First to Fight
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Fraustadt (Wschowa), 82
French air force, 70
French army, 70, 123–4
French navy, 70
Fritsch, Colonel-General Werner Freiherr von, 197–8, 237
Fuller, J. F. C., 46
Gablentz, Brigadier-General Eccard Freiherr von, 116
Gabszewicz, Alexander, 24
Gałachy, 255
Galczyński, Konstanty, 104
Galinat, Major Edmund, 244
Gamelin, General Maurice: and alliance with Poland, 51; and assistance for Poland, 74–5, 128, 129; and Saarland invasion, 124, 126; and Soviet invasion of Poland, 181–2
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 41
Garwolin, 153–4
Gąsiorowski, General Janusz, 108
Gdańsk see Danzig
Gdynia, 188
General Sosnkowski (train), 193
German army: battle order, 273–5; plans, xii; relations with Red Army, 216, 219–25; troop dispositions, xii, 59; see also SS
German army armies: 3rd, 59, 85, 131–4, 152; 4th, 29–30, 59, 90; 8th, 59, 248, 260; 10th, 59, 104–7, 136, 137; 14th, 59
German army corps: 1st, 247; 2nd, 256; 8th, 230–2; 18th, 88–9; 19th, 29–30, 31, 91; 22nd Panzer, 230–2
German army divisions: 1st Infantry, 85; 1st Light, 137; 1st Mountain (Gebirgsjäger), 207–8, 209; 1st Panzer, 109; 2nd Light, 26; 2nd Motorised, 30–2; 3rd Infantry, 92, 94; 3rd Panzer, 32, 90, 91, 92, 95; 4th Light, 231; 4th Panzer, 32–4, 108–9, 110–11, 144; 7th Bavarian Infantry, 26–8; 7th Infantry, 208, 212–13; 8th Infantry, 233; 10th Panzer, 132, 222; 12th Infantry, 85; 13th Infantry, 259; 20th Infantry, 92; 21st Infantry, 134; 27th Infantry, 231; 30th Infantry, 140, 143; 31st Infantry, 114; 207th Infantry, 189; 239th Infantry, 100; Kempf Armoured, 255
German army groups: North, 59; South, 59, 143
German army regiments: 4th Panzer, 32–4; 5th Infantry, 90; 7th Panzer, 29; 9th Infantry, 90; 12th Artillery, 198; 15th Motorised Infantry, 113; 22nd Infantry, 26; 23rd Infantry, 28; 28th Infantry, 234; 30th Infantry, 197; 35th Panzer, 105; 41st Infantry, 35; 44th Infantry, 152–3; 46th Infantry, 141; 79th Mountain (Gebirgsjäger) Artillery, 210; 95th Infantry, 115–16; 122nd Infantry, 116
Germany: alliance offered to Britain, 58–60, 63; alliance with Soviet Union, 52–7, 219–20, 251–4; attitude to Polish War, xix–xx; and build-up to war, 49–64; division of Poland with Soviet Union, xv, 55–7, 251–4; ethnic Germans resident in Poland, 96–9; historical relations with Poland, 2, 44, 45, 48; invasion of Poland, 25–36; pre-war provocation of Poland, 2–8. 60–2; public reaction to outbreak of war, 16, 17–18, 80–1; and Soviet occupation of Poland, 160–2
Geyersdorf (Dębowa Łęka), 81–2
Gimzewska, Anna, 167
Gleiwitz (Gliwice) Incident (1939), 2, 5–8
Gnyś, Pilot Officer Władysław, 24
Golba, Kazimierz, 100
gold reserves, evacuation of, 227
Goldberg, Samuel, 111
Göring, Hermann, 16, 52
Gostycyn, 90
Gostyń, 35
Greenwood, Arthur, 72–3
Gritsevets, Sergei, 165
Grodno (Hrodna), 164, 171–3
Grom, ORP, 20
Gryf, ORP, 20, 257
Grzmot-Skotnicki, Major-General Stanisław, 31
