But the Venus Butterfly didn’t originate with the mysterious W. G. “For years I have been practicing this technique with great success, tho it is the late great Muddy Waters who should be given credit for inventing it.”
274 “I’ve never been a big shot”: McKee and Chisenhall, Beale, p. 238.
275 “intensely worldly”: Work, American Negro Songs, p. 28.
277 Maxwell Street: For information on preservation efforts, see www.openair.org/maxwell/preserve.html and www.maxwellstreet.org.
279 James Cotton’s successful solo career: See his Web site, www.jamescottonsuperharp.com.
279 a successful harmonica instruction booklet: Portnoy’s booklet is available through www.harpmaster.com.
280 “When MCA acquired Chess”: Patrick Goldstein, “It’s Now Money — Not Just Glory — for Bluesmen,” Los Angeles Times, December 3, 1989.
284 “The blues were around”: Fields, Daily News article, Library of Congress.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ARCHIVES, MANUSCRIPTS, PRIVATE PAPERS
Adams, Samuel, Jr. Correspondence. Fisk Archives. Manuscript. Lomax Archives.
Adams, Samuel, Jr., and Ulysses Young. “Report on Preliminary Work in Clarksdale, Mississippi.” Library of Congress. October 26, 1941.
Cohan, Lou. Interview with Muddy Waters for Dark Star. Estate of McKinley Morganfield.
Dirks, Scott. Union documents. Music Research Department of Chicago’s Harold Washington Library.
Fields, Sidney. Daily News article. Library of Congress. December 26, 1972.
“Folk Culture Seminar.” Course description. Fisk Archives, Special Collections.
Gelms, Robert Frank. WXRT interview with Muddy Waters. Collected by Scott Dirks. Spring 1980.
Jones, Lewis. “Folk Culture Study, Coahoma County, Mississippi.” Fisk Library, Special Collections.
———. “The Mississippi Delta.” Fisk Archives.
Lomax, Alan. Correspondence. Library of Congress.
———. Field notes and correspondence. Lomax Archives.
McKee, Margaret, and Fred Chisenhall. Interview with Muddy Waters. Memphis–Shelby County Public Library, History Department.
New York Radio interview with Muddy Waters and Otis Spann. Collected by Robert A. Messinger. May 21, 1966.
U.S. District Court. “McKinley Morganfield v. Arc Music Corporation.” Exhibit A.
Welding, Pete, and John Jambazian. “Muddy’s Harp Players 1952–1955.” Library of Congress.
WKCR newsletter. Library of Congress.
Work, John. Correspondence. Library of Congress.
———. Field notes and correspondence. Fisk Archives.
MULTIMEDIA RESOURCES
Alan Lomax Collection. Rounder Records, 1997–present. Compact discs.
Can’t You Hear the Wind Howl. Produced and directed by Peter Meyer. Winstar Video, 1998. Videocassette.
Chicago Blues. Produced and directed by Harley Corliss. Rhapsody Films, 1986. Videocassette.
Got My Mojo Working: Rare Performances 1968–1978. Yazoo Video, 2000. Videocassette.
Messin’ with the Blues. Produced by Bill Wyman, directed by Jean Bovan. Rhino Video, 1984. Videocassette.
Muddy Waters in Concert 1971. Produced and directed by Link Wyler and Russ Ragsdale. Vestapol Video, 1998. Videocassette.
Sweet Home Chicago. Produced by Nina Rosenstein, directed by Alan Raymond and Susan Raymond. MCA Records, 1993. Laserdisc.
A Tribute to Muddy Waters: King of the Blues. Produced by Toby Byron, directed by Ken Mandel. BMG Video, 1998. Videocassette.
BOOKS
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Byron, Toby, and Pete Welding, ed. Bluesland Portraits of Twelve Major American Blues Masters. New York: Dutton, 1991.
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Cantwell, Robert. When We Were Good: The Folk Revival. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996.
Charters, Sam. The Country Blues. New York: Rinehart, 1959. Reprint, New York: Da Capo Press, 1975.
Cohn, David. Where I Was Born and Raised. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1967.
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Collis, John. The Story of Chess Records. New York: Bloomsbury, 1998.
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Demetre, Jacques, and Marcel Chauvard. Land of the Blues. Paris: CLARB, 1995.
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Filene, Benjamin. Romancing the Folk: Public Memory and American Roots Music. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.
Gart, Galen, ed. First Pressings: The History of Rhythm and Blues: 1952 Vol. 2. Big Nickel Publications, 1991.
