The power broker : Robert Moses and the fall of New York

by Caro, Robert A

  RELOCATION AND EVICTION PRACTICES;

  United States; and individual categories, projects, and public authorities

  Public Works: A Dangerous Trade (RM), 698, 1154

  Public Works Administration (PWA), 442, 476, 616; aid for N.Y.C., 345-6, 387, 390, 392, 394, 395, 465, 531-2, 538, 608-10, 640-1, 642, 644, 660-1, 704, 745; Ickes as Administrator of, 392, 426, 441-3, 5i6, 53i; RM and, 392, 395, 531, 626; Order Number 129, 430-40, 548, 607; and power struggle between RM and FDR, 427-43

  Puerto Ricans in N.Y.C., 796, 962, 964; eviction of, 968, 969, 972; ghettos of, 965; in integrated neighborhoods, 857-8, 970; mixing with whites discouraged, 513-14; RM's prejudice against, 513-14, 736, 1086 n., 1101; in public housing, 855-6; unions' prejudice against, 736

  Queens, 62, 147; borough president, 743; developers, 143, 338, 481, 898; mass transit needs, 928, 929, 931; parks, 343, 344, 1083-6; parkways, 345; planning for, 794; population growth, 145, 329, 330, 765, 898, 899, 1086; roads, 147, 329, 339-40; South Jamaica, 490, 510; traffic congestion, 329; Triborough

  XXV

  Bridge, 386-7, 388, 390, 392-3 Queensborough Bridge, 146, 330

  391, 516, 517, 518, 742, B9 Queens Boulevard, 147, 339-40, 896 Queens-Midtown Expressway, <> 11 Queens Midtown Funnel. 607-10, 613, 640, 641, 698, 925; cost, 607, 668, 690; earnings, 694 ; 695, 698; funds for, 607-9; traffic congestion, 911 Quill, Mike, 757, 1019

  Rabenold, Ell wood, 139

  Rabinowitz, Aaron, 408

  Racusin, Milton, 1022-3

  railroads, see transportation

  Randall's Island, 386, 387, 389, 395-6, 492, 493, 508, 514-15, 1156; RM's Triborough headquarters, 12-14, 634, 814, 1153; Triborough Stadium, 395, 442, 476, 482, 514-15

  Rankin, J. Lee, 1125, 1127

  Raphaelson, Samuel, 985

  rapid transit, see transportation

  Raskob, John J., 293, 380, 573-4

  Rasweiler, John Jacob, 183

  Rasweiler, P. G., 183

  Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC), 345, 568, 608, 616, 640-1, 674, 675, 690-1, 695

  Reconstruction, Retrenchment and Reorganization Commission, see reorganization of New York State government

  recreation, see parks

  Redlich, Norman, 1125, 1127

  reformers: and civil service, 71-82; and industry, 123-6; and La Guardia, 354-5, 436-7, 645, 700; and mass transit, 515, 519, 900; and Master Plan, 782; and RM, 131, 141, 172, 173, 200, 220, 347-56, 361, 399-400, 435-7, 466, 492-5, 567, 645, 654, 656-7, 671, 688, 833-4; and RM, opposed to, 548, 641-7, 653-4, 656-75, 676, 678-88, 766, 782, 800, 1041, 1119; RM's changing attitude toward, 19, 173-4, 220, 400, 492-5, 567, 645, 653-4, 656-7, 663, 667-70, 679-88, 1041, 1119; in N.Y.C., 60-5, 82, 84, 91-3, 327, 336, 347-56, 438, 645-7, 770-1, 782; in N.Y.S., 104-6, 108, 131-4; and parks, 143, 156-7, 159, 200, 331, 336-8, 340-4, 397, 399-400, 540-9, 552, 560; and parks for the poor, 337, 490-3; and press, 492, 493, 646, 672; and public, 646, 657, 662-3, 666; and slum clearance, 961, 965-6; and Smith, 93-5, 122, 123-4, 126, 127-8, 129, 157; and social welfare measures, 94, 95, 100, 132; see also Bureau of Municipal Research;

  xxvi

  reformers (cont.)

