 751

  Manual of Seamanship (Alston), 389

  Marchand, Jean-Baptiste, 588

  Boxer Rebellion and, 286

  Fashoda crisis and, 251–55, 342

  Marie Feodorovna, Empress of Russia, 10, 17

  Marienbad, Fisher’s visits to, 424–25, 457

  Markham, A. H., 393–95

  Marlborough House Set, 14–16, 20

  Marschall von Bieberstein, Baron Adolf, 101–2, 114, 117, 145, 668–69, 817, 843

  Bülow and, 144, 146

  Eulenburg and, 670

  and German-Boer relations, 221–22

  Holstein and, 128, 143

  Jameson Raid and, 223

  Kiderlen and, 716–18

  Kruger Telegram and, 223–25

  William II’s dislike of, 120

  Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 856

  Melbourne, Lord, 5, 206

  Memoirs (Bülow), 132, 139, 675–76, 679, 685–86, 692

  Memoirs (Fisher), 457, 469

  Memoirs (Haldane), 806

  Memoirs (Holstein), 212

  Memoirs (Tirpitz), 168, 171

  Memoirs (William II), 695

  Mencken, Ludwig, 50

  Mendelssohn, Franz von, 798

  Mensdorff, Count von, 840, 881, 883

  Messimy, Pierre, 738

  Metternich, Count Paul Wolff-, 302–3, 308–9

  Agadir Crisis and, 729–35, 737–38

  Anglo-French Entente, 345

  Anglo-German alliance negotiations and, 309

  Anglo-German naval talks and, 697–702, 708, 813–17

  Haldane Mission and, 812

  Kiderlen and, 718

  Lichnowsky and, 843

  Morocco crisis and, 365, 367

  Naval Scare and, 619–22, 624

  Metternich, Prince Clemens von, 47, 52

  Minghetti, Donna Laura, 142

  Mitchell, Sir Thomas, 478

  Moltke, Count Kuno von, 101, 675–77, 679

  Moltke, Helmuth von (elder), 59, 91–92, 284, 364, 415, 893

  Franco-Prussian War and, 62–64

  on French threat, 78

  Moltke, Helmuth von (younger), 167

  Agadir Crisis and, 739

  Anglo-German naval talks and, 702

  Austro-Serbian conflict and, 857–58, 863, 873

  British war planning and, 745

  and German threat to Belgium, 895–97, 903

  and German threat to France, 875, 907

  Russo-German conflict and, 870–71, 873–76

  Monis, Ernest, 723–24

  Monson, Sir Edmund, 253, 255, 344

  Montagu, Edward, 580

  Monts, Alexander von, 163, 167–68

  Moore, Arthur, 394

  Morley, Lord John, 593n, 683

  Anglo-Russian Entente and, 597

  Balfour and, 322

  Boer War and, 550, 558, 560, 562

  Chamberlain and, 233, 239

  Churchill and, 775

  and German threat to France, 898

  Naval Scare and, 614

  and veto power of House of Lords, 661

  William II and, 104

  Morocco, 351–68, 522

  Agadir Crisis and, 183, 706, 711, 724–44, 748, 790, 807, 819

  Algeciras Conference on, 364–68, 590, 594, 606, 664, 673

  Anglo-French military talks on, 590–92

  control of police in, 365–66

  foreigners kidnapped in, 351–52

  Franco-German agreements on, 718–24, 741–43

  French interests in, 346–50, 352–68, 588–92, 594, 663–64, 718–25, 741–43

  independence of, 356–58, 719

  internationalization of, 363, 365–66

  William II’s visit to, 356–60, 362

  Motley, John, 51, 53–54, 56–57

  Müller, Georg von, 137, 485, 621n, 830, 842, 848, 851

  Münster, Count Georg Herbert von, 74, 83

  German colonialism and, 85–87

  Muraviëv, Count Mikhail Nikolaevich, 429

  Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 83, 307, 765, 818

  Battle of Trafalgar and, xiv, xvi