Grzybowski, Wacław, 162–3
Guderian, General Heinz: attitude to mechanisation, 46; and Hitler’s visit to the front, 95; and invasion of Poland, 29–30, 31, 91, 92, 131–2, 152; relations with Red Army, 221–5
Guderian, Lieutenant Heinz-Günther, 105
Guderski, Reserve Lieutenant Konrad, 14
Guzy, Antoni, 3–4
Habsburgs, 37, 38, 40
Haiti see Saint Domingue
Halder, General Franz, 13, 17, 159
Halifax, Viscount: and alliance with Poland, 59–60; and assistance for Poland, 66; and British declaration of war, 72, 78; character, 76; and Soviet invasion of Poland, 180, 181–2
Hamburg, 126
Hankey, Robert, 84
Hartfeld, Battle of (1939), 210
Heczko, Alma, 18, 215, 216
Hel peninsula, 187–8, 189–90, 256–7
Henderson, Nevile, 58–9, 63, 68, 77, 79–80
Henningsen, Second Lieutenant Wilhelm, 13
Henryków, 148
Herzner, Lieutenant Dr Hans-Albrecht, 60–2
Heydrich, Reinhard, 2, 4, 6
Himmler, Heinrich, 130, 184
Hirszfeld, Ludwik, 239–40
Hitler, Adolf: alliance with Soviet Union, 52–7; attitude to Britain and France, 56, 58–9, 68; attitude to Poland, 2–3, 10, 45, 52; and build-up to war, 52–64; and civilian targets, 23; Danzig speech, 184–6; on history and the winner, xix; and myth of Soviet neutrality, 268; Polish front visited by, 94–6, 143, 184–6, 188–9, 193, 197–8; reaction to British declaration of war, 78, 79, 80–1; speech about attack on Poland, 15–17; Warsaw visited by, 259–60
Hochlinden (Stodoły), 5
Hoffmann, Heinrich, 95
Hollingworth, Clare, 99, 100, 105
Holy Cross Mountains see Świętokrzyskie Mountains
Honiok, Franciszek, 1–2, 5–8
Hore-Belisha, Leslie, 72, 73
Hornack, Karl, 6–7
Horyniec, 232
Hozzel, Paul-Werner, 22
Hrodna see Grodno
Hrubieszów, 174
Husiatyn, 166
Husynne, 234–5
internment, 191–3
Ironside, General Edmund, 51, 126, 127
Italy, 60, 63, 71, 75, 182
Ivánka, Alexander, 243
Jabloń, 258
Jablonna, 256
Jabonków Pass, 61–2
Jackiewicz, Lieutenant Wiktor, 107, 109
Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland, 37
Jankowice, 34–5
Janów Forest, 212–13
Japan, 162
Jarosław, 207
Jasieniec, 148
Jasiński, Tadeusz, 172–3
Jaworów, Battle of (1939), 210–12
Jews: atrocities against, 106–7, 136–8, 148, 208–9, 264, 265; attitude to Soviet invasion, 175, 176; in Brest, 223; and defence of Warsaw, 155; in Lwów, 205–6; Nazi view of, 137–8; number in Poland, 44
Jezierski, Rifleman Stefan, 11
Jodl, General Alfred, 124
Jordanów, Battle of (1939), 89
Kajetanowice, 116
Kałuszyn, Battle of (1939), 152–3
Kampinos Forest, 154
Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski, General Michał (‘Torwid’), 250
Karski, Jan, 63, 89, 98, 169, 178
Kasprzycki, General Tadeusz, 51
Katowice, 98–100
Katyń massacres, 175, 219, 228
Kaupisch, General Leonhard, 186
Keitel, General Wilhelm, 59, 60, 94, 143, 184
Kemp, Major-General Werner, 29
Kennard, Sir Howard, 82–3
Kennedy, Joseph, 83
Khrushchev, Nikita, 218, 220
Kielmansegg, Count Johann von, 107–8, 109, 112, 144, 145, 149
Kieslowski, Rafał, 99
Kiev, 43
Klecko, 135–6