  Fusion Party; Good Government

  organizations Regional Plan Assn., 547, 548, 568, 654,

  659, 665-7, 943; transportation,

  515, 519, 614, 897, 913, 916-17,

  946 n. Reid, Ogden Mills, 1-2, 43-4, 457 Reid & Co., C. J., 718-19 Reidel, John, 793 Reidy, Peter, 742 Reles, Abe, 756

  RELOCATION AND EVICTION

  PRACTICES:

  general information: RM's indifference to people, 765-6, 777, 847-9, 860, 866, 876, 967-9, 972-3, 976-7; Moses Men, 879; N.Y.C. Board of Estimate, 752, 766, 968; nonwhites, 962, 968, 969, 972; public works, 7, 19, 21, 336, 464, 768, 847-9, 919, 1017, 1022, 1025; Tammany Hall and, 336; UN, 19-20

  expressways and parkways, II, 19, 344, 766, 779, 797, 837-8, 848-9, 919, 968, 1017, 1022; Cross-Bronx Expressway, 848, 860-3, 866, 870, 875, 878-82, 884, 983, 986, 1050; Gowanus Parkway, 522; Northern State Parkway, 279-80, 301; Southern State Parkway, 183

  Title I, 777-8, 797; Fordham University, 741; housing and slum clearance, 7, 12, 752, 777-8, 797, 804, 965-79, 1017, 1025, 1062; liberals and, 965-8; Lincoln Center, 19-20, 741, 830, 986, 1013-14; Manhattantown, 962-3, 965, 970-6, 978, 983, 986

  reorganization of New York State government, 93, 95-111, 260-2, 265, 292, 656, 1071; administrative chaos, 96-7, 104; Bureau of Municipal Research, 96-8, 104, 106, 107, 126; campaign for adoption, 108-10; Citizens Committee, 108-11; consolidation of functions, 97, 105, 106-7, no, in, 141, 172, 260-1; executive budget, 106-7, ill, 137, 260, 261; Governor, 96-7, 100, 105, 106-7, 173, 260-1; Legislature, 96-7, 103, 108-11, 137, 141, 260; RM's role in, 93, 97-ni, 112, 130-2, 137, Mi, 165, 172, 173, 181, 260-2, 265, 292, 656, 709; Belle Moskowitz and, 93, 95-6, 98-100, 102, 103, 104, 106, 108, 109, no, 130, 141; New York State Association, 112, 131-2, 137, 166; Reconstruction, Retrenchment and Reorganization Commission, 95-1 n, 130, 131, 165-6, 172, 173, 260-2, 376, 709; Republican Party, 95-6,

  99-101, 109-n; Smith and, 93, 99-100, 101, 103, 108-n, 126, 129, 141,261 Republican Party, 217, 257; honest graft in, 712, 716, 719, 730; L.I. barons in, 152, 156, 176, 189, 191, 201, 205, 217, 402-3, 404; RM enrolled in, 402, 630; in Nassau County, 152, 204-5, 208-9, 3ii, 405, 478, 714, 734; and New Deal, 403, 406, 407; in N.Y.C, 347, 353, 356, 359, 404, 682, 700, 734; in N.Y.S. Legislature, 100, 101, no-n, 122, 124, 125-6, 137, 139, 152, 156, 165, 189, 191, 193, 195-202, 210-n, 227, 244, 246-7, 263, 265, 281, 307, 346,

  403, 404, 410, 413, 4i8, 421, 466, 478, 608-9, 660, 758, 761-2; Old Guard

  of, 403-6, 408, 412, 418, 421, 466; Progressives in, 95-6, 101, 108, 109, 121, 128, 404; and reform, 96, 101, 109-n; reorganization of state government, 95-6, 99-101, 109-n; Rockefeller family and, 1067; in Suffolk County, 148, 217, 404; upstate N.Y., 95, 165, 199, 200, 210, 258, 360, 402-3, 409-10, 416, 421, 465, 466, 608; and utilities, 402-3,

