by Frank McLynn
Russian Revolution (1917), 360, 383, 486–7, 489, 510–13, 517, 519
Sagan, Carl, 483
St Albans, 28, 30, 41, 42, 43
Saint-Simon, Comte de, 322
Saklatvala, Shapurji, 451
Salisbury, 205
Salisbury, Earl of (14th century), 19, 20, 28
Salisbury, Lord, 378, 385, 386, 418
Salterhebble, 313
Samuel, Herbert, Viscount: background and character, 379; and General Strike, 437–9, 440, 457–9, 462–3; later life, 473; Samuel Commission and Report, 379–82, 385–6, 410, 411, 432; Samuel memorandum, 457–61, 462, 463
Sandwich, 84
Sankey, John, Lord, 368–9, 395, 401
Santayana, George, 478
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 151
Saxe, Maurice, Comte de, 219, 220–1, 229
Saye and Sele, James Fiennes, 1st Baron, 68, 69, 70, 75, 77, 83
Scales, Sir Roger, 44
Scales, Thomas, Lord, 74, 77, 78
Scarborough, 30, 41, 42, 139
Scotland: Bishops’ Wars, 154; Charles I’s negotiations with, 184–5; and Chartism, 309, 310, 313, 350; continuing Jacobite support, 268; and English Civil Wars, 158, 187–8, 207; and General Strike, 448, 451; wars with England, 5, 12–13; see also Jacobite rising (1745)
Scrope, Lord, 130
Scrope, Richard, 65
secrecy, 490
Sedbergh, Adam, Abbot of Jervaulx, 98, 143
Seekers, 162
Segrave, Major Henry, 438
Septvanz, William, 15
sergeant corn, 127
Seven Men of Moidart, 223; see also Atholl, Duke of; Kelly, George; MacDonald, Aeneas; O’Sullivan, John William
Seven Years War (1756–63), 264
Sevenoaks, skirmish at (1450), 75
Sewale, Sheriff, 13, 14
Sexby, Edward: background and character, 173; Cromwell’s attitude to, 177; later life, 208–9; at Putney Debates, 173, 174, 175, 176, 180, 181
Seymour, Jane, 89
Shakespeare, William, 81–3
Shays’s rebellion (1787), 518
Sheffield, 302
Sheridan (Jacobite), 231, 232, 239, 248
Sheriffmuir, Battle of (1715), 216
Shinwell, Emanuel, 390
Ship Money, 152–3, 154, 155
Shippen, William, 275
Short Parliament, 154
Shrewsbury, 263
Shrewsbury, George Talbot, 4th Earl of, 91–2, 107–8, 110, 111–12, 118, 125
Simnel, Lambert, 92
Simon, Sir John, 387, 436–7, 439, 470
Sindercombe, Miles, 208
Sitwell, Osbert, 446
Skipton Castle, 102–3, 106
Skocpol, Theda, 495, 497, 510–13, 514, 516
Slesser, Sir Henry, 437
Smiles, Samuel, 307–8
Smith, Adam, 169, 207, 259
Smith, Sir Allan, 390
Smith, F. E. see Birkenhead, F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of
Smith, Herbert: background and character, 391–2; and General Strike, 436, 438–9, 452, 457, 458, 459–60; and General Strike aftermath, 468; on Hodges, 370; and Labour Party intellectuals, 409; on Red Friday, 377, 378; rise to power, 369; and run-up to General Strike, 412, 413–14, 416, 417, 419, 421, 424; and Samuel Commission, 380, 381; Samuel on, 438–9
Smith, Ian, 488
smuggling, 259–61
Smyth, John, 80
Snowden, Ethel, 446
Snowden, Philip, 390, 398, 463, 469–70, 474, 502
social structure: in 14th century, 61–2; in 16th century, 127–9; in 17th century, 150; Diggers and equality, 194–201; Levellers and equality, 169–70, 178–9, 204
Somerset, 79, 253
Somerset, Duke of (15th century), 68, 69
Somerset, Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of, 146, 147
Sorel, Georges, 359–62, 363
South Sea Company, 275
Southey, Robert, 52–3
Southsea, 448
Soviet Union, 159, 446–7, 513; see also Russia
Spain, 216–17, 272, 481, 486, 488
Spanish Armada, 484
Spanish Succession, War of (1701–14), 272
Spenser, Robert, 79
sport, 479, 501
Stafford, Sir Humphrey, 75
Stafford, Sir William, 75
Staffordshire, 313, 314
Stalin, Joseph, 513
Standish, Sir Ralph, 37
Stanley, Sir Thomas, 75
Stapleton, Brigadier Walter, 248
Stapleton, William, 97–8, 106, 108
Star Chamber, Court of, 152, 153, 154, 155
State: relationship to revolution, 507; Skocpol on, 512
Statute of Labourers (1351), 3, 57
Steel-Maitland, Sir Arthur: background and character, 387; and General Strike, 438, 461; and run-up to General Strike, 414, 417, 418, 419, 420, 426
Stephens, Rev. J. R., 287, 288–9, 296, 303, 317
Steuart of Goodtrees, Sir James, 230, 251
