by Frank McLynn
Balmerino, Lord, 231, 258
Bampton, Sir John, 11, 13, 20
Bank of England, 275, 278–9
Bardi banking house, 57
Barebones Parliament, 207, 212
Barnsley, 448
Barrymore, 4th Earl of, 234, 268, 271
BBC, 389, 440–4, 456
Beaufort, Cardinal, 67–8
beggars, 63–4
Belfast, 366
Belgian national strikes (1891, 1893 and 1913), 357, 406
Belknap, Sir Robert, 12, 20
Belling, Robert, 12, 13
Benbow, William, 356
Benedict XIII, Pope, 58
Bennett, Arnold, 440, 453
Berkeley, Bishop George, 275
Berlioz, Hector, 335
Bernstein, Eduard, 357, 358, 359
Beveridge, Sir William, 379, 409, 432
Beverley: in 14th century, 30, 41, 42; and Pilgrimage of Grace, 95, 97–8, 102, 139, 141–2
Bevin, Ernest: background and character, 397–8; Baldwin on, 432; and Citrine, 396, 400; and General Strike, 430, 438, 439, 449, 459, 460–2, 468; later life, 473; position on TUC General Council, 405; relations with Thomas, 398, 408, 439; revolution prophecy, 373; and run-up to General Strike, 377–8, 389, 409, 411, 413, 415, 422–3
Bigod, Sir Francis, 138–9, 143
Birkenhead, F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of: background and character, 387, 437; and General Strike, 461, 469; Keynes on, 472; on miners’ leaders and mine owners, 390; relations with Thomas, 401; and run-up to General Strike, 414–15, 417, 418, 419, 420–1, 422, 424–5
Birmingham, 298, 310, 451
Birmingham Political Union, 286
Bishops’ Wars (1639–40), 154
Bishopsgate mutiny (1649), 204
Black Death, 1–4, 55
Black Friday (1921), 369–70
Blackett, Sir William, 265
Blair Castle, 245
Blanqui, Auguste, 166
Boleyn, Ann, 87–8, 89, 96, 103
Bolivar, Simon, xiii
Bonar Law, Andrew, 372, 384
Bondfield, Margaret, 405, 409
Boniface IX, Pope, 58
Bourgneuf Bay attack (1449), 69, 84
Bourne, Cardinal Francis, 455–6
Bowes, Robert: ‘Captain Poverty’ letter, 101; pardoned, 134; and Pilgrimage of Grace, 103, 104, 106, 111–12, 114–16, 121
Bradbury, John, Lord, 374
Bradford, 301, 302, 341, 343
Bradshaw, John, 192
Bradstreet, Dudley, 238, 266
Bramley, Fred, 394
Brampton, Thomas, 253
Brantingham, Thomas, Bishop of Exeter, 9
Brembre, Sir Nicholas, 28, 33, 38, 39, 50
Brewes, Sir John de, 44, 45–6
Briand, Aristide, 406–7
Bridgeman, W. C., 385, 386, 412, 418, 461
Briggs, Asa, 444
Bright, John, 317, 318, 320, 350
Brighton, 450
Brinton, Crane, 483, 507–9, 512, 515
Bristol, 150, 263, 347
Britain: behaviour of elite, 489–90; and Caesarism, 481; character of British, 477–9, 492–4; freak waves round, 484–6; invasion overview, 484–6; as island, 477–8, 484–6; number of rebellions in England, 478; reasons for lack of revolution, 280–1, 477–503; role of army, 489
British Empire, 497–8
British Gazette, 433–5, 441, 447, 448, 456
British Worker, 435
Bromley, John: background and character, 405; and General Strike, 456–7, 458, 459; later life, 474; and run-up to General Strike, 407, 408, 409, 410
Broughton see Murray of Broughton, Lord
Browne, George, Bishop of Dublin, 90
Buchan, John, 271
Buchner, Georg, xiii
Buckingham, Duke of (15th century), 74
Buckingham, Earl of (14th century), 8, 19, 40–1, 42, 50
Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st Duke of, 152
Bulmer, Sir John, 143
Burdett, Sir Francis, 283–4, 289
Burford, 205–6
Burgundy, Philippe, Duke of, 84
Burke, Edmund, 53, 493, 509
Burley, Sir Simon, 12, 13, 19
Burnley, 448
Burns, John, 362
Burns, Robert, 229
Burton, John, 256
Bury St Edmunds, 30, 41, 42, 43, 47
Butler, James, 218, 253–4, 274
Butler, Thomas, 258
Butterwick, John, 33
Cabet, Etienne, 322
Cade, Jack, 71–9, 81–3, 288
Cade’s rebellion (1450), 65–85; context and causation, 65–70, 81–5; events, 70–9; as forerunner of War of Roses, 81–3; parallels with Peasants’ Revolt, 80; rebel demographic, 70–1; rebel numbers, 72; risings beyond Home Counties, 79–80
Caesar, Charles, 277
Caesarism, 480–2
Cale, Guillaume, 65
Cambodia, 194–5
Cambridge, 41, 42, 45, 47
