The power broker : Robert Moses and the fall of New York

by Caro, Robert A

  see also architects; engineers

  Mosholu Parkway, 8, 544

  Moskowitz, Henry, 72-3, 75, 77, 80, 82, 84, 85, 86, 88, 92, 98, 99, 123, 322, 348:408,413

  Moskowitz, Mrs. Henry (Belle), 91-3, 123, 202-3, 292, 297, 574; RM and, 88, 98-100, 102, 130, 135, 174, 188, 200, 274, 580; Smith and, 91, 94, 101, 128, 129, 137-8, 171, 215, 274, 280, 286, 291, 294, 295, 296, 320; and state governmental reorganization, 93, 95-6, 98-100, 102, 103, 104, 106, 108, 109, no, 130, 141

  Mould, Jacob Wrey, 335, 984

  Mount Morris Park, 337, 373, 493

  Mulcahy, John, 892

  Mulcahy, John A., 741

  Mumford, Lewis, 12, 471, 578, 902, 908, 913, 915-16, 1095

  Municipal Civil Service Commission, 70, 72-82, 84, 85, 112, 242, 348, 472, 621

  Municipal Forum of New York, 732

  Murphy, Charles F., 94, 121-2, 125, 126, 127-8, 210, 283, 285, 351, 713, 719

  Murray, Mae, 986

  N

  Nassau County, 145, 150, 157, 158, 212, 708, 908, 935, 1152; contractors and politicians in, 738; corruption in, 209, 311, 714; Democratic Party in, 311; developers in, 898-9, 945; and L. I. State Park Commission, 174, 175, 210, 212, 312; mass transit needs, 928, 958; Planning Board, 944, 946 n. population growth, 898, 899, 943, 945; Republican Party, 152, 204-5, 208-9, 311, 405, 478, 714, 734; see also Long Island

  Nassau County Bridge Authority, 1051

  Nassau Expressway, 6, 918, 925

  Nassau Management Company Inc., 875, 878-85 passim, 1017, 1018

  Nassau-Suffolk Regional Planning Board, 944, 956-8

  Nathan, Edgar J., Jr., 900

  Nation, The, 369, 1020

  National Park Service, 683-4

  Negroes, in N.Y.C., 491-2, 796, 961-2, 964; discouraged at Jones Beach, 318-19, 514; eviction of, 968, 969, 972; ghettos of, 858-9, 965; in government posts, 804-5; i n integrated neighborhoods, 857-9, 888, 890, 970-1; lack of public works for, 490, 491-2, 510-12, 557-6o, 834; mixing with whites discouraged, 318-319, 513-14; RM's prejudice against, 242, 318-19, 490, 512, 513-14, 533, 557-6o, 578, 579, 736, 834, 1086 n.,

  Negroes (cont.)

  iioi; and public housing, 855-6; unions' prejudice against, 736; see also Harlem

  Nevins, Allan, 415

  Newark Airport, 767

  New Deal: communism and, 471, 574; and public works, 362, 372, 426, 465, 557, 616, 620; Republican Party and, 403, 406, 407; social welfare policies of, 357, 403, 405, 468, 574; see also individual agencies

  New England Thruway, 841 and n., 896

  New Haven Railroad, 933, 939, 1135

  New Jersey, 342, 545, 900; competition between roads and mass transit in, 898, 912, 929; interstate highway system in, 921, 922, 924, 940; Metropolitan Rapid Transit Commission of, 924; and Port of N.Y. Authority, 616 and n., 921, 1133

  Newman, Arnold, 985-6, 994, 1001, 1022, 1034

  Newman, Mrs. Arnold, 985-6, 990, 994, 1001, 1022

  Newsday, 763, 814, 824, 949, 1033, 1079, 1095, 1107, 1108, mi, 1136, 1144, 1161; RM's column in, 1150, 1157, 1158

  Newsweek, 1038, 1094

  New York American, 432

  New York Central, 65-7, 83, 526-30, 532, 541, 545, 549, 557, 560, 841 and n., 898

