The Science of Ghosts

by Joe Nickell

  Elvis Sighting Bulletin Board. 2008. http://www.elvissightingbulletinboard.com (accessed August 4, 2008).

  Hauck, Dennis William. 1996. Haunted Places: The National Directory. New York: Penguin.

  “Haunted Places: Las Vegas Hilton.” 2008. Haunted Honeymoon. http://www.hauntedhoneymoon.com/hauntedplaces/lvhilton.html (accessed August 6, 2008).

  Holzer, Hans. 1979. Star Ghosts. New York: Leisure Books.

  “Is ‘Weeping’ Elvis Statue a Hose Job?” 1997. Buffalo News, August 10.

  McElroy, Rob. 2001. Report of February 18, together with interview notes and the like in author's extensive case file.

  Nickell, Joe. 1993. “Outlaw Impostors.” In Stein 1993, pp. 112–13 (below).

  ———. 1995. Entities: Angels, Spirits, Demons, and Other Alien Beings. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.

  ———. 2001. “Phantoms, Frauds, or Fantasies?” In Hauntings and Poltergeists: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, edited by James Houran and Rense Lange. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, pp. 214–23

  ———. 2004. The Mystery Chronicles. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

  Southwell, David, and Sean Twist. 2004. Conspiracy Files. New York: Gramercy Books.

  Stein, Gordon. 1993. Encyclopedia of Hoaxes. Detroit: Gale Research.

  West, Red, Sonny West, and Dave Hebler. 1977. Elvis: What Happened? As told to Steve Dunleavy. New York: Ballantine.

  Wilson, Sheryl C., and Theodore X. Barber. 1983. “The Fantasy-Prone Personality: Implications for Understanding Imagery, Hypnosis, and Parapsychological Phenomena.” In Imagery, Current Theory, Research and Application, edited by Anees A. Sheikh. New York: Wiley, pp. 340–90.

  CHAPTER 9. ENCOUNTERING PHANTOM SOLDIERS

  Belanger, Jeff. 2006.“Civil War Re-enactors and the Ghost Experience.” http://www.ghostvillage.com/legends/2006/legends44_09152006.shtml (accessed September 7, 2011).

  Evans, Hilary, and Patrick Huyghe. 2000. The Field Guide to Ghosts and Other Apparitions. New York: Quill.

  “Ghosts.” 2006. The Civil War Reenactors. http://www.cwreenactors.com/ (accessed September 7, 2011).

  Haining, Peter. 1993. A Dictionary of Ghosts. New York: Dorset.

  Hauck, Dennis William. 1996. Haunted Places: The National Directory. New York: Penguin.

  Hawkins, Jonathan M. 2011. Interview by Joe Nickell at Kennesaw Mountain Battlefield, September 4.

  “Mistaken for a Ghost?” 2011. Posting for Facebook group Civil War Reenactors. http://www.facebook.com (accessed September 7, 2011). This posting is no longer available online.

  Nesbitt, Mark. 1991. Ghosts of Gettysburg: Spirits, Apparitions, and Haunted Places of the Battlefield. Gettysburg, PA: Thomas.

  Nickell, Joe. 1995. Entities: Angels, Spirits, Demons, and Other Alien Beings. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.

  ———. 2011. Tracking the Man-Beasts: Sasquatch, Vampires, Zombies, and More. Amherst: NY: Prometheus Books.

  O'Day, Patty. 1993. Interview by Joe Nickell, June 8.

  Winfield, Mason. 2009. Ghosts of 1812: History, Folklore, Tradition, and the Niagara War. Buffalo, NY: Western New York Wares.

  CHAPTER 10. CONJURING GHOSTS

  Crocitto, John. “The Van Horn Mansion.” Examiner, May 7, 2010. www.examiner.com/paranormal-travel-in-buffalo/the-van-horn-mansion (accessed September 13, 2011).

  Ganz, Kathleen. 1989. “‘Ghosts’ Haunt Van Horn Mansion.” Union-Sun Journal (Lockport, NY), June 3.

  “The Ghost of the Van Horn Mansion.” 2011. http://www.angelfire.com/ny4/bigT/adventure.html (accessed September 14, 2011).