  404, 406, 407

  Richmond Expressway, 896, 925, 1121

  Rickard, Tex, 264

  Rickenbacker, Eddie, 767

  Ridder, Victor, 461-2

  Ridgewood-Maspeth Expressway, 925

  Riesner, Daniel J., 1012

  Riis, Jacob, 59

  Rivera, Diego, 471

  Riverdale, 331, 534, 537, 543-4, 547, 550, 551, 554, 563, 565, 701

  Riverside-Amsterdam project, 1024

  Riverside Park, 65-7, 83, 323, 328, 343, 363, 365, 492, 493, 503, 505, 526 and n. t 527, 530, 531, 532-3, 544-5, 549, 552-3, 556, 557-6i, 834; in Harlem, 553, 557-60; recreation in, 549, 556, 559

  Riverton Project, 968

  ROADS AND HIGHWAYS:

  general information, 838; of antiquity, 837-8, 909; L.I., 10, 152-6 passim; N.Y.C, 148, 329, 339-45 passim, 522-4, 915-16; state, 152-3; see also Long Island; New York City, public works in; public authorities; transportation: traffic congestion; and individual expressways, highways and parkways

  expressways and highways, 11, 274, 927; aggravated traffic congestion on, 515-17, 897-8, 901-2, 930; competing with mass transit, 897-8, 909, 912, 934; condemnations for, 779, 797, 837;

  ROADS AND HIGHWAYS (cont.)

  construction difficulties, 837-9, 843, 844-7; cost of, 11, 843, 845, 921; development and, 898-9, 904; funds for, city, 795, 900-1, 930; funds for, federal, 704, 711, 769, 897, 930; funds for, state, 769, 897, 900-1, 930; interstate systems, 921, 922; maintenance of, 796; mass transit combined with, 903-8, 919, 928, 941-2, 944-9, 951, 954-5; RM's control of, 752, 797, 1063, 1065, 1078, 1117, 1120, 1127; RM's plans for, 839, 843-50, 885, 896-8, 918, 925, 940, 1022, 1041, 1056, 1061, 1095, 1113, 1130; of N.Y.C., 11, 479, 508, 572, 711, 752, 759, 760, 769, 775, 829, 830; noise and pollution from, 523, 558, 886-7, 889, 903; right-of-ways for, 769, 775, 845-6, 903-4; rush hours on, 563-4, 905, 910, 943, 947, 949, 953; state, 274; tenant eviction and relocation for, 11, 19, 766, 779, 797, 837-8, 848-9, 919, 1017, 1022; see also Joint Program of Port and Triborough authorities; transportation: traffic congestion; and individual ex
pressways, parkways and highways parkways, 175, 614, 341-5, 360, 619; barred commercial traffic, 899; bridges for, 230, 237, 3i8, 546-7, 951-4; funds for, 212, 313-14, 344-5; RM's acquisition of land for, 182-3, 185, 195, 205, 277, 279, 299; RM's system of, 8, 239-40, 265, 310-11, 515, 517, 614, 619, 1022; and parks, RM's concept and philosophy of, 8, 11, 161-2, 163, 167, 170-1, 175, 239-40, 275, 287, 343, 483; and real estate developers, 207-8, 212, 898

  robber barons, see Long Island barons Robbins, I. D., 1014 Robert Moses Causeway, 9, 950, 1152 Robert Moses Parkway, 9, 254, 826 Robert Moses Power Dams, 9, 254, 597,

  709, 826, 1041, 1058, 1078, 1080 Robert Moses State Park, L.I., 9, 950,

  1080, 1152 Robert Moses State Park, Massena, 9,

  826, 1080 Roberts, Lillian, 853, 855, 859, 866,

  868, 880, 881-2 Robinson, Bill ("Bojangles"), 457 Rochester Times-Union, 407 Rockaways, 335, 500, 508, 635, 965 Rockefeller, David, 734, 743, 803, 1068,

  1070, 1105, 1125, 1140-1 Rockefeller, John D., 149, 151, 1068 Rockefeller, John D., Jr., 378, 534, 771,