  New York City: crime, 20, 511-12, 524, 861, 882, 888, 889, 890, 893, 964; Depression in, 323-4, 325, 326, 327, 329, 336, 340, 344, 346, 347, 370, 374, 376, 521, 526, 610, 760; harbor, 647-8, 653, 659, 666-7; Jews, 26, 30, 33-4, 49, 353, 354, 851-93 passim-, Master Plan, 20, 765, 766, 776, 780-6 passim, 792-4, 794, 799, 904, 908; RM's shaping of, 5-8, 19-21, 464-5, 467, 468, 508-9, 549, 556, 677, 704, 711, 752, 753-4, 776, 797, 806, 828-30, 919, 969, 983, 1006-7, 1153; poor of, 20, 559, 611, 758-60, 777, 791, 796, 804, 881-2, 893-4, 900-1, 964-5, 968-76, 979, 1086 n.; population, 30, 143, 156, 325-6, 464, 747, 780--1; real estate developers, 337-8, 340, 481, 753, 781; real estate interests, 611-12, 769, 785, 845; recreational needs, 10, 143-5, 147-8, 151, 153-6, 159, 161, 194-5, 238, 275, 288, 328, 341, 342-3, 378, 388, 481, 482, 834, 896, 1151; sense of history in, 648-9, 650-2; skyline, 647, 653, 829; slums, 20, 26, 143, 336-7, 374, 489-93, 509-12, 570, 610, 642, 655, 856, 857, 858, 889, 901, 965-6, 969-76, 1007, 1024, 1153;

  Xvji

  waterfront, 544 r, 49i 55 g_ 9i J( 564, 566, 82s Government 1

  Negroes; Puerto Kicans; nui portation: traffic congestion; and individual boroughs New York City, finances of: 326-7,

  346, 620, 641-3, 715, 747) 7SI> 757-62, 771-2, 791, 795, 907, 1130-1, 1132-3, 1134; bonds, 731, 795-6; budget, 326-7, 445, 620, 641, 746, 757-8, 796; debt, 326-7, 620, 641-3, 75i n., 757, 758, 762, 791, 796; Sinking Funds, 375, 377, 449, 450,

  451, 470; taxes, 757-63; taxes, property, 17, 620, 646-7, 658, 665, 759-6o, 772, 774, 851, 869, 968, 1009; taxes, sales, 759-62 passim, 791; see also corruption and honest graft; New York City, public works in, N.Y.C. Board of Estimate; N.Y.C. Council

  New York City, government of: administrative chaos in, 61, 326-7; Board of Aldermen, 81, 94, 128, 444,

  452, 464, 478, 506, 713, 1082; centralization of power, 744-5; Charter, 3, 464, 468, 470, 475, 478, 534, 569, 704-5, 744-6 and n., 750, 751, 782, 800; civil service, 122, 328, 368, 472-3, 620-1, 797, 908; civil service reorganization plan, 4-5, 19, 70-82, 83-5; Code of Ethics, 1061, 1062, 1090; county organizations, 743-50, 866, ion, 1056; courts, 351, 712; Democrats in, 18,

  347, 349, 351, 359, 711-12, 718, 763; federal funds for public works,

  see New York City, public works in; federal government and, 463-4, 704, 717, 745; and N.Y. Central, 526-30; officials and RM, 14-15, 344, 468-75, 500-1, 506, 507, 643, 666-7, 670, 728-9, 740, 743, 747-50, 844-5, 848, 927-8, 1008, 1016-17; public and, 464-5, 657, 664, 677, 744, 752, 763, 768-9, 880-1, 883, 892; reformers and, 60-5, 82, 84, 91-3, 327, 336, 347-356, 438, 770-1, 782; Republicans in, 347, 353, 356, 359, 404, 682, 700, 734; state funds for public works, see New York City, public works in; and state government, 620, 703, 717, 757-8, 761-2, 791, 1056, 1134; see also corruption and honest graft; N.Y.C. Board of Estimate; N.Y.C. Council; N.Y.C. Planning Commission; patronage; Tammany Hall; and individual departments and mayors New York City, public works in: bitterness of poor over lack of, 20, 491, 510-12, 974; borough presidents and,

