A Labyrinth of Kingdoms
Page 43
Bedde tribes, 129
Bedouins, Barth attacked and robbed by, 8, 17, 364
Beechey, F. W., 340–41
Beirut, 8
Beke, Charles, 138–39, 195
Bello, Muhammed, Sultan of Sokoto, 102–3, 111–12, 113, 129, 235, 237, 238, 377–78
Benue River, 151, 158–61, 277, 296, 310–11, 346, 381–82
Baikie expedition to, 164, 310–11, 347
Berabish tribe, 275, 282, 284, 289, 292, 374
Berber language, 48
Berbers, 22, 40, 63, 66, 83, 98, 141, 251, 261–62
graffiti of, 37, 41
Kuntarar tribe of, 35, 268
see also Tuareg people
Berenice ruins, 8
Berlin, 48, 183, 358–59
Berlin, Battle of, 365
Berlin, University of, 3–4, 5–6, 294
Barth’s teaching position in, 10, 11, 363
Berlin Conference of 1884, 129
Berlin Geographic Society, 333, 336–37, 362
Berlin Royal Academy of Sciences, 48–49, 361–62
Bernatz, J. M., 349
Beshir ben Ahmed Tirab, Haj, Vizier of Bornu, 45–46, 48, 125, 143, 165, 174, 222, 295, 382, 383
Barth and, 137–38, 140–41, 145, 148–49, 162, 163–64, 176–77, 178, 181, 187, 190, 192–93, 206, 216, 223
harem of, 148–49, 171, 176
murder of, 306–7, 388
slave raids of, 178–79, 182–87
Beurmann, Karl Moritz von, 224
Bibles, 30, 80, 165, 302
distribution of, 146
Billama (officer), 154, 162–63
Bilma, 33, 87–88, 92, 141, 216, 227, 324
Birnin-Kebbi, 242
Bishop’s Observatory, 294
black tribes, 22, 31, 32, 48, 73, 103, 124, 155, 230, 260
Blast of the Desert (horse), 291, 310
Böckh, Philipp August, 4, 6, 10
Bombay, 162
Bornu kingdom, x, 1, 14–16, 18–19, 21, 23–24, 31, 33, 42, 45, 48, 102, 106, 113, 114, 123, 137, 141–44, 153, 198, 205–6, 366
army of, 142, 144, 174–76, 178–80, 183–88
British cannons presented to, 191
bureaucracy and taxation in, 144
cavalry and famous prancing horses of, 166, 175, 178
as center of Islamic teaching, 141
Council of State in, 143–44
decay and intrigue in, 142–43, 179, 193
history of, 141–43, 144, 321, 379
mallam villages in, 141
revolution in, 306–7, 310, 312, 316
scholarship in, 226
slave raids in, 178–79, 182–87
as trade hub, 146
western frontier of, 125
Bornu language, 229, 230
Boro, Muhammed, 44
Bourmen, 299–300
British expedition to North and Central Africa, ix–xi
African wariness of, 101
Barth’s detailed journals on, 34–37, 43, 48, 63–64, 69, 73–76, 79, 81, 101, 133, 163, 172, 184, 209, 211, 219, 227, 269, 273, 281, 321, 330, 350, 374
Barth selected for, xi, 17–22, 25, 28, 205, 334
Barth’s inherited leadership of, 204, 207–8, 209, 221, 308, 338
Barth’s solitary excursions on, ix–xi, 34, 41, 53–54, 83, 89–98, 108
camels on, x–xi, 31, 32, 34, 36, 38–41, 51, 56–58, 60, 161, 309, 323–24
diet on, 158
first stage of, 33–42
fluctuating numbers of men and tagalongs on, 31–32, 223–24
funding and added costs of, 17–18, 20, 47–48, 49–50, 76, 84, 106, 203–6, 208, 209, 216, 228
gifts for chiefs and rulers dispensed on, 10–14, 26, 32, 50, 59, 72, 79–80, 101, 104, 106, 114, 115–16, 122, 139, 140, 156, 161–64, 191, 210, 214, 235–36, 240, 244, 249–50, 265, 267, 282, 307, 318
planning of, 17–21
Richardson’s delays and poor management of, 20–21, 25–26, 28, 30, 38, 41, 43–44, 46–48, 55–56, 138, 204, 207, 294, 320
Richardson’s leadership of, 31–34, 37–64, 70–72, 74, 76, 79–89, 98, 100–101, 103–7, 126–36, 165, 330
Richardson’s promotion of, 12–13, 15–21, 334
slow pace of travel on, 34, 36, 244
splitting up of scientists on, 106–8, 190
supplies carried on, 21, 25–28, 32, 74, 77, 84, 106, 205–6
Tuareg attacks on, 70–72, 73–75
British Foreign Office, x, 12, 15, 18–21, 23, 26, 46–49, 50, 81, 139, 229–32, 277–78, 281, 311–12, 329–30