  “Ghosts, Dollhouses at Home at Landmark Bertie Hall.” N.d. Unidentified newspaper clipping (datelined Fort Erie, ON) displayed at Van Horn Mansion.

  Hauck, Dennis William. 1996. Haunted Places: The National Directory. New York: Penguin.

  Heck, Judson H. N.d. [ca. 1979.] Malinda Van Horn tombstone. Typescript report of town of Newfane historian. Copy in Nickell 2011 (below).

  ———. 1988. “Van Horn Mansion Has Colorful History.” Union-Sun Journal(Lockport, NY), October 8.

  ———. 1989. “Van Horn Mansion Has a Lot of Spirit.” Union-Sun Journal(Lockport, NY), January 2.

  Lee, Helene R. 2008. “The Van Horns.” Western New York Heritage 10, no. 4 (Winter): 58–65.

  Nelson, Bill. 1970. “Do Spirits Hover inside Van Horn? These People Think So!” Union Sun and Journal(Lockport, NY), October 31.

  Nickell, Joe. 2001. Real-Life X-Files. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

  ———. 2004. The Mystery Chronicles: More Real-Life X-Files. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

  ———. 2011. Van Horn Mansion file (begun 2003) in author's case files, accessed and updated during September 2011.

  Sherwood, Anne. 1986. “Newfane Historical Society Plans to Restore Fabled Bit of the Past.” Buffalo News, June 9.

  Smitten, Susan. 2004. Ghost Stories of New York State. Auburn, WA: Lone Pine.

  Townsend, Avis A. 2005. Newfane and Olcott. Charleston, SC: Arcadia.

  “The Van Horn Mansion.” 2011. http://www.angelfire.com/ny4/miaja38/vanhorn.html (accessed September 14, 2011).

  Winfield, Mason. 1997. Shadows of the Western Door: Haunted Sites and Ancient Mysteries of Upstate New York. Buffalo, NY: Western New York Wares.

  ———. 2003. Haunted Places of Western New York. Buffalo, NY: Western New York Wares.

  Wiseman, Sharon. 2000. “Re: Melinda [sic] Van Horn & Van Horn Mansion.” July 27. http://genforum.genealogy.com/vanhorn/messages/657.html (accessed September 14, 2011).

  CHAPTER 11. ANIMAL SPIRITS

  Baker, Robert A. 1990. They Call It Hypnosis. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.

  Cohen, Daniel. 1989. The Encyclopedia of Ghosts. New York: Dorset.

  Cooper, Paulette, and Paul Noble. 1996. 100 Top Psychics in America. New York: Pocket Books.

  Guiley, Rosemary Ellen. 2000. The Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits. New York: Checkmark Books.

  Psychic Pets and Spirit Animals. 1996. New York: Gramercy Books.

  Schäuble, Rosemarie. 2002. Interview by Joe Nickell, October 10.

  CHAPTER 12. GHOST OF AN ALASKAN MURDERER

  Adams, Joshua. N.d. The Life and Times of the Alaskan Hotel. 2nd ed. Privately printed.

  ———. 2006. “A Brief Walking Tour of the Alaskan Hotel.” Computer printout supplied by Joshua Adams to Joe Nickell.

  Murdoch, John. 1885. “Ethnological Results of the Point Barrow Expedition (1881–1883).” In Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, edited by J. W. Powell. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1892 [1893]. Cited in Wendt 2002 (below).

  Nickell, Joe. 1995. Entities: Angels, Spirits, Demons, and Other Alien Beings. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.

  ———. 2000. “Haunted Inns.” Skeptical Inquirer 24, no. 5 (September/October): 17–21.

  ———. 2006. “Ghost Hunters.” Skeptical Inquirer 30, no. 5 (September/October): 23–26.

  Thompson, Stith. 1955. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature. Rev. ed. 6 vols. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

  Wendt, Ron. 2002. Haunted Alaska: Ghost Stories from the Far North. Kenmore, WA: Epicenter.

  CHAPTER 13. LIGHTHOUSE SPECTERS

  Brunvand, Jan Harold. 1978. The Study of American Folklore: An Introduction. 2nd ed. New York: W. W. Norton.

  Christopher, Milbourne. 1970. ESP, Seers, and Psychics. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell.