  XVlll

  New York City public works in (cont.) 743-51; competitive bidding on, 717, 726; condemnations, 328, 344, 570, 609-10, 779, 797, 829, 837, 841; cost, 9, 328, 331, 336, 343-5, 465, 526, 571, 657-8, 665-6, 757, 843, 845, 921, 927 and n., 1065, 1086, 1113; exemplars for other cities and countries, 571-2, 894; funds for, city, 17, 332, 340, 343-6, 387, 395, 476, 532, 534, 537, 538, 550-1, 620. 622, 635, 640-1, 642, 644, 658, 660, 681, 686, 715, 737, 747, 750, 757, 768-9, 774, 795, 845, 867-8, 871, 900-1, 904, 907, 909, 920, 930, 1085, 1087, 1090-1, 1102, 1107, mi, 1112, 1114; funds for, federal, 9, 12, 345-6, 359-6o, 362-3, 368-70, 372, 387, 390, 392, 394, 395, 426, 428-43 passim, 451, 453, 463-5, 467, 468, 474, 475, 476, 487, 491, 513, 532-8 passim, 540, 549, 550, 568, 581, 607, 608-10, 622, 640-1, 644, 674-5, 687, 703-7, 7ii, 7H-I5, 717, 737, 747, 750, 752, 769, 783-5, 795, 796-7, 845, 865, 867-8, 871, 886, 921, 922, 925, 930, 1056, 1085, 1087, 1114, 1120, 1131; funds for, state, 17, 532, 550, 635, 705, 714-15, 717, 737, 747, 750, 769, 795, 796-7, 845, 865, 871, 872, 885, 900-1, 904, 921, 925, 930, 1084-5, 1087, 1114, 1120, 1131; lack of governmental expertise for, 328, 340, 344, 622; land for, 26, 143, 336, 337, 340, 343, 344, 389-90, 494, 750, 903-4, 907; L.I. property for, 157-9, 161-2, 175, 182, 205, 212, 835; maintenance, 327, 346, 641-2, 643, 796, 920, 932-3, 1136; RM's accomplishments, 9, 20, 378-80, 383-5, 452, 454-7, 46o, 463, 508-9, 512-17 passim, 540, 551, 614, 619, 828-30, 843-4, 850, 1018-19, 1091, 1129, 1152-3, 1156; RM's authorities, 534-9, 617-23 passim, 640-1, 663, 676, 689, 715-18, 727, 732, 737, 747, 749-50, 769, 771, 779, 784, 795, 885, 920-1, 925-6, mi, 1113-14, 1129, 1130-1; RM's control over, 7-8, 464-5, 622, 694-5, 700-1, 702, 705-7, 710-11, 717-22 passim, 111, 746-54, 784, 795, 797, 878, 900-1, 923-4, 927-8, 1065, 1120; RM's dreams for, 4-5, 19, 65-7, 343, 365, 468, 495, 508, 525-6, 545, 551, 552, 921, 923, 926, 1082-7, 1092, 1152-3; RM's plans for, 65-7, 339~
45, 365-7, 453-4, 468, 484, 485, 494-5, 619, 622, 627, 703-4, 747, 758, 782, 839, 885, 896-8, 918, 923, 925, mi; RM's studies for, 4, 65-6, 340-1, 364, 387, 452, 834; RM's veto power over, from state, 710, 924;

  need for, 19, 327-8, 344, 774, 833-4; need of poor for, 20, 26, 143, 335, 337, 374, 378, 481, 482, 489-93, 509-12, 514, 533, 546-7, 559, 578, 613-14, 687, 747, 779, 901; neighborhood need of, and disruption by, 7, 19, 478-80, 481, 483, 488, 509, 520-5, 542-4, 545, 669, 706, 748-9, 786, 793, 799, 847, 860-1, 880-3, 888, 893, 963-6, 969-76, 1006, 1007, 1018; non-Moses-approved construction, 9, 324, 328, 451, 462-5, 470, 491, 614, 640, 642-3, 644, 757, 759, 767, 770, 772, 795, 904, 928; openings, 454~7, 508-9, 552, 566, 682, 696-7, 779, 825, 911, 1129, 1156, 1157; tenant eviction and relocation for, 7, 19, 21, 336, 344, 464, 847-9, 919, 1017, 1022, 1025; tolls and admissions fees, 686-7, 694-5, 732, 733, 795, 909, 9ii, 920, 1118; use (intensive) by public, 385, 488, 514-15, 687; see also corruption and honest graft; housing; N.Y.C. Coordinator of Construction; N.Y.C. Park Department; relocation and eviction practices; transportation; and individual categories, government agencies, and projects