Barth’s deteriorating relationship with, 356–58, 360–61
Barth’s reports to, 164, 215–16, 222, 229, 247, 277–79, 285, 289, 295, 302, 310, 327, 333–35
support of continued expedition by, 203–8, 231–32, 296
British Ministry of War, 361
British Museum, 7
British Treasury, 331
Bu-Bakr Sadik, Haj, 194–95, 197, 211, 214
Buckingham Palace, 231
Buhari, Emir of Hadejia, 125
Bundi, 316, 388
Bunsen, Christian Charles Josias, 7, 16–18, 48–49, 204–5, 222, 230–32, 278, 287–88, 291, 299, 312–13, 326–27, 331, 333
Burckhardt, Jacob, 3
Burckhardt, Johann (Jean-Louis), 14–15, 212, 255
Burkina Faso, 12, 93, 244
Burton, Richard, xi, 1, 98, 148, 331, 346–47, 352, 362
books of, 346, 353
disguised trip to Mecca by, 178, 346
Buxton, T. Fowell, 159
Caillié, René, 223, 258–60, 273, 336, 385–86
Cairo, 8, 14, 258
Cambridge University, 4
Cameron, Verney Lovett, xi
Cameroon (present-day), 12, 33, 153, 174, 383
Campbell, Thomas, 255
Carlyle, Thomas, 354
Carthaginians, 22
castration, 149–50
Caucasus, 326
Central African Republic (present-day), 146
Chad, Lake, x, 1, 14, 18–19, 21, 33, 45, 87, 98, 102, 106, 121, 142, 149, 150–51, 159, 161, 164–66, 171, 204
birds and animals attracted to, 150
exploration of, 165, 171, 190, 216, 217, 220
islands of, 150–51
marshy regions of, 150, 191
Chad (present-day), 12, 33, 190
Chari River, 192, 193, 307
China, 29
Christianity, 24, 66
doctrine of, 274
Muslim mistrust of, 32, 62, 80, 94–95, 101, 140, 267, 284, 315
proselytizing of, 12, 13, 16
sects of, 102
Christian Knights of St. John, 22
Church, James, 294–95, 317, 319–20, 336, 338–39, 343–46, 389
Circassian people, 148
circumcision, 178, 297
Clapperton, Hugh, 15, 49, 112, 120, 139, 149, 376, 388
character and personality of, 238
commercial proposals of, 237
communication of, 244–45
death of, 15, 237–38, 256
expedition to Bornu and Sokoto by, 1, 14, 21, 33, 102–3, 115, 125, 191, 235, 237, 256
Clarendon, Lord, 229–30, 232, 277–78, 280, 289, 294–95, 298, 301–2, 356–37
Barth’s death mistakenly reported to, 312–14
Barth’s reception by, 328–30
Comus (Milton), 30, 132
concubines, 139, 148–49, 176, 190, 201–2, 254, 306, 380
Congo River, 242
Constantinople, 8, 359
Cook, James, 255, 352
Cooley, William Desborough, 9, 211–14, 251, 288, 347
Barth’s correspondence with, 212–14, 221, 384
Coptic monks, 149
Corinth, 7
Corps of Royal Sappers and Miners, 294–95, 317, 319–20
Court of St. James, 7, 326
cowrie shell currency, 110, 115, 120, 122, 147, 195, 233, 234, 236, 237, 242, 285, 292, 374, 377
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br /> Crimean War, 285, 297, 315, 326, 327, 333, 346
crocodiles, 150, 160, 192, 193, 305
Croft, William, 21, 31, 43, 45, 138
Crowe, G. W., 25–26, 46–47, 50, 166, 204, 372
Crystal Palace Exhibition of 1851, 203
Cyprus, 8
Cyrenaica, 8
daguerreotype, 8
Dalla, 248–49
Damascus, 8
Damergu, 106
dan Fodio, Abdullahi, Emir of Gwandu, 111–12, 238–39
dan Fodio, Usman, 110–12, 129, 238, 377
jihad of, 112, 142, 153, 225, 236, 248–49
Danubian Principalities, 326
Darfur, 190
Darwin, Charles, 4, 352–53
Davidson, John, 15, 387
murder of, 280
Dawson, George, 256
Daza people, 323, 324
Defoe, Daniel, 258
Degel, 236
Demmo, 183–86
Denham, Dixon, 105, 139, 150, 151, 171, 191, 192, 238, 244–45, 376–77, 380
difficulties experienced by, 248, 324–25
on Musgu people, 180
pioneering expedition to Lake Chad by, 1, 14, 33, 102, 139, 244–45
slave raid accompanied by, 177–78, 179
Denmark, 9
dervishes, 146