  Bismarck compared to, 49

  exile of, xxi, 47, 373

  French blockade and, xiv-xv

  Napoleon III, Emperor of France, 17, 48, 60–62, 386

  Franco-Prussian War and, 61–62

  Napoleonic Wars, xxi

  Natzmer, Captain, 116–17

  Navy, French, 373, 434

  battle cruisers and, 491

  in Battle of Trafalgar, xiii-xvi

  and bombardment of Alexandria, 421

  ironclads of, 386–87

  steam-fitted ships of, 386

  Navy, Russian, xix, 374

  opening Dardanelles to, 602–6

  Navy, U.S., xix–xx, xxviii

  during Civil War, 386–88

  Dreadnought and, 489

  Dreadnought-type ships built by, 469, 472

  Naval Scare and, 625

  oil-powered warships of, 785

  and redistribution of British Fleet, 462

  in War of 1812, 398

  Navy League, German, 178

  Nelson, Lord Horatio, xxvii, 373, 393, 409–10

  background of, xv

  Battle of Trafalgar and, xiii–xvi

  Beresford compared to, 502

  death of, xv

  Fisher compared with, 401

  Fisher on, 440–42, 454, 515, 518

  French blockade and, xiv–xv

  frigates in time of, 490–91

  naval tactics of, 391–92, 397–98

  Tirpitz and, 166, 168–69, 173

  Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia, 29n, 34, 173, 515, 686

  Anglo-Russian Entente and, 596–98, 601–2

  Anglo-Russian naval talks and, 845–46

  Austro-Serbian conflict and, 865–66, 869–70

  Bosnia Crisis and, 604, 607–8

  Boxer Rebellion and, 283–85

  Fashoda crisis and, 256

  First Hague Peace Conference and, 429–30, 432

  Jameson Raid and, 223

  Russo-German conflict and, 870, 874, 899–900

  Nicolson, Harold, 590, 599

  Nicolson, Sir Arthur, 347, 686

 
Agadir Crisis and, 730

  Anglo-Russian Entente and, 595–97, 599, 601

  Austro-Serbian conflict and, 882

  Bosnia Crisis and, 608

  and German threat to France, 898

  Morocco crisis and, 353, 365–67, 594

  and opening Dardanelles to Russian warships, 602–3, 605

  Nicolson, Sir William, 745–46

  Noble, Sir Andrew, 499

  Noel, Gerard, 394

  Northbrook, Lord, 419, 422, 424

  “Notes on Insular Free Trade” (Balfour), 331–32

  Olga, Grand Duchess of Russia, 404, 602

  Omdurman, Battle of, Churchill on, 763–64

  Page, Walter, 907

  Paint Work Affair, 525–27

  Pakenham, William, 471

  Palmerston, Lord, 160, 190, 581, 631

  Pan-German League, 136

  Parker, Sir William, 409–10

  Parsons, Sir Charles, xxix, 474

  Pasha, Arabi, 505–6

  Patow, Baron, 69

  Pauncefote, Sir Julian, 430, 432

  Pedicaris, Ion, 351–52

  Persia, Anglo-Russian Entente and, 597, 599–600

  Philip II, King of Spain, 307

  Pichon, Stéphen, 604

  Plant, Morton F., 158–59

  Poincaré, Raymond:

  Austro-Serbian conflict and, 865

  and German threat to France, 888–89

  Pourtalès, Count Friedrich von, 607, 865

  Russo-German conflict and, 874–75

  Prague, Treaty of, 60

  Princip, Gavrilo, 859

  Prussia:

  as antagonistic toward Britain, 43

  Austrian war with, 18, 58–60, 65

  Bismarck as ambassador of, 53–54

  Denmark invaded by, 12–14, 18, 32–33, 57–58, 65

  French war with, 18, 61–65, 73, 76–78, 161–62, 166

  Navy of, 160–63, 166

  parliamentary crisis and, 54–57

  Schleswig-Holstein crisis and, 57–58

  see also German Empire

  Queen Elizabeth, H.M.S.:

  building of, 781–85

  cost of, 832

  Radolin, Prince, 349

  Morocco crisis and, 359–60, 361–64

  Radowitz, Johann Maria von, 131, 364–66

  Redmond, John, 906

  Regendanz, Wilhelm, 723, 725

  Reid, Sir James, 653

  Reid, Whitelaw, 654

  Reinsurance Treaty, 82, 90, 102, 113–15

  Holstein and, 114, 127–28

  Reischach, Baron von, 652

  Renown, H.M.S., xviii, xxviii-xxx, 492

  description of, 433

  Fisher and, 428–29, 433–34, 448

  Repington, Charles, 589

  Révoil, M., Morocco crisis and, 365–67

  Rhodes, Cecil, 248

  ambitions of, 213–14, 218, 222, 230

  background of, 213–14

  Boer War and, 550

  death of, 230

  and German-Boer relations, 221–22

  Jameson Raid and, 218–19, 229–30

  Kruger Telegram and, 228

  Rhodes, Herbert, 213

  Richards, Sir Frederick, 487

  Richter, Eugen, 179

  Richthofen, Baron Oswald von, 148, 368, 664

  Riddle of the Sands, The (Childers), 632–35

  Riezler, Kurt, 740

  Rise of the Dutch Republic (Motley), 51

  Ritchie, David, 332

  Imperial Preference debate and, 327–28, 331

  River War, The (Churchill), 764

  Roberts, Lord, 296, 298, 338

  on abandoning Mediterranean, 827

  Boer War and, 274–75, 553, 685

  and Britain’s vulnerability to invasion, 628–30, 635–38

  Daily Telegraph crisis and, 685–86

  Robinson, Charles F., 158–59

  Romania, Balkan Wars and, 839

  Roon, Albrecht von, 54, 56, 64

  Roosevelt, Theodore, 106, 596, 654

  Beresford and, 514

  and launching of Dreadnought, 480

  Morocco crisis and, 352, 355, 361, 367

  Rosebery, Lord, 88, 189, 192, 218, 574, 757

  Boer War and, 550–51, 555

  and Britain’s vulnerability to invasion, 628

  Campbell-Bannerman and, 548–50, 556

  Fashoda crisis and, 251, 253–54

  Fisher and, 442–43

  Grey and, 583

  Home Rule and, 556

  Lansdowne and, 338

  1909 budget and, 649

  political handicaps of, 549

  Rhodes and, 214

  Rothschild, Alfred, 306

  Rouvier, Maurice, 359, 361–63, 366–67

  Royal Navy, British, 373–400

  Agadir Crisis and, 736–37, 744

  Anglo-German alliance negotiations and, 307

  animals permitted on ships and, 376–77

  battle cruisers and, 490–96

  Battle of Trafalgar and, xiii-xvi

  Beresford’s commands in, 505–8, 512–27, 532–34, 536, 538–39, 542

  Beresford’s early career in, 503

  Bismarck on, 175

  boatswain’s mates of, 378–79

  Boer War and, 180

  and Britain’s vulnerability to invasion, 627–30

  British reliance on, xxii

  budgets for, 466–67

  ceremonial visits to Baltic ports by, 849–53

  and changes in ship construction, 385–91

  Churchill on, 820

  Churchill’s administration of, 769–89

  Churchill’s estimates for, 821–25, 828–37, 848, 854

  defensive role of, 626–27

  Diamond Jubilee Review of, xvii–xx, xxii, xxv–xxxi, 174

  discipline in, 379–80, 384, 410

  drunkenness in, 377

  Egypt and, 420–22, 504–8

  expansion of, 696–700, 804, 809–10, 813

  First Hague Peace Conference and, 430

  Fisher-Beresford conflict and, 516–17, 528

  Fisher’s commands in, 415–24, 428–29, 433–48, 451–55, 504–5, 512–15, 542

  Fisher’s credo and, 404–5, 438

  Fisher’s critics in, 405–6, 437

  Fisher’s early career in, 409–14

  Fisher’s reforms for, 382, 402, 405, 438–39, 460–67, 498, 515–17, 520, 536

  food in, 379, 384, 410

  France blockaded by, xiv-xv

  German colonialism and, 132

  German naval expansion and, 184, 244, 801

  German security threatened by, xxiv–xxv

  and German threat to France, 898

  gunnery in, 397–400, 402, 413–14, 417, 426–27, 440, 465–66, 786–88