  N.Y.C. Airport Authority, 758-63 passim, 766-7

  N.Y.C. Board of Education, 462-3, 470, 566

  N.Y.C. Board of Estimate, 4, 61, 62, 81, 444, 464, 470, 645, 656, 705, 789, 998, 1000, 1037, 1104; Battery Crossing fight, 646, 670, 677; borough presidents on, 743-50, 866, 927-8; civil service reform, 80-1, 84; and corruption, 714, 716; Cross-Bronx Expressway route, 866-8, 870-5; lack of control over public authorities, 746-7, 750-1; and land use control, 750; and Master Plan, 783, 792; RM and, 475-7, 500-1, 502, 507, 522, 548-9, 570, 573, 614, 623, 706, 707, 750-1, 766, 775, 794, 802, 831, 844; opposition to RM on, 477, 502, 549, 750, 766, 775, 794-5, 867-8, 870-4, 927-8; and public works, 343, 345, 346, 395, 475, 533, 546, 642-4, 681, 682-3, 685, 744, 746, 748, 770, 772, 783; and tenant eviction, 752, 766, 968; and Title I, 979, 1010, 1011-12, 1014-15, 1057; and UN, 774

  N.Y.C. Coordinator of Construction, RM as, 3, 700, 707, 760, 764, 767, 776-7, 789, 800, 883-4, 918, 988, 1056, 1061, 1063, 1099; bill drafting, 704-5; as broker for state and federal funds, 705-7, 737, 747, 750, 752, 761, 769, 801, 871, 897, 900-1, 1056;

  N.Y.C. Coordinator of Construction (cont.) falsification of facts, 705; planning efficiency of, 922; plans of, 703-4, 747,

  758, 782; powers of, 704-7, 801, 803; public relations, 916; and UN, 771-5; see also corruption and honest

  graft; housing; New York City, public works in N.Y.C. Council, 350, 705, 745, 787, 1128-9; and Battery Crossing fight, 660, 663-8, 670; RM and, 478, 625,

  677, 752, 794, 844; Tammany-dominated, 473, 714

  N.Y.C. Fine Arts Federation, 663 N.Y.C. Health Department, 62, 1008-9 N.Y.C. Housing Authority, 430, 449,

  610-11, 613, 729, 758, 768, 883, 966;

  board of, 706; corruption in, 724,

  725-6, 1047; funds for, 714, 768, 805;

  RM's control of, 7, 706-7, 714, 726-7,

  759, 762, 763, 767, 775, 777, 797, 802, 803, 804-5, 882, 969

  N.Y.C. Housing Redevelopment Board, 891

  N.Y.C. Municipal Art Commission, 468, 547, 568, 685

  N.Y.C. Park Commissioner, RM as, 3, 427, 458-62, 478, 512, 763, 764, 800, 1056, 1060, 1063-5, 1084, 1133; accomplishments, 7, 372-4, 378-80, 383-5, 452, 454-7, 46o, 508-9, 512-17 passim, 551, 570, 633, 829, 830, 1022; acquisition of land, 374-8, 489, 570; banned public transportation in parks, 492-3; Battle of Central Park, 984-1004, 1016, 1022; and concessionaires, 399, 614, 825, 997-1002; consulted by other cities and countries, 571-2; falsified facts, 549, 556-7, 679-80, 683-5, 688; knowledge of federal and state statutes, 528-31, 532; lack of interest, 486-7, 489; and La Guardia, 445, 446-57, 462-3, 568, 607-14, 620, 635; planning efficiency of, 360, 453, 463, 464, 487, 531-2, 549, 622; power of, 360-2, 399-400, 464-5, 474, 500, 507, 526, 548-9, 613,