Kleeberg, Brigadier-General Franciszek, 245, 257–61
Kleikamp, Captain Gustav, 11, 12, 103
Klemperer, Victor, 80, 198
Klimecki, Dr Stanisław, 101
Klonowo, 90
Kluge, General Günther von, 94
Knoll-Kownacki, Brigadier-General Edmund, 140–1
Kobryń (Kobryn), 177
Koc, Warrant Officer Adolf, 170
Koch-Erpach, General Rudolf, 233
Kock, Battle of (1939), 259–61
Komornicka, Maria, 82, 122, 125, 159–60, 201, 247
Konopacka, Halina, 227
Końskie massacre, 136–7
KOP see Polish Border Defence Corps
Köppen, Lieutenant-Colonel Heinrich, 211
Kordt, Theo, 66
Kornicki, Fr
anciszek, 228–9
Korwin, Marta, 21, 121–2, 156, 159, 202, 239, 247
Kościuszko, Tadeusz, 39
Kosowo, 92
Kotarba, Colonel Marceli, 166
Kovalev, General Mikhail, 163
Kowalczyk, Corporal Andrzej, 13
Kowałski, Brigadier-General Wincenty, 233
Kraków, 24, 25, 40, 100–1
Krappe, Walther, 106
Krasnobród, Battle of (1939), 232–3
Krause, Karl, 95
Krawutschke, Major, 153
Krivoshein, Brigadier-General Semyon, 222–5
Krojanty, Battle of (1939), 30–2, 147
Król, Janina, 215
Krosno, 25
Krydner, Oswald, 229
Książki, 186
Kuklin, 29
Kutno, 25, 148
Kutrzeba, Major-General Tadeusz: background, 42, 139–40; and German invasion, 140–4, 145, 154; and Warsaw’s defence, 197; and Warsaw’s surrender, 242, 247–9
Langner, General Władysław, 42, 206, 208, 209, 213, 214–18
Lauterpacht, Hersch, 205
Lemkin, Rafał, 205
Lęczyca, 140–1
Lesiopole, 109
Lewandowski, Wacław, 192
Lewinski, Captain Mark von, 113
Linge, Heinz, 184, 186, 188
Lipiński, Wacław, 119, 120, 158, 241
Lithuania, 42
Lloyd George, David, 50
Łochów, 193
Łódź, 110–12, 143
Łomianki, 197
Łomża, 133–4
London blitz, 238
Łowicz, 114, 141, 144, 145, 148
Luck, Hans von, 26
Luftwaffe: 1st Air Fleet, 23–4, 25; 4th Air Fleet, 24; 8th Air Corps, 138–9; and invasion of Poland, 21–5, 86–7, 102, 109–10, 119, 138–9, 145, 187; and Saarland, 124; and siege of Warsaw, 155–60, 194, 200–4, 237, 238–41; Sturzkampfgeschwader 2, 22–3; superiority over Polish air force, 267
Łukasiewicz, Juliusz, 75
Lwów (L’viv), 42, 164, 205–19
Maciejowice, Battle of (1794), 39
Maczek, Colonel Stanisław, 88–9, 206, 207
Makrany see Mokrany
Malaszewicze, 25
Maszów (Mashiv), 176–7
Masztalerz, Colonel Kazimierz, 31
mathematicians, evacuation of, 227–8
Matuszewski, Ignacy, 227
Maurin, General Louis, 71
Mazińska, Michalina, 209
Medwecki, Captain Mieczysław, 24
Mende, Lieutenant Erich, 88
Meszczyński, Henryk, 174–5
Meyer, Kurt, 144–5
Michón, Dr Jan, 15
Mielniki (Melniki), 246
Mika, Kazimiera, 157–8
Milanów, 258
Mińsk Mazowiecki, 153
Miretski, Stanislav, 224
Misch, Sergeant Rochus, 195
Mitchison, Naomi, 179
Mława, Battle of (1939), 28–9, 85–6
Modlin, 154, 194–5, 254–6
Mokotów, 82, 159–60, 201, 241
Mokra, Battle of (1939), 32–4
Mokrany (Makrany), 245–6
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 44, 54, 56, 160–1, 162, 163
Moltke, Hans-Adolf von, 64
Moltke, Helmuth von, 34
Montanelli, Indro, 91, 96, 146–7
Mosty, 61–2
Müller, Heinrich, 5
Munich Conference (1938), 49–50