  Elizabeth, Norma, and Bruce Roberts. 1999. Lighthouse Ghosts: 13 Bona Fide Apparitions Standing Watch over America's Shores. Birmingham, AL: Crane Hill.

  ———. 2004. Lighthouse Ghosts and Carolina Coastal Legends. Morehead City, NC: Light house Publications.

  Grant, John, and Ray Jones. 2002. Legendary Lighthouses. Vol. 2. Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot.

  Guiley, Rosemary Ellen. 2000. The Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits. New York: Checkmark Books.

  Hermanson, Don. N.d. True Lighthouse Hauntings. VHS. Houghton, MI: Keweenaw Video Productions.
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  Nickell, Joe. 1995. Entities: Angels, Spirits, Demons, and Other Alien Beings. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.

  ———. 2001. “Phantoms, Frauds, or Fantasies?” In Hauntings and Poltergeists: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, edited by James Houran and Rense Lange. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, pp. 214–23.

  ———. 2008. “Catching Ghosts.” Skeptical Briefs 18, no. 2 (June): 4–6.

  “Peggy's Cove, Lady in Blue.” 2008a. Creepy Canada. http://www.creepy.tv/season2_e3.html (accessed February 18, 2008).

  “Peggy's Cove, Nova Scotia, Lady in Blue.” 2008b. Ghost Study Message Board. http://www.paranormalsoup.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=21962&mode=thread (accessed February 18, 2008).

  “Seul Choix Point Lighthouse on Lake Michigan.” 2005. http://www.exploringthenorth.com/seulchoix/seul.html (accessed October 4, 2005).

  Shanklin, Bob. 1999. Quoted in Elizabeth and Roberts 1999, pp. 15–21 (above).

  Smith, Barbara. 2003. Ghost Stories of the Sea. Edmonton, AB: Lone Pine.

  Stonehouse, Frederick. 1997. Haunted Lakes: Great Lakes Ghost Stories, Superstitions, and Sea Serpents. Duluth, MN: Lake Superior Port Cities.

  ———. 2000. Haunted Lakes II: More Great Ghost Stories. Duluth MN: Lake Superior Port Cities.

  “Thirty Mile Point Light: 2001–2007.” Guest books 1–3, various entries; copies in author's files.

  Thompson, William O. 1998. Lighthouse Legends and Hauntings. Kennebunk, ME: 'scapes Me.

  ———. 2001. Coastal Ghosts and Lighthouse Lore. Kennebunk, ME: 'scapes Me.

  Tyrrell, G. N. M. 1973. Apparitions. London: Society for Psychical Research.

  Zepke, Terrance. 1999. Ghosts of the Carolina Coasts: Haunted Lighthouses, Plantations, and Other Historic Sites. Sarasota, FL: Pine apple.

  CHAPTER 14. THE STORIED LIGHTHOUSE GHOST

  Castle, Darlene, et al. 1979. Yaquina Bay 1778–1978. Newport, OR: Lincoln County Historical Society.

  Davis, Jefferson. 1999. Ghosts, Critters & Sacred Places of Washington and Oregon. Vancouver, WA: Norseman Ventures.

  ———. 2001. A Haunted Tour Guide to the Pacific Northwest. Vancouver, WA: Norseman Ventures.

  Garner, Sue. 2011. Personal communication, July 22.

  Gibson, Scott. 2007. Oregon Lights. DVD. http://www.OregonLightsDVD.com (accessed February 27, 2012).

  Hauck, Dennis William. 1996. Haunted Places: The National Directory. New York: Penguin.

  Miller, Lischen M. 1899. “The Haunted Light. At Newport by the Sea.” Pacific Monthly 2, no. 4 (August): 172–75.

  Norman, Michael, and Beth Scott. 1995. Historic Haunted America. New York: Tom Doherty Associates.

  “Yaquina Bay Lighthouse History.” 2011. http://www.splintercat.org/YaquinaBayLighthouse/YaquinaBayHistory.html (accessed July 2, 2011).

  CHAPTER 15. PIRATE'S GHOSTS

  Beck, Horace. 1973. Folklore and the Seas. Edison, NJ: Castle Books.

  Belanger, Jeff. 2005. Encyclopedia of Haunted Places: Ghostly Locales from around the World. Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Page Books.