Dickens, Charles, 159
Dickson, Edward, 27, 215, 279, 315
Dickson, W. Charles, 266, 272, 285
Disraeli, Benjamin, 353
Dori, 246–47
Dorugu (servant), 218, 223, 228, 235, 328, 332, 342–43, 383, 385, 388
Dover’s powder, 308
Duveyrier, Henri, 224, 362
dysentery, 14–15, 28, 237, 256, 257, 308–9, 317
Egypt, 8, 23, 48, 93, 140, 146, 149, 176, 199, 226, 299, 354
El Aarib tribe, 288
elephantiasis, 119
elephants, 110, 137, 170, 179, 226, 244
el Gatroni, Muhammed, 224–25, 310, 311–12, 322, 325–26
El Hamra, 39
Ellesmere, Francis Egerton, Earl of, 335–36
Emgedesi language, 93, 100
Engels, Friedrich, 3
English language, 45, 75, 84, 132, 247, 259, 292, 299, 302, 342, 349–50
equator, 9, 12, 212
es-Sa’di, Abderrahman, 240
Ethiopia, 12, 146, 346
eunuchs, 149–50, 190, 191, 199, 214–15, 239, 317, 379
Exogyra overwegi oyster genus, 37
Faki Sambo, 199–200, 209–10, 214
Falesselez, 58
famine, 187
Far East, 255
Faro River, 159–61
Fernando Po, 311
Ferriere, Lewis, 21
Fertit, 146
Fezzan, 15, 23, 31, 37, 41, 87, 165, 224
First Footsteps in East Africa (Burton), 346
flies, 291
Fombina, 153
France, 121, 130, 258
African ambitions of, 289, 296–97, 330, 356, 357
British relations with, 13, 204, 256, 259–60, 297, 326, 356
1830 invasion of Algeria by, 127
1851 coup d’état in, 204
French army, 296, 361
French language, 259
French Revolution of 1848, 9
Friedrich, Christian, 327
Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia, 205, 332
Fugo Ali, 217–18
Fulani people, x, 66, 93, 96, 106, 110–12, 125, 142, 153, 162, 177, 182, 191, 199, 226, 228, 246–47, 260, 269, 288
fanaticism of, 250
jihads of, 262
raids of, 188, 227, 270
subdivisions of, 213, 238, 239
wars of, 233
women of, 145, 156
Fulfulde language, 112, 153, 154, 242, 252, 261, 273, 381
Gaglignani’s Messengers, 299
Gagliuffi, G. B., 45–46, 47–48, 50, 117, 125, 138, 206–7, 216, 221, 232, 295, 322, 360, 373
Barth accused by, 337–38
Galton, Francis, 347, 352
Gambia, 12, 14
as “White Man’s Grave,” 15, 256
Gao, 14, 261, 262, 283, 301, 313–14
Garama, 40–41
Garki, 316
Gashua, 227
Gatron, 224
Gaza, 8
Gazaoua, 110
Geographical Society of Berlin, 18
George I, King of England, 326
George II, King of England, 326–27
George V, King of England, 327
Germa, 40
German Confederation, 9
German language, 9, 75, 292, 302, 316, 349–50
Germany, Imperial, 1–4, 125, 245
Barth’s return to, 331–33, 336, 342, 358–59
British relations with, 326–27
politics in, 9, 10
Saxony, 121
scientific scholarship in, 3–4, 16–17
Ghadames, 14, 25, 42, 75, 82, 266, 272, 279, 285, 292, 302, 315, 360
Ghana, 93, 211, 288
Ghat, 15, 16, 20, 33, 39, 42, 43, 44, 49, 51, 55–57, 75, 84
giraffes, 179, 182
Gober, 111, 113
Goberawa kingdom, 63, 83, 141, 228, 233, 237
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 97
gold, 254, 260, 261, 273, 281
Gonja, 120
gonorrhea, 230
Gospels, 95, 132
Gouré, 132–34
Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville, 204–5
Great Britain, 4, 9, 130, 318
Barth’s return to, 328
French relations with, 13, 204, 256, 259–60, 297
German relations with, 326–27
Hanoverian kings of, 326–27
justice in, 211
promotion of commerce and trade by, 12, 13, 19–20, 210, 277
Prussian relations with, 326, 327
Turkish alliance with, 326
Victorian society in, 12, 85, 201, 203
Greek language, 30, 45, 124, 302
Greeks, ancient, 2, 3, 22, 141, 160
Gremari, 227
Guardian, 350
Guinea, 12, 14, 93, 256
Guinea, Gulf of, 14, 158, 223, 280, 311
guinea worm parasite, 245–46, 258
Gumel, 124–25, 316
Gundumi, 235, 385