Cameron of Lochiel, Donald, 224–5, 227, 231, 232, 244, 248, 252
Campbell clan, 251–2
Canterbury, 14–15, 47, 72–3
Cantor, N. F., 2
capitalism: Jacobite attitude, 270; nature of British, 492, 494; Protestantism’s effect on rise of, 159–60; rise of financial, 275–9; and the working class, 352
‘Captain Poverty’ letter, 101
Captain Swing riots, 285, 287, 347
Cardiff, 448, 464
Carlile, Richard, 309–10
Carlisle, 141
Carlisle, siege of (1745), 235, 241
Carlyle, Thomas, 210, 212, 360
Carmichael of Balmeddie, David, 277
Carson, Sir Edward, 489
Carte, Thomas, 253–5
Caryll, Lord, 260
Cassels, Roger, 103
Castro, Fidel, 516–17
Catherine of Aragon, 87, 89
Catholicism see religion
Cavendish, Sir John, 43
Cavour, Camillo Benso, Conte di, 480
censorship, 114
Challoner, Robert, 103, 111–12
Chamberlain, Austen, 480
Chamberlain, Neville, 386, 418, 420, 456, 461, 473
Channon, Henry ‘Chips’, 402
Chapuys, Eustace, 100, 103–4, 120
Charles I, King of Great Britain and Ireland: character, 149, 152; and Civil War, 157, 158; escape and imprisonment, 184; intrigues while imprisoned, 170–2; Leveller attitude, 175, 176, 183, 189; and origins of Civil War, 152–7; trial and execution, 188–92, 196
Charles II, King of Great Britain and Ireland, 192, 207, 275, 276
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 87, 96, 100, 120, 121
Charles V, King of France, 4
Charles VII, King of France, 67, 69
Charles Edward, Prince, the Young Pretender: aims, 227; attitude to religion, 218; background and character, 217–18, 221; and Culloden, 246–7, 248; at Derby meeting, 237–9; and French planned invasion of England, 219–21; illnesses during rising, 242, 244, 245; invasion of England, 231–7; and land ownership, 274; later life, 249, 270; on national debt, 276; preparations for Jacobite rising, 222–4; reasons for failure, 230; and retreat to Highlands, 244–5; and retreat to Scotland, 239–41; return to France, 248–9; as revolutionary thinker, 221–2, 251, 269–70; Scotland conquered by, 225–9; Scottish landing, 224–5; what if?, 270–1, 279
Charles the Bad, King of Navarre, 65
Charlton, Thomas, 77
Chartists, 280–354; 1842 crisis, 311–15; achievements and legacy, 353–4; aims, 285, 286; birth, 285–6; context, 280–5; decline, 343–4; events, 294–344; and Ireland, 331–2; Kennington Common march, 334–41; and land reform, 321–30, 354; National Central Registration and Election Committee (NCREC), 330–1; national petitions, 295, 296, 311–13, 333–9, 343; NCA–NCSU disputes, 308–11; Newport march and consequences, 301–5; opponents, 296–7, 299–300, 314, 335; reasons for failure, 343–4, 346–53; relatio
ns with ACLL, 308, 310, 311, 313, 318–21, 326, 330; supporters, 286–94; techniques, 287; Trotsky on, 483
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 17, 50–1, 59–60
Chelmsford, 14
Chesterton, G. K., 163, 454, 475, 478
chevauchées, 4–5
Cheyne, Thomas, 69–70
Chiang Kai-shek, 511
Chidley, Katherine, 203
child labour, 323
Chile, 502
China, 150, 194–5
Chinese Revolution (1949), 487, 489, 495, 510–13, 517, 519
Cholmly, Sir Henry, 190
Church, Corporal, 205
Churchill, Clementine, 433
Churchill, Winston: as amateur historian, 490; on Baldwin, 386; and BBC, 443; on Britain as an island, 478; character, 434; and General Strike, 433, 434–5, 439, 442, 445–6, 447, 475; and General Strike aftermath, 467; and gold standard, 374, 376; ignorance of ordinary life, 433; joke at own expense, 476; later life, 473; on Northumberland’s mining royalties, 385; and Red Friday, 377; and run-up to General Strike, 418, 420, 422, 423, 426; Thomas on, 416, 436
Citrine, Walter: attitude to General Strike, 407; background and character, 398–400; on Baldwin, 426; and Cook, 396–7, 474; and General Strike, 428, 430, 447, 457, 460–1, 464–5; later life, 473; position at TUC, 396–7, 405; and run-up to General Strike, 410, 414, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422; on Smith, 392; on Thomas, 402, 406, 407, 409, 415, 440, 459