  Invincible-class battle cruisers of, 464, 493–97

  ironclads of, 386–89

  Mediterranean abandoned by, 827–28

  midshipmen of, 382–85, 392–93

  Morocco crisis and, 362–63, 366

  Naval Holiday and, 830–32, 847–48

  Naval Scare and, 609–25, 819

  nelsonian tactics of, 391–92, 397–98

  nepotism in, 392

  1909 budget and, 646–47

  North Sea superiority of, 848

  officers of, 374–80, 385, 415, 449–51, 461, 776–78

  oil-powered warships of, 784–85

  ordinary seamen of, 378–81, 385, 776–77

  paint-and-brightwork cult in, 396, 398–99

  as policeman of oceans, 374

  readiness of, 391–93, 438

  Russo-German conflict and, 900

  shrinkage of, 373–74

  South Africa and, 216

  steam-fitted ships of, 386

  steam-propelled ironclads of, 389–91

  steel battleships of, 391

  on submarines, 451–53

  supremacy of, xxi-xxii, xxiv-xxv, 373, 406, 592–93, 848–49

  Tirpitz’s adm
iration for, 166

  Tirpitz’s Risk Theory and, 181–82

  topmen of, 380–81

  torpedoes and, 414, 417–18, 451

  variety in matters of uniform in, 375–76

  Victorian splendor of, 395–96

  in War of 1812, 398

  war plans of, 744–48

  William II’s interest in, 108, 150–51

  Rozhestvensky, Z. P., 474, 596

  Russell, Lord John, 190, 229, 581

  Russian Empire, 83, 196–98, 359

  Agadir Crisis and, 737

  Anglo-French Entente and, 345, 349–50, 354–55

  Anglo-German alliance negotiations and, 291–92, 301–2, 304–7

  Anglo-German naval talks and, 708

  Anglo-Japanese alliance and, 339–40

  and assassination of Franz Ferdinand, 860–61

  Austro-Serbian conflict and, 857–58, 860–62, 864–67, 869–70, 880, 886

  Balkan Wars and, 839–40

  Bismarck’s diplomacy and, 77–82, 87–88, 90, 98–99, 102, 113–14, 127–28

  Bismarck’s mission to, 54–55

  Boer War and, 275

  Bosnia Crisis and, 604–8

  Boxer Rebellion and, 281, 283–85, 287

  British entente with, xxv, 594–602

  British naval talks with, 845–47

  British war planning and, 745

  Bülow’s posting in, 141–42

  Chinese interests of, 242–43, 339

  colonialism of, 85

  Eastern Question and, 196–200

  Fashoda crisis and, 254

  First Hague Peace Conference and, 429

  German colonialism and, 137

  German conflict with, 870–77, 880–81, 884–85, 888, 891, 894–95, 899–900

  German treaties with, 82

  Haldane Mission and, 811

  Holstein on, 127–28

  Holstein’s posting in, 124, 127

  mobilization of, 874, 876–77, 897, 899

  Morocco crisis and, 594

  Navy of, xix, 374, 602–6

  relations between Britain and, 156

  as threat to Britain, xxiii, 460, 515

  William II’s mission to, 34–35

  Russo-Turkish wars, 78–79, 196–97

  Saint-Seine, Count de, 825

  St. Vincent, John Jervis, Earl, 379–80, 401

  Salisbury, Georgina Alderson Cecil, Lady, 194–95, 200n, 204–6

  Salisbury, Robert Cecil, Third Marquess of, xxiii, 46, 90, 132–33, 189–212, 238, 353, 549, 571, 589n, 757

  Anglo-French Entente and, 342–43, 346

  Anglo-German alliance negotiations and, 246–47, 268–70, 292, 304–6

  Anglo-Japanese alliance and, 339–40

  Balfour and, 189, 191–93, 313–14, 320–22, 324

  Beresford and, 509–10

  Bismarck’s relationship with, 88

  Boer War and, 271–72, 274, 288, 310, 321, 551

  Boxer Rebellion and, 281, 283–85

  and Britain’s vulnerability to invasion, 627

  Campbell-Bannerman and, 555–56

  Chamberlain and, 189, 191–93, 232–33, 237, 244, 246

  childhood of, 193

  China policy and, 241–42

 

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