  678, 681, 683, 805, 996-7, 1000, 1036-9; public relations, 406, 457-8, 553-4, 556, 566, 573, 611-12, 623, 706; Shakespeare Festival, 1026-39, 1041, 1049; speed, demands for, 369-72, 381, 460, 463, 464, 468-9, 474, 475,

  478, 483, 486, 487, 549-52, 569, 622; techniques of, 475, 495, 507, 520, 535, 548-9, 569-70; see also N.Y.C. Park Department; New York City, public works in; and individual categories and projects N.Y.C. Park Department, 892; budget, 13, 322; Arsenal as headquarters, 334, 368, 369, 371, 381, 383, 458; band, 373, 455; civil service in, 368, 472;

  CWA assistance in, 36J

  372, 380, 383, 3 ,

  RM's men and, $4". ^60, 363

  372,450, 453 ;

  572, 993, 1063 M men,

  speed demand , 73, 381; parki,

  7, 20, 210, 331-8, 343-4, 36o, 363,

  367, 372-3, 458, 481-3, 508, 846, 921, 989; parks, conservation in, 481-2, 494-5, 545; parks, new construction in, 373, 374; parks, recreation in, 335, 372, 373, 374, 385, 389-90, 481-2, 494, 556; parks, renovation of, 7, 363-4, 370-4, 896, 989; parks, small, 482-3, 486, 489-90, 492; ramrods in, 370, 381; standard designs, 486, 487-8; Tammany patronage in, 331-2, 334, 335-6, 494, 740, 989; unequal share of land and funds for, 462-3, 470; unified, 360,

  368, 468, 548; WPA workers in, 451-2, 457, 464, 989;

  see also individual parks N.Y.C. Parking Authority, proposed, 919 N.Y.C. Planning Commission, 596-7, 659, 663, 677, 729, 745, 805, 1148; duplication in planning, 781; funds for, 781, 783; land use, 750, 781; Master Plan, 20, 765, 766, 776, 780-6 passim, 792-4, 799, 904, 908, 966; RM and, 3, 700, 742, 757, 763, 764, 767, 770, 775, 781-2, 793, 799, 800, 872, 908, 962, 977, 1061, 1063; rezoning study, 785, 792-3; Title I, 781, 976-7, 1058; underground unit of, 966-9, 976-9, 983, 1006, 1025; Wagner and, 799 N.Y.C. Plants and Structures Department,

  449

  N.Y.C. Police Department, 325, 448, 450, 451, 473, 712, 787, 1019-20

  N.Y.C. Real Estate Bureau, 862, 875, 880-1, 967, 974, 1017, 1025

  N.Y.C. Tenant Relocation Bureau, 861

  N.Y.C. Transit Authority, 791, 929, 1019, 1086 «.; deficits, 1132-3, 1136; merged with MTA, 1135, 1140, 1143; proposed merger with Triborough Authority, 1118-29

  N.Y.C. Tunnel Authority: Battery Crossing fight, 641-7, 653-4, 657-75, 676, 695; bonds of, 639-40, 690; Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel, 639, 689, 694; funds for, 674-5; merged with Triborough Authority, 693-4, 698, 705, 762; RM's attempt to control, 608-10, 613, 640-1, 689-93, 694; Queens Midtown Tunnel, 607-10, 639, 668, 690, 694; revenues of, 690, 694; and World War II, 690-1, 692, 694