Clanranald, young, 224, 231, 232, 238, 244
Clayton, John, 303
Clement VII, Pope, 58, 87
Clement XI, Pope, 215
Clifford, Sir Thomas, 141
Clifton village, skirmish at (1745), 240–1
climate and weather: in 14th century, 56; in 17th century, 150; and lack of revolution in Britain, 484–6, 492
Clontarf, 331
Cloppenburg Press, 169
cloth industry, 84, 96
clothing: sumptuary laws, 4
Clubmen, 159
coal industry see mining industry and strikes
Cobbett, William, 294
Cobden, Richard, 317, 318, 319–20, 350, 389
Cobham, 199–200
Coke, Sir Edward, 153
Colchester, 18
Cole, G. D. H., 320, 399
Combination Acts, 283–4
Communist Party: 1920s hatred of, 389; 1925 government persecution, 388; and Cook, 394, 474; Labour Party’s attitude, 452
Complete Suffrage Movement, 308
Condé, Louis Bourbon, Prince de, 488
Congregationalists, 163–4
Conservative Party, 412
Constable, Sir Robert: background and character, 101; Ellerker tries to trap, 138; Henry VIII’s attitude to, 129–30; and Lee, 118; at Pilgrimage of Grace meetings, 103, 121–2, 125, 131; place in Pilgrims’ battle order, 106
Cook, A. J.: background and character, 391–2, 392–7; and General Strike and aftermath, 457, 458, 467, 468; and Labour Party intellectuals, 409; later life, 473–4; as orator, 395, 397; position at MFGB, 371; and Red Friday, 377; relations with Thomas, 403–4, 408, 421; and run-up to General Strike, 411, 412, 414, 419–20, 423–4; and Samuel Commission, 380, 381; Webb on, 427
Cooke, John, 192
Cooper, Thomas, 310–11, 326
Cooperative Union, 408
Cooperative Wholesale Society (CWS), 452–3
Cope, Sir John, 225, 228–9
Corkbush Field, 185
Corn Laws repeal (1846), 280, 320–1, 348; see also Anti-Corn Law League
cornage, 128
Cornwall, 253
Corpus Christi, Feast of, 20
Cotton, Sir John Hynde, 268, 271
cotton industry, 318, 330, 348–9, 365
Courtenay, William, Bishop of London, 40
Cowen, Joseph, 345
Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, 88, 90, 98, 112
Cressing Temple, 14
Creswell, Elizabeth, 306
Creswell, Percival, 118
Crewe, 448
crime: Jacobite attitudes, 257–64
Cripps, Sir Stafford, 399, 503
Croce, Benedetto, 480
Cromarty, Earl of, 245, 246
Cromwell, Oliver: as absolute ruler, 481; as amateur, 490; and censorship, 164; character and politics, 177–8, 211–13; and Charles I’s death, 188–9, 191–2; and Civil Wars, 157–9, 187, 207; control of army, 172; control of Parliament, 190–1; Irish campaign, 201, 205, 206; and Levellers, 166–7, 169, 170, 185–6, 188, 189, 201–6, 209; as Lord Protector, 207; and New Model Army politics, 171, 181–3, 185–6; origins, 482; plots to assassinate, 208–9; prevention of revolution, 479; at Putney Debates, 175, 176, 177–8, 181–3; and Spain, 272
Cromwell, Richard (16th century), 125
Cromwell, Richard (Oliver’s son), 212
Cromwell, Thomas: Aske’s desire to replace, 95; and Boleyn’s death, 87–8; and Derby, 103; downfall, 145; Norfolk’s hatred of, 91, 129, 130–1; and Pilgrimage of Grace, 90, 96, 97, 98, 100, 101, 112, 114, 119, 121–2, 123, 125, 126
Crowmer, William, 77
Cuban Revolution (1959), xi–xii, 516–17
Cufay, William, 343
Culloden, Battle of (1746), 246–8, 251–2
Cumberland, 102, 127–8
Cumberland, Earl of (16th century), 102–3, 128
Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of: background, 229; at Culloden, 246; pursues Jacobites, 237, 239, 240–1, 245; treatment of rebels, 249
Curragh Mutiny (1914), 488–9
Curzon, Nathaniel, 254
CWS see Cooperative Wholesale Society
Dacre, Lord, 128
Dacre, Sir Christopher, 141
Daily Mail, 421–3, 425
Daniel, John, 236
Daniel, Thomas, 68, 69, 75, 77
Darcy, Lord: background, 100; Henry VIII’s attempts to suborn, 125; initial loyalty to Henry VIII, 97, 100–1; on Lincolnshire rising, 94; pardoned, 137–8; as Pilgrim of Grace, 101, 104–5, 106, 109, 111, 112, 118–19, 122, 125, 126, 130; ultimate fate, 140, 141, 142–3