Mussolini, Benito, 60, 63, 71
Mużyłowice (Muzhylovychi), 210–12
Najsarek, Sergeant Wojciech, 13
Napoleon Bonaparte, 39–40
Narew river, 131–5
Narutowicz, Gabriel, 44
Naujocks, Major Alfred, 2, 5–7
Navahrudak see Nowogródek
Nazi–Soviet Pact (1939), 54–7, 219–20, 251–4
Neubert, Unteroffizier Frank, 24
Nicolson, Harold, 178–9
Niewęgłowski, Major Lezary, 111
Niewiara, Andrzej, 24
Niżniów (Nyzhniv), 168
Norwid-Neugebauer, Major-General Mieczysław, 127, 129
Nowogród, 131, 133, 134
Nowogródek (Navahrudak), 175–6
Nowy Sącz, 3
Nowy Targ, 88–9
oil, 252, 253
Okrzeja, Stefan, 24
Oksywie Heights, 186–9
Okulicz-Kozaryn, Colonel Jarosław, 170
Olszowski family, 21
Olszyna-Wilczyński, Józef, 173
‘Operation Peking’ (1939), 20
‘Operation Waterfront’ (1939), 23
‘Operation Worek’ (1939), 20
Orlik-Rückemann, Brigadier-General Wilhelm, 245, 246–7
O’Rourke, Edward, Bishop of Danzig, 222
Orzel, ORP, 20
Orzesze, 88
Ostróg (Ostroh), 169
Ostrowski, Stanisław, 217, 219
Oświęcim, 98
Ottomans, 37
Pająk, Lieutenant Leon, 12–13
Palme Dutt, Rajani, 179
Palusinski, Lieutenant Jerzy, 24
Panzerzug 3 (train), 30
Panzerzug 7 (train), 194
Le Paradis, 265
Parczew massacre, 258
Partition Treaty (1772), 38
Parzymiechy, 35
Pervitin, 114–15
Peszyński, Major Konstanty, 87–8, 170, 171
Petsel, Lieutenant-General Walter, 247
Piątek, 141–2, 148
Piekielko, 28
Pierwszy Marszałek (train), 165
Pikułice, 208–9
Piłsudski, Jósef, 42, 43, 44–5, 47
Pińsk (Pinsk), 177
Piotrków Trybunalski, 109, 110
Piskor, General Tadeusz, 231
Plewno, 93, 95
Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax, Sir Reginald Ranfurly, 53
Poland: alliance with Britain and France, 50–2, 58, 59–60; attitude to Polish War, xxii, 18–19; and build-up to war, 49–64; ethnic mix, 44; German pre-war provocation, 2–8, 60–2; German–Soviet division, xv, 55–7, 251–4; historical relations with Germany and Soviet Union, 2, 44, 45, 48, 53–4; history, 37–45; national anthem, 39–40; occupation, 265
Polesie, 222
Polish air force:2nd Air Regiment, 82; and defence of Poland, 24–5, 107–8; evacuation, 228–9; fitness to fight, 47, 267; at outbreak of war, 20–1; Polish Pursuit Brigade, 24
Polish army: battle order, 271–2; communication issues, 110; fitness to fight, 45–7, 267; troop dispositions and numbers, xii, 48–9, 64
Polish army armies: Carpathian, 49; Kraków, 49, 64, 230–2; Łódź, 49, 64, 108–9, 110–12; Lublin, 230–2; Małopolska, 210–13; Modlin, 48; Pomeranian, 29–32, 48, 89–94, 149, 154, 197; Poznań, 49, 64, 139–50, 154, 196, 197; Prusy, 110
Polish army brigades:1st Mountain, 230–2; 10th Motorised Cavalry (Black Brigade), 88–9, 206, 207; Kraków Cavalry, 98, 230–2; Masovian Cavalry, 85; Nowogródek Cavalry, 86, 153–4, 232–3; Pomeranian (Pomorska) Cavalry, 89–90, 91, 92–3, 141, 146; Volhynian Cavalry, 32–4; Warsaw Armoured Motorised, 230–2; Wielkopolska Cavalry, 145