Gwandu kingdom, 112, 238–41, 247, 278, 306–8, 366
Hadejia, 125
Hamburg, 1–3, 7, 9, 312, 331–32, 339
“Great Fire” of 1842 in, 5
Hamdallahi, 154, 248–49, 262–63, 269–72, 275, 282–86, 288, 289, 292, 366
Hamma, 94
Hammada plateau, 33, 37–39
Hammadi (nephew of al-Bakkay), 265, 272, 288, 291, 292
Hammond, Edmund, 339, 341, 343–44, 357
Harar, 346
Hatita, Sheikh, 49, 51, 53, 55, 59
Hausaland, 14, 15, 93, 111, 113, 141, 223, 305, 314
Hausa language, 92, 93, 112, 227, 242, 261, 273, 342
Hausa people, 56, 63, 66, 93, 96, 106, 109–11, 125, 145, 147, 227, 235, 250, 260, 305
Hay, Drummond, 280–81
Hebrew language, 30
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 361–62, 390
Heidelberg, 331, 333
hemorrhoids, 42
Herman, G. F., 206–7, 216, 221–22, 229–32, 247, 277–78, 280, 294–96, 299
Barth’s death mistakenly reported by, 312–13, 319, 322
Herodotus, 28–29, 40
Herschel, John, 35
Hippocrates, 261, 296
hippopotamuses, 150, 165, 192, 252, 299, 305
Hoggar mountains, 59, 66, 81
Hornemann, Friedrich, 14, 42, 109, 255, 373
horses, 92, 102, 104, 106, 110, 116–17, 119, 123, 145, 158, 161, 170–71, 310
Hottentots, 155
Houghton, Daniel, 14, 255
Hourst, Lieutenant, 300–301
How I Found Livingstone, In Darkest Africa, Throug
h the Dark Continent, My Dark Companions and Their Strange Stories (Stanley), 353
Humboldt, Alexander von, 4, 17–19, 48–49, 327
as Barth’s mentor, 35, 36, 205, 332, 351, 358–59
death of, 359
Hunwick, John, 366–67, 386, 390
Ibn Battuta, 38, 60, 92, 254, 255
Ibrahim, Sultan of Zinder, 127–28, 130, 131
Ibrahim (traveler), 146
Idinen, Mount, see Palace of Demons peak
Idrisi, Al-, 211
Ighalgawan, Mount, 62
India, 203, 255
Indian Ocean, 166
Inquisition, 246
Institute for the Study of Islamic Thought in Africa (Northwestern University), 366–67
Islam, 12, 146, 153, 198, 258, 275, 276–77
armies of, 66, 110, 111–13
Barth on, 354–55
call to prayer in, 266
conversion to, 111, 128, 171, 174, 267
culture of, 8, 29–30, 260, 366–67, 376
doctrine of, 282
Eid al-Fitr holiday in, 165–66, 382
fundamentalist, 102, 111–12, 248–49
history of, 199
jihad in, 91, 110, 111–13, 142, 153, 225, 236, 238, 274
kingdoms of, 23
mosques and schools of, 91, 94, 111, 199, 225–26, 261, 266, 273, 281, 283
place of music in, 96, 376
position of women in, 68–69, 70, 148
Ramadan in, 165–66
reform movements in, 110–12
science cherished in, 29–30
sects of, 196, 199–200
Sharia law of, 81, 91, 94, 111, 112, 128, 144, 147
strength and benefits of, 12
war cry of, 96
see also Muslims
Istanbul, 124, 165, 253, 278, 308
Italian language, 4, 45, 65
Italians, 22
Italy, 82, 96–97
Barth’s trips to, 4–5, 363
ivory, 163, 281
Jena, University of, 332
Jesus Christ, 282, 355
Jews, 22, 297
Muslim killing and enslavement of, 91, 274
renegade, 171–72
Johanneum academy, 1–3
Journal of the Royal Geographic Society, 364
Kabara, 252–53, 264, 272–73, 286
Kakala, 182–83
Kanem, 33, 141, 164, 166–68, 310, 323
Kanembu people, 175, 186
Kanemi, Muhammed al-, Sheik of Bornu, 113, 129, 139, 140, 142, 149–50, 190, 237, 377–81
Kanem War of Idris Alooma, The, 141
Kano, 14, 33, 78, 91, 92, 99, 107, 111, 113–24, 126, 134, 145, 147, 199, 244, 295, 309–16
Barth’s description of, 118–20
commerce and trade in, 118–21
cotton cloth and leather produced in, 121, 233, 378
Dala hill of, 117, 121–22
emir’s palace in, 121–22
Goron Dutse hill of, 117
population of, 118
walls and gates of, 117, 122
Kanuri language, 146, 178, 227, 231, 321
Kanuri people, 93, 106, 120, 125, 145–47, 150, 383