  772-4, 1070 Rockefeller, John D., Ill, 1016, 1070 Rockefeller, Laurance S., 763, 1070,

  vn

  1071-2, 1073, 1074, 1077-K, |< 1152

  Rockefeller, Nelson A., 471, 709; and bond issue for MTA, 1134-', governor, 710, 1068-81, 1123, 112K, 1132-41, 1147, 1148, 1153; and KM, 1070-1, 1081, 1109, 1110, 1137-41, 1149, 1156, 1160; and RM, confrontations with, 9, 1069-70, 1073-80, 1091 n., 1131-7 passim] 1141-4, 1154; personality, 1068-70, 1071, 1077; and public works, 1068-9, 1071, 1072, 1073; spending, 1069, I][ 32, 1135; transportation plan, 1072, 1132-41; and UN, 771, 773, 1070; wealth, 1067

  Rockefeller family, 144-5, 734, 772, 773, 965, 1060, 1067-8, 1071, 1141

  Rockville Centre, 158, 159, 182

  Rodriguez, Charles F., 727, 739, 745, 747, 748, 863

  Roe, James A., 719, 727, 744, 1056

  Rogers, Hugo E., 768, 770, 778

  Rome, Harold, 985

  Ronan, Dr. William J., 1071; RM and, 1071, 1072, 1133, 1137, 1142-4, 1146, 1148-9, 1153-4, 1160; and transportation, 1072, 1123, 1132, 1134-7, 1140-4, 1145, 1148-9, 1153

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., in, 283-4, 412, 699, 720, 854, 961; anti-Tammany Hall, 283, 285, 304, 347, 711; attempt to force RM out of Triborough Authority, 17, 426-42, 635, 656, 661, 662, 674, 1015, 1034, 1119; and Battery Crossing fight, 672-4, 676; campaigns for President, 286, 294, 320-2, 421-2; character, 285, 286, 287, 295; disability, 284, 285, 287, 292, 293, 298; as Governor, 9, 97, 282, 291-3, 300, 307, 313, 3I4-I7, 322, 325, 403, 404, 407, 1068; interest in parks, 287-91, 345; and La Guardia, 409, 441-2, 454, 466, 704, 745; and RM,

  284, 301, 305, 314, 413, 423, 463, 57i, 584, 585, 676, 1070, 1134; and RM, dependence on, 304, 306-7, 3*3-14, 315-16, 318-20; and RM, hatred between, 17, 282-3, 287, 289-91, 292-3, 296, 304, 315, 320, 357,

  360, 405-6, 426-43 passim, 572, 607, 672, 673, 677, 678; and N.Y.S. Legislature, 304-5; in N.Y.S. Senate,

  285, 287; Northern State Parkway compromise, 300-1; and politics, 304, 316, 320, 345, 356, 608, 609;

  as President, 261, 347, 426, 684, 721, 755; and public relations, 314, 316; and Smith, 113, 283-6, 289-92, 293-6, 300, 320, 321-2, 380, 419, 573-4; and Smith's advisers, 283, 284-6, 287, 291-2, 295-6; social welfare policies, 344, 357, 403-5, 468,

  xxvm

  Roosevelt, Franklin D. (cont.) 574; speeches, 284, 285-6, 291; on State Council of Parks, 195, 200, 287, 288-91; and Taconic State Parkway, 288-9, 426

  Roosevelt, Mrs. Franklin D. (Eleanor), 285, 288, 671, 672, 675, 678, 1034; RM's comments about, 293, 426, 675, 740; Smith and, 284

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., Jr., 1040

  Roosevelt, James, 288

  Roosevelt, Theodore, 95, 152, 167, 284, 288, 291, 351 n., 652, 664

  Roosevelt, Col. Theodore, Jr., 187, 284

  Root, Elihu, 95, 131

  Root, Owen, 778

  Rosen, Norma, 1001

  Rosen, Richard, 1123-4, 1125-7, 1128

  Rosenman, Samuel I., 91, 292, 295, 306, 720, 722, 727, 978, 980, 982, 1012, 1043, 1048, 1060, 1069, 1090, 1098, 1125, 1139-41