Polish army divisions:1st Legions Infantry, 233; 4th Infantry, 87–8; 7th Infantry, 106, 108; 9th Infantry, 30, 89–90, 92, 93–4; 11th Infantry, 210–13; 14th Infantry, 140; 17th Infantry, 140; 20th Infantry, 86; 24th Infantry, 210–13; 25th Infantry, 140; 27th Infantry, 30, 89–90, 92, 93; 38th Infantry, 210–13; 55th, 232; 60th Infantry, 219; 64th Infantry, 142
Polish army regiments:1st Light Artillery, 170–1; 2nd Legions Infantry, 255; 2nd Light Cavalry, 92, 93; 6th Legions Infantry, 171; 8th Mounted Rifles, 149; 9th Uhlan, 196–7; 11th Infantry, 230–2; 11th Uhlan, 86, 152–3; 14th Infantry, 113; 14th Jasłowiecki Lancers, 234–5; 16th Uhlan, 93; 18th Pomeranian Cavalry, 30–2; 18th Uhlan, 93; 21st Infantry, 86, 158–9; 21st Vistula Uhlan, 32–3; 23rd Grodno Uhlan, 107, 109; 33rd Infantry, 133–4; 34th Infantry, 90; 49th Hutsul Rifle,
211; 58th Infantry, 141–2; 74th Infantry, 113; 79th, 258
Polish army other units: 301st Light Tank Battalion, 108–9; Chemical Battalion, 234–5; Koronowo National Defence Battalion, 92; Narew Group, 48–9, 232–3; Pińsk Riverine Flotilla, 245; Polesie Independent Operational Group, 245, 257–61; Warsaw Army Group, 120
Polish Border Defence Corps (KOP), 131–3, 165–7, 169, 245, 246–7
Polish Corridor: fighting in, 29–30, 59, 89–94, 147, 186–90; German rule, 129–31; and Hitler, 16, 58; and Versailles Treaty, 2; see also Danzig
Polish Legions, 39–40
Polish navy, 20, 228
Polish–Soviet War (1918–20), 42–3
Polish War (1939): books about, xviii–xxi, 100; causes, 44; consequences, xviii; flight of armed forces and civilians, 225–35; German invasion, 25–36; myth of Soviet neutrality, 268–9; overview, xvii–xviii; performances assessed, 36; Polish collapse, 85–94, 98–118, 131–50; Polish defence plans and preparations, 48–9; Polish final rallies, 140–50, 184–90, 245–7; Polish mobilisation, 63–4; reasons for Polish defeat, 266–8; Soviet invasion, xiii, xv, 160–7, 205, 213–25, 234–5, 245–7, 257–8, 267–9; surrender, 242–5, 247–50, 254–61
Pollitt, Harry, 179
Polonius, Alexander, 21, 182–3, 202, 236–8, 240, 241
Polska Organizacja Wojskowa, 43
Potemkin, Vladimir, 162–3
Poznań, 3
Praga, 158–9, 193, 197–8, 199, 202, 237, 239
Pragłowski, Colonel Alexander, 247
prisoners of war, treatment of, 113, 135, 149, 245–7, 249, 255–6
Prugar-Ketling, Colonel Bronisław, 211, 212
Prussia, 37, 38–9, 40
Przasnysz, 86
Przemyśl, 208–9
Pszczyna, 88
racism, 115, 136–8, 185, 265
Racławice, Battle of (1794), 39
Raczyński, Count Edward, 59–60, 66, 77, 180
Radziwiłł, Princess Izabella, 226
Radzymin, 24
RAF, 69–70, 126–7
Raginis, Captain Władysław, 131–3, 134
Rakowice airfield, 24, 25, 100
Rakowiec, 81, 248–9
Rakowski, Bronisław, 216
Ramułt, Andrzej, 177
Rapallo Pact (1922), 44
Red Army: battle order, 276–8; fitness to fight, 164–5; organisation, 163–4; relations with German army, 216, 219–25
Red Army units: 5th Army, 167; 21st Rifle Division, 164; 29th Light Tank Brigade, 223; 45th Rifle Division, 174; 52nd Rifle Division, 246; 60th Rifle Division, 166–7; Byelorussian Front, 163–4; Ukrainian Front, 163–4