Stevens, Wallace, 195
Stewart, John Roy, 225, 229, 232, 255
Stewart of Ardshiel, 231, 232, 241, 244
Stirling Castle, siege of (1746), 242–3
Strachey, John, 435
Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of, 152, 154–5, 156
Strathallan, Lord, 226, 235
Straw, Jack, 17, 28, 29, 39, 40
strikes: Chartist, 296, 298, 313–15; decline in number after General Strike, 469; in early 20th century, 364–6; see also General Strike (1926)
Struan see Robertson of Struan
Sturge, Joseph, 308–9, 310, 311, 316, 318
Sudbury, Simon, Archbishop of Canterbury, 8–9, 9–10, 15, 17, 29, 32
Suffolk, 43–4, 45, 48
Suffolk, Charles Brandon, Duke of, 92–3, 107, 122
Suffolk, William de la Pole, Duke of, 67–70
suffrage see electoral reform
suffragettes, 365
sumptuary laws, 4
Surrey, Earl of, 144
Sussex, 80, 83–5
Sussex, Earl of, 140, 141
Swales, Alonzo: and General Strike, 461; in Labour government (1924), 377; politics, 397, 405, 410; and run-up to General Strike, 414–15, 416, 417, 421, 424; and Thomas, 409; waning influence, 397
Swansea, 448
Swedish general strike (1909), 406
Tamworth, 264
Tawney, R. H., 159, 368, 399, 409
taxation: and the ’45, 233; 18th-century taxes and smuggling, 259–61; and Charles I, 152–3, 154; feudal taxes, 61–2; under first Edwards, 56; and Henry VI, 69; Lay Subsidy, 7; Malt Tax, 233; and national debt, 276; and Pilgrimage of Grace, 88–9, 90, 96, 101–2, 126, 127–9, 135, 136, 145; Poll Tax (14th century), 7–11, 49; Ship Money, 152–3, 154, 155; stamp duty, 292
Taylor, A. J. P., 371, 436, 444
Tebbe, John, 15
Tejero, Antonio, 516
temperance, 306, 332
Temple, Sir William (17th century), 273
Temple, William (20th century), 467
Tencin, Cardinal, 230
textile industry, 372–3
Thackeray, William Makepeace, 334–5
Thirty Years War (1618–48), 149
Thomas, J. H.: background and character, 369, 400–5; attitude to communists, 452; and General Strike, 430, 432, 436, 438, 439–40, 446, 453, 456–63, 465; and General Strike aftermath, 466; General Strike’s effect on reputation, 468, 469–70; Gramsci on, 502; in Labour government (1924), 377; later life, 473; relations with Bevin, 398, 408, 439; and run-up to General Strike, 370, 405–18, 421, 422–3, 424
Thompson, Dorothy, 289
Thompson, Cornet James, 205
Thompson, Captain William, 205–6
Tidd Pratt, John, 328
Tillett, Ben, 362, 397, 405, 410
Tindal, Sir Nicholas, 304
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 49, 479, 505, 506
Tolpuddle martyrs, 284
Tone, Theobald Wolfe, 332, 485
&
nbsp; Tonypandy riots (1910), 364, 393
Tory Party: in 18th century, 252–3, 255; and Chartists, 308, 310–11, 319
Towneley, Francis, 255
trade: and Jacobitism, 271–3; Leveller attitudes, 167, 169, 207; and Pilgrimage of Grace, 96–7; see also Anti-Corn Law League
trade unions: birth, 283–5, 294, 350–1; General Strike’s effect on, 469; legislation post General Strike, 468, 470; political leanings, 500, 501; radical hatred of, 389; relations with Labour Party, 400; rise of, 367–8; and strikes of early 20th century, 364; see also General Strike (1926); Trades Union Congress
Trades Union Congress (TUC): attitude to Cook, 394; Citrine’s appointment as general secretary, 396–7; during General Strike, 428, 429–32, 439, 446–7, 451–4, 456–65; foundation and membership statistics, 367–8; and mining dispute (1925), 377, 378, 381, 382, 386; newspaper, 435; personalities involved in General Strike, 397–405; preferred methods, 364; and run-up to General Strike, 404–27; Special Industrial Committee (SIC), 405–27; Ways and Means Sub-Committee, 413
trailbaston, 14
Transport and General Workers’ Union, 368, 378, 459, 469
Trenchard, Sir Hugh, 471
Trenman, William, 33
Tresilian, John, 68, 69, 75, 77
Tresilian, Robert, 40, 50
Trevelyan, C. E., 335
Triple Alliance (mine workers, railwaymen, transport workers), 368, 369–70
Trotsky, Leon: on British elite and concessions, 490; on British Empire, 497; on British Left, 424; on Chartists, 483; on Cromwell, 481; on General Strike, 446; on general strike concept, 359, 361, 363, 390; on Stalin, 513; on J.H. Thomas, 402–3