Darcy, Sir George, 134
Darlington, 448
Davidson, J. C. C., 388, 441, 443
Davidson, Randall, Archbishop of Canterbury, 440–1, 442, 443
Davies, David, 380
Dawes Plan, 380
Dawson, Geoffrey, 435
Dawyne, Sir John, 103
Debray, Régis, 512–13
Defoe, Daniel, 278
Democratic Friends of All Nations, 316
Dene, Cornet, 205
Derby, 237–9, 253, 255–6
Derby, Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of, 102, 103, 140, 141
Derwentwater, James Radcliffe, 3rd Earl of, 216
Despenser, Henry, Bishop of Norwich, 44, 45–6, 50
Devon, 145–6
Devon, Earl of (15th century), 74
dictators, 480–2
diet, 62–3, 67
Diggers, 192–201
Dilke, Sir Charles, 289
Disraeli, Benjamin, 152, 174, 253, 308, 497
distributism, 454
dock strikes, 357, 364
Domesday Book, 34
Doncaster, 108–16, 130–1, 140–1, 448, 451
Donovan, David, 343
Dorset, 79, 159, 254
Drapier’s Letter (1745), 267
Draupner oil rig, 485
Driberg, Tom, 436
Drummond, Lord John, 242
Dudley, Lord, 70, 75
Dunbar, Battle of (1650), 207
Duncombe, Thomas Slingsby, 305
Dunstable, 30, 41
Durham, 451
East Anglia: 17th-century economy, 150; Peasants’ Revolt, 41, 42–3, 44–5, 49; and Puritanism, 151; witch-hunting, 162–3
East India Company, 272
Eccles, Reginald, 44
economy: in 14th century, 3–4, 6–11, 55–7; in 16th century, 96–7, 101, 127–9; in 17th century, 150; origins of national debt, 275–9; see also financial crises; ind
ustrialisation; labour; taxation; trade
Edgehill, Battle of (1642), 157
Edinburgh, 228, 229, 241, 448, 450
Edmund, Earl of Cambridge, 16, 19
Edward III, King of England, 5, 57
Edward VI, King of England, 145
Edward VIII, King of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 384
Edward, the Black Prince, 4, 5
Egerton, Lord Francis, 311
Eguilles, Marquis d’, 230, 236
Elcho, David, Lord, 226, 231, 241, 248
electoral reform: in 19th century, 281–3, 353–4; in 20th century, 479; and Chartists, 286, 297, 306, 308; Leveller attitude, 173, 178–82, 191, 203; votes for women, 283, 365
Elisabeth (warship), 223–4
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 149, 150–1, 484
Ellerker, Sir Ralph: negotiates with Norfolk and Henry VIII, 111–12, 114–16, 121; and Pilgrimage of Grace, 103, 106; Pilgrimage abandoned by, 134, 138
Ellerker family, 106
Ellis, Havelock, 437
emigration, 371
Emmet, Robert, 332
empiricism, 492–4
enclosures, 127, 146–7, 196, 494
Engels, Friedrich: on 1840s England and revolution, 352–3; attitude to Marx, 359; on capitalism–Calvinism link, 160; The Condition of the Working Class in England, 287; friends, 345, 346; on peasantry in the Middle Ages, 85; on monarchy, 306; on O’Brien, 293; prophecy of revolution, 316; on reaching socialism in Britain, 502; on revolution, 506; on strikes, 356–7; on success in revolutions, 358
English Civil Wars (1642–5; 1647–51): casualties, 158–9, 514; events, 157–8, 184–5, 187–8, 190, 207; origins and context, 149–57, 482–3
equality: British attitude, 478–9; Digger attitude, 194–201; Leveller attitude, 178–84, 189, 204; see also social structure
Essex, 11–26, 33, 35, 40–1, 48, 61
Essex, Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of, 157–8
Everard, Robert, 177
Everard, William, 199, 200
Ewall, John, 14
Excise Act (1733), 252
Exeter, 146, 263
Exeter, Marquis of, 107, 144
Eyre, William, 206
Fairfax, Thomas: and Charles I’s death, 192; command of New Model Army, 158; and Diggers, 199; and Levellers, 190, 202, 204, 205, 206; handling of New Model Army tensions, 171, 185–6; at Putney Debates, 183
Fairfax, Sir William, 103
Falkirk, Battle of (1746), 243–4
famine: in 14th century, 55–6
Farringdon, Thomas, 28–9, 34, 40
Ferrers, Sir Ralph, 6, 20
feudalism: end of, 63–4, 66–7; Langland on, 60; and Peasants’ Revolt, 24, 29–31, 41, 49, 60–1; serfs’ living conditions, 61–4
Fielding, Henry, 239, 265, 274
Fifth Monarchy Men, 162, 192