  Benet's Reader's Encyclopedia. 1987. 3rd ed. New York: Harper & Row.

  Bultman, Bethany Ewald. 1998. New Orleans. Oakland, CA: Compass American Guides.

  “Captain Flint.” 2009. Wikipedia, http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Flint (accessed March 16, 2009).

  Cawthorne, Nigel. 2005. A History of Pirates: Blood and Thunder on the High Seas. Edison, NJ: Chartwell Books.

  Cook, Samantha. 1999. New Orleans: The Mini Rough Guide. New York: Rough Guides.

  Crooker, William S. 1993. Oak Island Gold. Halifax, NS: Nimbus.

  D'Agostino, Thomas. 2008. Pirate Ghosts and Phantom Ships. Atglen, PA: Schiffer.

  Dickinson, Joy. 1997. Haunted City: An Unauthorized Guide to the Magical, Magnificent New Orleans of Anne Rice. Secaucus, NJ: Citadel.

  Downs, Tom, and John T. Edge. 2000. New Orleans. 2nd ed. Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia: Lonely Planet.

  Elizabeth, Norma, and Bruce Roberts. 2004. Lighthouse Ghosts and Carolina Coastal Legends. Morehead City, NC: Light house Publications.

  Groom, Winston. 2006. Patriot Fire. New York: Knopf.

  Hauck, Dennis William. 1996. Haunted Places: The National Directory. New York: Penguin.

  Herczog, Mary. 2000. Frommer's 2001 New Orleans. Foster City, CA: IDG Books World wide.

  “History.” 2009. The Pirates’ House. http://www.thepirateshouse.com/history.html (accessed March 13, 2009).

  Howard, Julia. 2006. Interview by Joe Nickell, April 11.

  Klein, Shelley. 2006. The Most Evil Pirates in History. New York: Barnes & Noble.

  Klein, Victor C. 1999. New Orleans Ghosts II. Metairie, LA: Lycanthrope.

  “The Legend of the Pirates’ House.” 2009. http://www.bestreadguide.excursia.com/destinations/USA/GA/savannah/stories/20000712/att_pirates.shtml/ (accessed March 13, 2009).

  Nickell, Joe. 1994. Camera Clues: A Handbook for Photographic Investigation. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

  ———. 1995. Entities: Angels, Spirits, Demons, and Other Alien Beings. Amherst, NY: Pro metheus Books.

  ———. 2001. Real-Life X-Files: Investigating the Paranormal. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

  ———. 2006. “Headless Ghosts I Have Known.” Skeptical Briefs 16, no. 4 (December): 2–4.

  ———. 2008. “Photoghosts: Images of the Spirit Realm?” Skeptical Inquirer 32, no. 4 (July/August): 54–56.

  Nott, G. William. 1928. A Tour of the Vieux Carré. New Orleans: Tropical Printing.

  O'Connor, D'Arcy. 1988. The Big Dig: The $10 Million Search for Oak Island's Legendary Treasure. New York: Ballantine.

  Pickering, David. 2006. Pirates. London: HarperCollins.

  “Pirate's Alley Café Reviews.” 2009. http://www.tripadvisor.com/Search?returnTo=__2F__&q=Pirates+Alley+Caf%C3%A9&sub-search.x=0&subsearch.y=0&subsearch=Go&geo=1 (accessed March 13, 2009).

  Rondthaler, Alice K. N.d. The Story of Ocracoke (pamphlet). Ocracoke, NC: Channel.

  Shute, Nancy. 2002. “Kidding about the Captain.” U.S. News and World Report, August 26–September 2, p. 52.

  Sillery, Barbara. 2001. The Haunting of Louisiana. Gretna, LA: Pelican.

  Thompson, Stith. 1955. Motif-Index of Folk-Literature. Rev. ed. 6 vols. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.

  Walser, Richard. 1980. North Carolina Legends. Raleigh: North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources.

  Wilson, Sheryl C., and Theodore X. Barber. 1983. “The Fantasy-Prone Personality: Implications for Understanding Imagery, Hypnosis, and Parapsychological Phenomena.” In Imagery, Current Theory, Research and Application, edited by Anees A. Sheikh. New York: Wiley, pp. 340–90.