———. First Pressings: The History of Rhythm and Blues: 1954 Vol. 4. Big Nickel Publications, 1990.
———. First Pressings: The History of Rhythm and Blues: 1955 Vol. 5. Big Nickel Publications, 1990.
———. First Pressings: The History of Rhythm and Blues: 1956 Vol. 6. Big Nickel Publications, 1991.
———. First Pressings: The History of Rhythm and Blues: 1957 Vol. 7. Big Nickel Publications, N.d.
———. First Pressings: The History of Rhythm and Blues: 1958 Vol. 8. Big Nickel Publications, 1995.
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———. Feel Like Going Home: Portraits in Blues and Rock’n’Roll. Outerbridge and Dienstfrey, 1971. Reprint, Boston: Little, Brown, 1999.
———. Last Train to Memphis. Boston: Little, Brown, 1994.
———. The Listener’s Guide to the Blues. New York: Facts on File, 1982.
———. Lost Highway: Journeys and Arrivals of American Musicians. Boston: D. R. Godine, 1979. Reprint, Boston: Little, Brown, 1999.
———. Searching for Robert Johnson. New York: Dutton, 1989.
———. Sweet Soul Music. Harper and Rowe, 1986. Reprint, Boston: Little, Brown, 1999.
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Hardy, Phil, and Dave Laing. The Da Capo Companion to Twentieth-Century Popular Music. New York: Da Capo Press, 1995.
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&nbs
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———. Crosstown Traffic: Jimi Hendrix and the Post-War Rock’n’Roll Revolution. New York: St. Martin’s, 1989.
———. Shots from the Hip. London: Penguin, 1991.
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Palmer, Robert. Deep Blues. New York: Penguin, 1981.
Petersen, James R., ed. 365 Ways to Improve Your Sex Life: From the Files of the Playboy Advisor. New York: Plume, 1996.
Porterfield, Nolan. Last Cavalier: The Life and Times of John A. Lomax. Urbana–Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1996.
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———. Doowop: The Chicago Scene. Urbana–Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1996.
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Rowe, Bill. The Half Ain’t Been Told. Amsterdam: Micography, 2000.
Rowe, Mike. Chicago Blues: The City and the Music. New York: Da Capo Press, 1975.
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Spear, Allan H. Black Chicago: The Making of a Negro Ghetto, 1890–1920. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967.
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Wardlow, Gayle Dean. Chasin’ That Devil Music: Searching for the Blues. San Francisco: Miller Freeman, 1998.
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PERIODICALS
Ahlstrand, Clas, Peter Mahlin, and Jan-ake Pettersson. “Muddy Talkin’ To.” Jefferson 14 (1971): 14–21.
Albright, Alex. “The African American Traveling Minstrel Show.” Living Blues 108 (March/April 1993): 36–41.
Aldin, Mary Katherine. Liner notes to The Aristocrat of the Blues: The Best of Aristocrat Records. MCA (1997).
———. Liner notes to Jimmy Rogers: The Complete Chess Recordings. MCA (1997).
———. Liner notes to Muddy Waters: The Complete Plantation Recordings. MCA (1993).
Balfour, Alan. “Land of the Blues.” Blues and Rhythm 97 (March 1995).
Barretta, Scott. “The Monarch of Delmark.” Blues Access (summer 1997): 22–29.
Baysting, Arthur. “Bluesman Muddy Waters.” Thursday Magazine (New Zealand) (May 24, 1973): 27–29.
Bims, Hamilton. “Blues City.” Ebony 27 n5 (March 1972): 76–86.
Bloomfield, Mike. “An Interview with Muddy Waters.” Rhythm and Blues 28 (July 1964): 7.
Blues News. Living Blues (winter 1970–1971): 26.
———. Living Blues 17 (summer 1974).
———. Living Blues 45/46 (spring 1980): 7.
Bozza, Anthony. “John Lee Hooker: Don’t Look Back.” Rolling Stone (June 12, 1997): 40.
Brack, Ray. “No Credibility Gap.” Billboard: World of Soul (June 24, 1967): 62.
Brack, Ray and Earl Paige. “Chess and the Blues: From the Streets to the Studio.” Billboard: World of Soul (June 24, 1967): 20–22.
Brisbin, John. “I’m Havin’ Fun Right Today.” Living Blues 135 (September / October 1997): 12–27.