  Rosenthal, A. M., 1118

  Roth, James, 278-9, 299, 303

  Rothstein, Arnold, 377

  Roulstone, William B., 200

  Rudd Pond, 239

  Rudin, Sam, 785-6

  Ruth, George H. (Babe), 456

  Sagtikos Parkway, 8 St. James Park, 373 St. l^awrence project, 8-9, 403, 709, 722,

  828; condemnations for, 709;

  Paul Moses' plan for, 580, 595, 597 St. Nicholas Park, 337, 493 Salisbury, Harrison, 1099 Salmon, Edwin, 729, 766, 793, 904 Sampson, Frank J., 791 Sands Point, 151 San Francisco, 772 Sanger, Elliott, 989-90 Sanger, Mrs. Elliott, 989-90, 994 Sara Delano Roosevelt Park, 376/1., 441 Saratoga Battlefield, 198, 239, 458 Saratoga Springs Authority, 345 Saturday Evening Post, 570, 572 Saturday Review, 601, 811, 1029 Saunders, Dwayne, 731 Saw Mill River Parkway, 8, 329, 342,

  343, 365, 526, 537, 543, 554, 896 Sayre, Wallace S., 348, 472, 586, 700, 746 Schaap, Dick, 1108-9 Schaeffer, Dr. Frank A., 472-3 Senary, Dore, 287

  Schieffelin, William, 131, 435, 567, 664 Schiff, Dorothy, 716, 966, 1025, 1048,

  1050, 1095 Schiff family, 34 Schleiffer, Arnold, 825, 997-8, 1001,

  1029 Schlesinger, Arthur, 294

  Schoellkopf, Paul, 247-8, 249, 250-2

  schools and colleges, 328, 462-3, 640, 644, 795, 853, 1014; maintenance, lack of, 796; need for, 470, 491, 614, 642-3, 757, 759, 767, 770, 772, 780-1, 795, 904

  Schulman, Louis, 596-7

  Schwartz, Bertha, 865, 866, 867, 870, 872, 876

  Scott, George C, 1028

  Screvane, Paul, 14-15, 727-8, 729, 751, 804, 1055, 1062, 1065, 1088, 1101, 1109-10

  Scudder, Townsend, 214

  Seabury, Samuel, 347, 350-2, 355-6, 404-5, 406, 416, 782; RM and, 350, 352, 355, 417, 664; Smith and, 351-2; Tammany and, 350-2, 355-6; tin box corruption investigation of, 322, 324-5, 347, 354, 359, 404, 713, 997

  Second Ave. subway, 900, 929, 931-2, 1148

  Seligman, Edwin R. A., 63

  Seligman, Eustace, 548

  Seligman, Joseph, 26, 27

  Seligman family, 25, 33, 34

  Settlement house movement, 30-3, 490, 5ii

  Seventy-ninth St. boat basin, 487, 530-2, 553

  sewers, need for, 757, 772, 778

  Shanahan, Thomas J., 719, 722-7, 734, 738, 741, 803, 805, 1041, 1043, 1044, 1047-8, 1051, 1052, 1056, 1058-9, 1063-4, 1087 n., 1098, 1160

  Shapiro, Sidney M., 183, 229, 231-2, 233, 268, 272, 318, 319, 376, 484, 530, 532, 603, 629, 808, 809, 813-24 passim, 831, 832, 835, 849, 952-4, 1004, 1028, 1031, 1038, 1060, 1064, 1073, 1074-6, 1078, 1080, 1084, 1086, 1089, 1095, 1097, 1103, 1141, 1142, 1145, 1150, 1155, 1160, 1161

  Sharkey, Jack, 264

  Shea, Col. William J., 908

  Shea Stadium, 6, 727, 829, 830, 1113

  Sheehan, William F., 283, 285

  Sheridan, Arthur V., 863, 885

  Sheridan, John F., 956-8

  Sheridan Expressway, 6, 841 and n., 885, 891-2, 918, 925

  Sherman, Cele, 855, 892-3

  Sherwood, Robert, 295

  Shientag, Bernard, 408, 413, 604

  Shientag, Mrs. Bernard, 604, 605

  Shortridge, Fearson, 690, 694

  Shouse, Jouett, 574

  Shriver, Eunice Kennedy, 1014

  Shumsky, Philip, 800-1

  Sicilian Asphalt Paving Company, 738

  Silver, Abel, 869

  Simkhovitch, Mary, 132

  Simon, William, 980-1

  Sims, Mary Louise, 69-70; see also Moses, Mrs. Robert

  Singstad, Ole, 607, 676, 679, 689-97, 698, 762, 896; opposed RM, 594, 608-9, 646, 657, 658-9, 665, 675, 697-8; smeared by RM, 691-2, 695