TUC see Trades Union Congress
Tullibardine (Jacobite), 232
Turenne, Henri de la Tour d’Auvergne, Vicomte de, 488
Turkey, 512
Turner, Ben, 461, 474
Twain, Mark, xiii, 85
Tyler, Wat: background, 14; death, 37–8; literary representations, 51, 52–3, 83; and Peasants’ Revolt, 14–19, 22, 29, 34–8, 39
Tyneside, 264–5, 313
unemployment: in 1920s, 371, 373, 376, 453
Urban VI, Pope, 58
urbanisation, 351, 495–6
USA: in 19th century, 322–3; Britain’s WW1 debts to, 384; mining industry, 372; reaction to British General Strike, 455; see also American Civil War; American War of Independence
utopianism, 192–201, 321–2, 323–4
Utrecht, Treaty of (1713–14), 272
Versailles, Treaty of (1919), 374
Victoria, queen of Great Britain and Ireland, 297, 304, 306, 312, 334
violence, Sorel on, 362
Vizetelly, Henry, 340
voluntarism, xii
Wade, Marshal, 233, 234, 235, 236–7, 240
wages: in 14th and 15th centuries, 3, 66; and gold standard, 373–6; miners, 376–82, 411–12, 417, 457–8, 468
Wales: and Chartists, 301–3, 310, 313, 350; and General Strike, 451, 464; Rebecca riots, 350
Walkden, Alexander, 405
Walkinshaw, Clementina, 244
Walland of Abertrothock, Patrick, 277
Walpole, Horace, 261, 274
Walpole, Robert, 217, 252, 257, 262
Walsall, 263, 264
Walsh, Antoine, 223, 224, 225
Waltham Abbey, 18
Waltham Blacks, 261–2
Walworth, Mayor William, 19, 21, 27, 28, 35–8, 40
Walwyn, William: imprisoned, 202–4, 206; later life, 207–8; links with MPs, 170; overview, 165, 168–9; politics and works, 168, 173, 203; and Putney Debates, 174
war, and revolution, 486–7
Ware, Hugh, 33
Warwick, Earl of (14th century), 19, 50
Warwick, Earl of (16th century), 147
Warwickshire, 264
Weale, Matthew, 176
Webb, Beatrice: on BBC General Strike coverage, 441–2; on Citrine, 399; on General Strike, 432, 444, 453, 476; on general strike concept, 427; ignorance of ordinary life, 432–3; on Samuel and Keynes, 473; on Smith and Cook, 391–2, 395–6; on TUC, 466; working-class attitude to, 476
Webb, Sidney, 368
Weber, Max, 159, 498, 509
Wedderburn of Blackness, Sir John, 277
Weitling, Wilhelm, 322
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of, 282, 335, 349
Westmoreland, 102
Westmoreland, Earl of (16th century), 134
Wharton, Duke of (‘Hell-Fire Duke’), 277
Whig Party, 255, 256, 285, 319
White, Major, 205
Whitehall debates (1648), 191
Wildman, John: Cromwell’s attitude to, 177; later life, 208; politics and works, 173, 189; at Putney Debates, 174, 175–6, 179–80, 181
Wilkes, John, 255, 268
Wilkite riots (1760s), 280
William III (William of Orange), king of Great Britain and Ireland, 275
Williams, Evan, 380, 390, 391, 467
Williams, Zephaniah, 301, 302, 304
Williams Wynn, Sir Watkin, 234, 263, 268, 269, 271
Wilson, Sir Horace, 387, 414, 415, 417, 461
Wilstrop, Sir Oswald, 103, 134
Wiltshire, 79–80
Winchester, 30
Windebank, Sir Francis, 155
Winstanley, Gerrard, 192–200, 201, 207, 208
witches, 162–3
Wolsey, Cardinal Thomas, 87, 91
Wolverhampton, 448
women: and Chartism, 287, 289, 296, 306, 339; Digger attitude, 196–7; and Levellers, 165, 202–3; and religion, 501; and the vote, 283, 365
Wood, Sir Kingsley, 451
Woodstock, Thomas, 16
wool industry, 96
Woolf, Virginia, 442, 444, 448, 475
Worcester, Battle of (1651), 207
workhouses, 283
working class: in 19th century, 349–50, 351–3; history and nature of British, 494–6, 497–8, 500–2; in Jacobite army, 255; Marxist thinking on, 356–63; solidity during General Strike, 429
World War One (1914–18), 489
Wrawe, John, 43–4, 45
Wycliff, John, 25–6
Yaffle (journalist), 454
York: and General Strike, 448, 453; and Peasants’ Revolt, 41, 42; and Pilgrimage of Grace, 98–9, 121–2
York, Richard, Duke of, 68, 72, 80–1, 81–2
Yorkshire: in 18th century, 253; in 19th century, 313–14; and Peasants’ Revolt, 42; and Pilgrimage of Grace, 93–106, 127–8, 135, 136–43
Young Ireland, 332, 334, 342
Zinoviev letter, 425
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