———. “Peter Malick on Otis Spann.” Living Blues 154 (November / December 2000).
———. “Pinetop’s Boogie.” Living Blues 97 (May / June 1991): 11–16.
———. “Sunnyland Slim.” Living Blues (May / June 1995): 51–62.
Broven, John. “Paul Gayten: I Knew Leonard at the Macomba.” N.p., n.d.
Bruynoghe, Yannick. “In Chicago with Big Bill and Friends.” Living Blues 55 (winter 1982–1983): 7–24.
“Car Crash Puts Muddy in Hospital.” Rolling Stone 47 (November 29, 1969): 18.
Corritore, Bob, Bill Ferris, and Jim O’Neal. “Willie Dixon” part 1. Living Blues 81 (July/August 1988): 20–25.
———. “Willie Dixon” part 2. Living Blues 82 (September / October 1988): 20–31.
Cowley, John. “Really the Walkin’ Blues.” Popular Music 1 (N.d.). Reprint, Juke Blues 1 (N.d.).
Crimmins, Jerry. “Lounge Rocks in Tribute to a Blues Great.” N.p., n.d.
Cushing, Steve. “Behind the Beat of Blues.” Living Blues 96 (March / April 1991): 12–23.
Darwen, Norman. “Mojo Buford on Pat Hare.” Juke Blues 24 (winter 1991): 11.
DeCurtis, Anthony. “Living Legends.” Rolling Stone (September 21, 1989): 89, 99, 128.
DelGrosso, Maureen. “Otis Spann: From the Delta to Chicago.” Blues Revue 20 (December / January 1996): 44–46.
DeMichael, Don. “Father and Son: An Interview with Muddy Waters and Paul Butterfield.” Down Beat 36 n16 (August 7, 1969): 12–13, 32. Reprint, Down Beat 56 n9 (September 1989): 58–76.
<
br /> ———. “Muddy Waters Week in Chicago.” Rolling Stone 34 (May 1969): 12–13.
Dixon, Willie. “I Am the Blues.” Living Blues (N.d.): 9–10.
“Down Home and Dirty.” Time 98 (August 9, 1971): 46.
Eagle, Bob. “Big Town Playboy: Johnnie Jones.” Living Blues 12 (spring 1973): 28–29.
Evans, David. “An Interview with H. C. Speir.” John Edwards Memorial Foundation Quarterly 8 (1972).
Fancourt, Les. Liner notes to The Complete Muddy Waters 1947–1967. Charly Records (1992).
Gershuny, Diane. “Francis Clay: Got the Mojo Working.” Living Blues 96 (March / April 1991): 47–51.
Gibbs, Vernon. “The Entertainers: Muddy Waters.” Essence 3 n8 (December 1972): 23, 85.
Gilbert, Jerry. “Muddy Waters: Staying with the Blues.” Sounds (December 18, 1971).
Golkin, Pete. “Blacks, Whites, and Blues: The Story of Chess Records” part 1. Living Blues 88 (September / October 1989): 22–32.
———. “Blacks, Whites, and Blues: The Story of Chess Records” part 2. Living Blues 89 (November / December 1989): 25–29.
Gordon, Robert. “Dave Myers.” Oxford American 21 (1997): 84–86.
Guralnick, Peter. “Muddy Waters: Father of the Chicago Blues.” Grammy Awards Program (1992): 22.
Hahn, Kevin. “Pat Hare: A Blues Guitarist.” Juke Blues 23 (summer 1991): 8–15.
Harris, Sheldon. Liner notes to Otis Spann’s Bottom of the Blues. Blues Way (1968).
Harvey, Hank. “Growing Up with the Blues.” Toledo Sunday Blade (April 7, 1986). Reprint, Living Blues 71 (1986): 25.
Hay, Fred J. “Joe Willie Wilkins.” Living Blues 42 (N.d.): 8.
Haydon, Tom. “The Case of the Pervasive Percussionist.” Living Blues 14 (fall 1973): 21–22.
Hentoff, Nat. Liner notes to Otis Spann Is the Blues. Jazz Man Records (1980).
Hoffman, Steven J. “A Platinum Mine of Blues.” Living Blues 30 (November / December 1976): 25–26.
“An Interview with Muddy Waters.” Newsweek (May 26, 1969). Reprint, Newsweek (1971).
Jones, Max. Melody Maker (December 10, 1970): 29.
———. “Muddy Waters, Superstar.” N.p., n.d.
Juke Blues (summer 1997): 29.
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