  N.Y.C. Youth Board, 1063

  New York Daily Mirror, 914, 991, 992, 1033

  xx

  New York Daily News, 423, 432, 699-700, 726, 805, 869, 991, 992, 995, 1036, 1074-5, 1150; RM supported and praised, 555, 701, 902, 966, 1033, 1079, 1136, II53-4, 1156, 1159; on Title I, 978, 1059; on traffic problems, 914, 916 New Yorker, The, 914, 915 New York Evening Journal, 378 New York Herald, 130, 136, 333 New York Herald Tribune, 189, 197, 217, 263, 274, 294, 335, 362, 421, 432, 433, 435, 440, 457, 463, 516-17, 57L 573, 662, 672, 674, 679, 683, 685, 696, 701, 712, 716, 719, 760, 764, 770-1, 779, 789, 811, 869, 986, 991, 992, 994, 1000, 1021, 1036, 1096; RM criticized, 417, 776, 1032, 1099, 1108; RM supported and praised, 238, 309, 378, 379, 504, 506, 512, 517, 784, 919, 966, 987, 1015; Title I, 977, 978, 1021-2, 1025, 1048-9, 1054; transportation issues and problems, 895, 902-3, 914, 915-16 New York Journal-American, 471, 991, 992, 995, 1021, 1096; RM praised by, 556, 1079; Title I, 1021-2, 1025, 1048, 1051, 1054; transportation, 916 New York Life Insurance Company, 774 New York Post, 599, 600, 701, 716, 765, 990-1, 992, 1021, 1035, 1065; Cross-Bronx Expressway, 861, 866, 869, 872, 873, 876, 881, 883, 983; mass transit supported, 915-16; RM criticized, 919, 987, 994, 1000-1, 1003, 1033, 1095, 1098; Title I, 966, 977, 979, 1006, 1008, 1009, 1018, 1021, 1024-5, 1040-51 passim, 1054 New York Shakespeare Festival, 1025-39, 1041, 1049; opposition to RM, 1030-4 New York State: budget, 96-7, 106, 260, 261, 281, 307, 312, 1069, 1132, 1135; Constitutional Convention of 1915, 96-7, 104, 126-7; debt, 1069, 1135, 1136-7; Depression in, 313, 319, 345, 369, 404, 528; funds for public works, 17, 164, 167-8, 186, 193, 211, 220, 225,311,312, 313,345,532,550, 610, 635, 677, 70
5, 714-15, 717, 736, 737, 747, 750, 762, 769, 795, 796-7, 817, 819-20, 845, 865, 867-8, 871, 872, 885, 897, 900-1, 904, 921, 925, 930, 1072, 1073, 1084-5, 1087, 1114, 1120, 1131, 1132, 1134-9; Governor of, 96-7, 100, 105, 106-7, 173, 260-1, 315; governorship, RM's campaign for, 402, 405-25, 428, 435, 440, 470, 604, 630, 763, 1001; housing, 261, 610, 611, 714, 756, 759, 768, 802, 804, 805; RM's knowledge of administrative machinery, 141, 261-2, 265, 292, 306-7, 348-9, 376,

  463, 528-31, 532; RM's system of public works, 10, 166-8, 206, 207, 211, 439, 485, 896; and N.Y.C., 620, 703, 717, 757-8, 761-2, 791, 1056, 1134; patronage, 98, 105, 242-3, 256, 262, 305, 465, 707; relationship to Interstate Highway System, 921, 922, 924; taxes, 261, 763, 1135; see also N.Y.S. Legislature; reorganization of New York State government; transportation; and individual departments, governors, public works

  New York State Association, 112, 132-4, 137, 141, 209, 348; park study of, 166-8, 175, 240; State Bulletin of, 132-3, 141, 208, 209; see also reorganization of New York State government

  N.Y.S. Athletic Commission, 264-5, 275

  N.Y.S. Bridge Authority, 345

  N.Y.S. Commission Against

  Discrimination in Housing, 961-2

  N.Y.S. Conservation Department, 172-3, 174; and public works on L.I., 212, 213, 221

  N.Y.S. Council of Parks, 167-8, 172, 177, 195, 200-1, 211, 276, 343, 550, 1071, 1080, 1152; autonomy of, 173, 305; budget for, 172-3, 244-5, 289-90; RM as chairman, 177, 227, 244, 245, 254, 256, 267, 271, 296, 316-18, 340, 368, 399, 423, 500, 656, 764, 824, 835, 1061, 1073, 1074-7, 1133; RM's assault on commissioners, 243-6, 249-55, 290-1, 317; RM's control of, 173, 176, 248, 249, 255-6, 317, 319, 326; RM's deviousness in creating, 173, 175-6, 244-5, 246, 248, 567; philanthropists and, 166, 167, 199-201, 243; regional commissions of, 166, 167, 173, 175-6, 177, 200, 227, 243-4, 245; Rockefeller and, 1073, 1074-7