  CHAPTER 16. AN AUSTRIAN CASTLE HAUNTED BY PARACELSUS?

  Chevallier, Andrew. 1996. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. New York: DK.

  Collier's Encyclopedia. 1993. New York: P. F. Collier.

  Cridlan, Avril, ed. 1997. Webster's New Universal Encyclopedia. New York: Barnes & Noble.

  D'Emilio, Frances. 2008. “Pope Visits Grotto in Lourdes, Calls Attention to Faith.” Buffalo News, September 14.

  Hauck, Dennis William. 2000. The International Directory of Haunted Places. New York: Penguin.

  Nickell, Joe. 1995. Entities: Angels, Spirits, Demons, and Other Alien Beings. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.

  ———. 1996. “Ghostly Photos.” Skeptical Inquirer 20, no. 4 (July/August): 13–14.

  ———. 2007. Adventures in Paranormal Investigation. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.

  “Paracelsus.” 2008. Wikipedia. http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus (accessed September 30, 2008).

  “Salzburg Sightseeing Tours.” N.d. (current 2007). Tourism booklet. Salzburg, Austria: Salzburg Sightseeing.

  Steves, Rick. 2007. Rick Steves’ Germany and Austria 2007. Emeryville, CA: Avalon Travel Publishing.

  “Mirabell Palace and Gardens.” 2007. Salzburg.info. http://www.salzburg.info/en/service/infos/
mirabell-palace-and-gardens_az-259662 (accessed May 21, 2007).

  CHAPTER 17. INCARCERATED GHOSTS

  Brownstone, David M., and Irene M. Franck. 1989. Historic Places of Early America. New York: Atheneum.

  Cain, Suzy. 1997. A Ghostly Experience: Tales of St. Augustine. St. Augustine, FL: Tour Saint Augustine.

  Cipriani, John. 2004. Interview by Joe Nickell, March 23.

  Davis, Richard. 1998. The Ghost Guide to Australia. Sydney, Australia: Bantam Books.

  Dickens, Charles. 1842. “Philadelphia and Its Solitary Prison.” Chap. 7 of American Notes for General Circulation. London: Chapman and Hall. Available online at Project Gutenberg. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/675 (accessed February 27, 2012).

  Greco, Gail. 1994. The Romance of Country Inns. Nashville, TN: Rutledge Hill.

  Hauck, Dennis William. 1996. Haunted Places: The National Directory. New York: Penguin.

  “Haunted Jail.” 1909. Unidentified newspaper clipping (courtesy of Jailer's Inn) dated May 21, reprinting a story signed Bardstown Record.

  Hawes, Jason, and Grant Wilson (with Michael Jan Friedman). 2007. Ghost Hunting: True Stories of Unexplained Phenomena from the Atlantic Paranormal Society. New York: Pocket Books.

  Hurst, Ann. 1993. Interview by Joe Nickell, November 12.

  Lapham, Dave. 1997. Ghosts of St. Augustine. Sarasota, FL: Pineapple.

  Lawrence, Cathy. 1993. Interview by Joe Nickell, November 12.

  McCoy, Fran. 1993. Interview by Joe Nickell, November 12.

  Moore, Joyce Elson. 1998. Haunt Hunter's Guide to Florida. Sarasota, FL: Pineapple.

  Nickell, Joe. 2001. “Mysterious Australia.” Skeptical Inquirer 25, no. 2 (March/April): 15–18.

  ———. 2008. “Entombed Alive!” Skeptical Inquirer 32, no. 2 (March/April): 17–20.

  Sarro, Katharine. 2008. Philadelphia Haunts. Atglen, PA: Schiffer.

  Smith, Terry L., and Mark Jean. 2003. Haunted Inns of America: National Directory of Haunted Hotels and Bed & Breakfast Inns. Birmingham, AL: Crane Hill.

  CHAPTER 18. CONVICT SPECTERS AT ALCATRAZ

  “Alcatraz Hauntings.” 2007. Cited in Vercillo 2008, p. 118 (below).

  Blackwell, O. G. (Alcatraz warden). 1962. “Reports to Bureau of Prisons.” Cited in Esslinger 2003, pp. 403–10 (below).