  Skinner, Cornelia Otis, 1028

  Slattery Contracting Company, 723, 738, 1090

  slum clearance, 611; see also housing: Title I

  smear technique, see Moses, Robert

  Smisek, Mr. and Mrs. Charlie, 230

  Smith, Alfred E., 9, 87-8
, 412, 422, 713, 799; as Assemblyman, 118-27; campaigns for Governor, 94-6, 134, 138-9, 187, 210, 257, 284, 351-2, 353; campaigns for President, 148, 226, 257, 280-2, 290, 291-2, 320, 321-2; and Central Park Zoo, 381-3, 419; character, 101, 117, 119-20, 125, 138; with Empire State Building Corporation, 293, 380; family and background, 113-17, "9, 129-30, 293; as Governor, 87, 99, 128, 135, 137-42, 167-9, 231, 237, 261, 265, 281, 294, 403, 404, 407, 580, 1068; RM and, 87, 112-13, 129-30, 133-4, 158, 167-9, 173, 185, 188, 193, 205, 213,

  217, 218, 226, 232, 233, 237, 241, 242, 245, 249-59 passim, 262, 266, 267, 274, 277, 280-1, 282, 284, 289-91, 295-6, 298, 303-4, 307, 314-15, 320, 322, 340, 349, 350, 352, 358, 359, 362, 380-2, 397, 398, 401, 402, 405, 418-19, 423, 439-40, 454, 490, 570, 573-5, 581, 584, 592, 603, 631, 740, 1027, 1055, 1071; and RM as adviser, 136-42, 227, 616 n., 834; and N.Y.S. Legislature, 88, 191, 201, 256, 263, 294, 304; and N.Y.S. reorganization, 93, 95, 99-100, 101, 103, 108-11, 126, 129, 141, 261;

  and politics, knowledge of, 119-20, 129, 130, 137, 138, 200; popularity of, in, 121, 187, 262, 349, 352, 362, 574, 741; public works, support of, 167-9, 171, 174, 176-7, 181, 186-8, 190, 191, 193, 194-202, 203, 211, 215,

  218, 221, 225, 244, 246, 257-8, 261, 265, 273-4, 288, 340; and reformers, 93-5, 122, 123-4, 126, 127-8, 129, 157; retirement, 293-4, 573-5; and FDR, 113, 283-6, 289-92, 293-6, 300, 320, 321-2, 380, 419, 573-4; and social welfare measures, 93, 94, 123-4, 127-9, 257-8, 261, 265, 294, 380, 418, 491, 574, 974; as Tammany

  man, 87, 94, 109, 112, 116-18, 120, 121-2, 124, 125, 126-8, 182, 186-7, 210, 257, 259, 283, 293-4, 322, 349, 351-2, 353, 380, 383, 7H; and Walker, 320-1, 380, 398, 401

  xxix

  Smith, Mrs. Alfred E. (Katie Dunn), 117, 118, 119, 281, 293, 294, 380

  Smith, Emily (Mrs. John A. Warner) 129-30, 137, 257, 258, 259, 280, 286, 292, 383, 418, 575

  Smith, Jean Kennedy, 1014

  Snell, Bertrand H., 430 and n., 437

  social welfare measures, 407-8; of New Deal, 356, 403, 405, 468, 574; reformers and, 94, 95, 100, 132; Smith and, 93, 94, 123-4, 127-9, 257-8, 261, 265, 294, 380, 418, 491, 574, 974; Tammany and, 127-8

  Sokolsky, George E., 1079

  Solomon, Sidney, 338-9, 397, 398-9