The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence

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The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence Page 51

by Ray Kurzweil


  Amiram Grinvald’s web site: Imaging the Brain in Action:

  The Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center:

  The McLean Hospital Brain Imaging Center:

  Optical Imaging, Inc., Home Page:

  Research Imaging Center: Solving the Mysteries of the Mind, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio:

  Visualization and Analysis of 3D Functional Brain Images, by Finn A rup Nielsen, Institute of Mathematical Modeling, Section for Digital Signal Processing, former Electronics Institute, Technical University of Denmark:

  Weizmann Institute of Science:

  The Whole Brain Atlas:

  COMPUTER BUSINESS/MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

  Automated Highway System DEMO; National AHS Consortium Home Page:

  Biometric (The Face Recognition Home Page):

  Face Recognition Homepage:

  The Intelligent Vehicle Initiative: Advancing “Human-Centered” Smart Vehicles:

  Kurzweil Educational Systems, Inc.:

  Kurzweil Music (Welcome to Kurzweil Music Systems):

  Laboratory for Financial Engineering at MIT:

  Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products:

  Medical Symptoms Matching Software:

  Miros Company Information:

  Synaptics, Inc.:

  Systran:

  COMPUTERS AND ART/CREATIVITY

  Arachnaut’s Lair - Electronic Music Links:

  ArtSpace: Computer Generated Art:

  BRUTUS. 1 Story Generator:

  But Is It Computer Art?:

  Computer Artworks, Ltd.:

  Computer Generated Writing:

  Northwest Cyberartists: Time Warp of Past Events:

  Music Software:

  An OBS Cyberspace Extension of Being Digital, by Nicholas Negroponte:

  Ray Kurzweil’s Cybernetic Poet:

  Recommended Reading, Computer Art:

  Virtual Muse: Experiments in Computer Poetry:

  COMPUTERS AND CONSCIOUSNESS/SPIRITUALITY

  Considerations on the Human Consciousness:

  Extropy Online, Arterati on Ideas, by Natasha Vita More; Vinge’s View of the Singularity:

  God and Computers:

  Kasparov vs. Deep Blue: The Rematch:

  Online papers on consciousness, compiled by David Chalmers:

  Toward a Science of Consciousness 1998 “Tucson III,” Conference, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. Support provided by the Fetzer Institute and the Institute of Noetic Sciences:

  COMPUTING SCIENCE RESEARCH

  Defining Virtual Reality, Industry Consortium in the Institute for Communication Research, Department of Communication, Stanford University:

  Computer Games: Past, Present, Future:

  The Haptics Community Web Page:

  Modeling and Simulation: Linking Entertainment and Defense:

  Physics News Update Number 219—The Density of Data. A link to Lambertus Hesselink’s research on crystal computing:

  Student cracks encryption code. A link to an article in USA Today on how Ian Goldberg, the graduate student from the University of California, cracked the 40-bit encryption code:

  Autonomous Agents

  Agent Web Links:

  Computer Vision

  Computer Vision Research Groups:

  DNA Computing

  “DNA-based computers could race past supercomputers, researchers predict.” A link to an article in the Chronicle of Higher Education on DNA computing, by Vincent Kiernan:

  Explanation of Molecular Computing with DNA, by Fred Hapgood, Moderator of the Nanosystems Interest Group at MIT:

  The University of Wisconsin: DNA Computing:

  Expert Systems/Knowledge Engineering

  Knowledge Engineering, Engineering Management Graduate Program at Christian Brothers University: Online Resources to a Variety of Links:

  Genetic Algorithms/Evolutionary Computation

  The Genetic Algorithms Archive at the Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence:

  The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Evolutionary Computation, Issue 6.2: A List of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ), edited by Jörg Heitkotter and David Beasley:

  The Santa Fe Institute:

  Knowledge Management

  ATM Links (Asynchronous Transfer Mode):

  Knowledge Management Network:

  Some Ongoing KBS/Ontology Projects and Groups:

  Nanotechnology

  Eric Drexler’s web site at the Foresight Institute (includes the complete text of Engines of Creation):

  Richard Feynman’s talk, “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”:

  Nanotechnology: Ralph Merkle’s web site at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center:

  MicroElectroMechanical Systems and Fluid Dynamics Research Group Professor Chih-Ming Ho’s Laboratory, University of California at Los Angeles:

  Nanolink: Key Nanotechnology Sites on the Web:

  Nanothinc:

  NEC Research and Development Letter: A summary of Dr. Sumio Iijima’s research on nanotubes:

  An Overview of the Performance Envelope of Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) Based Projection Display System by Dr. Jeffrey Sampsell of Texas Instruments. A link to a paper describing the creation of micromirrors in a tiny, high-resolution projector:

  Small Is Beautiful: A Collection of Nanotechnology Links: chnology/nanotech.html

  Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology at Rice University:

  The Smart Matter Research Group, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center:

  Richard Smalley’s home page:

  Neural Implants/Neural Prosthetics

  Membrane and Neurophysics Department, the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry:

  “Neural Prosthetics Come of Age as Research Continues,” by Robert Finn, in the Scientist. A link to an article on the use of neural prosthetics in helping patients with neurological disorders:

  Physics of Computation-Carver Mead’s Group:

  Neural Nets

  Brainmaker/California Scientific’s home page:

  Hugo de Garis’s web site on Brain Builder Group:

  IEEE Neural Network Council Home Page:

  Neural Network Frequently Asked Questions:

  PROFIT Initiative at MIT’s Sloan School of Management:

  Quantum Computing

  The Information Mechanics Group/Lab for Computer Science at MIT:

  Quantum computation/cryptography at Los Alamos National Laboratory:

  Physics and Media Group at the MIT Media Lab:

  Quantum Computation at IBM:

  Supercomputers

  Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative:

  Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory/University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy:

  NEC Begins Designing World’s Fastest Computer:

  FUTURE VISIONS

  ACM 97 “The Next 50 Years” (Association for Computing Machinery):

  The Extropy Site (a web site and on-line magazine covering a wide range of advanced and future technologies)

  SETI Institute web site:

  WTA: The World Transhumanist Association:

  HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

  Advances of the 1960s:

  BYTE Magazine-December 1996/Cover Story/Progress and Pitfalls:

  History of Computing: IEEE Computer Society:

  The Historical Collection, the Computer Museum History Center:

  Intel Museum Home Page: What is Moore’s Law?:

  SPACEWAR: Fanatic Life and Symbolic Death Among the Computer Bums, by Stewart Brand:

  Timeline of Events in Computer History, from the Virtual History Museum Group:

  Chronology of Events in the History of Computers:

  Unisys History Newsletter:

  INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND LUDDITES/NEOLUDDITE MOVEMENT

  Anarcho-Primitivist, anticivilization, and neo-Luddite articles:

  What’s a Luddite?:

  Luddites On-Line:

  The Unabomber Manifesto by Ted Kaczynski:

  INDEX

  Aaron

  Abrahams, Marc

  Adleman, Leonard

  Age of Intelligent Machines, The (Kurzweil)

  Aiken, Howard

  Alexander’s solution

  algorithms

  evolutionary, see evolutionary algorithms

  Allen, Woody

  Alu

  Analogy

  Analytical Engine

  angel capital

  animals

  communication in

  tools used by

  antimatter

  Aristotle

  artificial intelligence (AI)

  consciousness and ; see also consciousness

  evolutionary algorithms in, see evolutionary algorithms

  handicapped and, see disabilities

  human intelligence vs.

  knowledge acquisition in

  LISP in

  neural nets, see neural nets

  philosophical issues and, see philosophical issues

  recursion in, see recursion

  rights of see also computation; computers

  artificial life

  arts

  communication in

  literary, see literary arts

  musical, see music

  quantum computers and

  recursive programs in

  transcendence of materials in

  in 2009

  in 2019

  in 2029

  visual

  Asimov, Isaac

  assistants, personal

  asteroids

  Atkins, Peter

  atoms, formation of

  Babbage, Charles

  quoted

  Bach, Johann Sebastian

  Barrow, John D.

  baseball

  Bateson, Gregory

  Bell, Alexander Graham

  Benebid, A. L.

  Benson, Herbert

  Berger, Ted

  Berlin, Andrew

  Berliner, Hans

  big bang

  big crunch

  Binsted, Kim

  bioengineering

  Biowarfare Agency (BWA)

  bits

  blind persons

  reading machines for

  Blob, The

  Bluetooth

  Bobrow, Daniel G.

  body(ies)

  nanotechnology-enhanced

  protein-based

  of reinstantiated mind

  sex and, see sex

  virtual; see also virtual reality

  body LANs

  Bohr, Niels

  books

  prurient

  Bourne, Randolph

  brain, human

  achieving hardware capacity of

  complexity of computers vs.

  consciousness and; see also consciousness

  conservative design of

  cortex of

  density of computation in

  evolution of body and

  feelings produced by stimulating of

  God module in

  memory capacity of

  Minsky and Papert’s description of

  number of neurons in

  quantum computing in

  reverse engineering of ; see also brain scans

  specialized regions in

  strengths and weaknesses of

  see also mind; neurons

  Brain Generated Music (BGM)

  BrainMaker

  brain scans

  destroy-all-copies movement and

  destructive

  freezing of brain for

  identity and

  information on neurons gleaned from

  noninvasive

  optical imaging

  subjective time and

  transfer of information following

  Bringsjord, Selmer

  BRUTUS.1

  buckyballs

  business, economics, and finance

  AI in

  Luddite philosophy and

  stock market and investing

  transactions in

  in 2009

/>   in 2019

  in 2029

  Busy Beaver

 

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