Book Read Free

The Scientific Attitude

Page 34

by Lee McIntyre


  Carey, Benedict. “Many Psychology Findings Not as Strong as Claimed, Study Says.” New York Times, Aug. 27, 2015.

  Carey, Benedict. “New Critique Sees Flaws in Landmark Analysis of Psychology Studies.” New York Times, March 3, 2016.

  Carey, Benedict. “A Princeton Lab on ESP Plans to Close Its Doors.” New York Times, Feb. 10, 2007.

  Carey, Benedict. “Psychologists Welcome Analysis Casting Doubt on Their Work.” New York Times, Aug. 28, 2015.

  Carey, Bjorn. “Stanford Researchers Uncover Patterns in How Scientists Lie about Data.” Stanford News, Nov. 16, 2015.

  Carroll, Robert, “The Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR).” In The Skeptic’s Dictionary, accessed Aug. 28, 2018, http://skepdic.com/pear.html.

  Cartwright, Nancy. The Dappled World: A Study of the Boundaries of Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

  Castelvecchi. Davide. “Is String Theory Science?” Scientific American, Dec. 23, 2015, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-string-theory-science/.

  Chalmers, Alan. What Is This Thing Called Science? Indianapolis: Hackett, 2013.

  Chang, Hasok. Is Water H2O? Evidence, Realism and Pluralism. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014.

  Cioffi, Frank. “Pseudoscience: The Case of Freud’s Sexual Etiology of the Neuroses.” In The Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem, ed. Massimo Pigliucci and Maarten Boudry, 321–340. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.

  Coffman, E. J. “Warrant without Truth?” Synthese 162 (2008): 173–194.

  Coll, Steve. Private Empire: ExxonMobil and American Power. New York: Penguin, 2013.

  Curd, Martin. “Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem.” Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, July 17, 2014, http://ndpr.nd.edu/news/philosophy-of-pseudoscience-reconsidering-the-demarcation-problem/.

  Davis, Rebecca. “The Doctor Who Championed Hand-Washing and Briefly Saved Lives.” NPR, Jan. 12, 2015, http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/01/12/375663920/the-doctor-who-championed-hand-washing-and-saved-women-s-lives.

  Dawid, Richard. String Theory and the Scientific Method. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

  Dawkins, Richard. Climbing Mount Improbable. New York: Norton, 2016.

  Deer, Brian. “British Doctor Who Kicked-Off Vaccines-Autism Scare May Have Lied, Newspaper Says.” Los Angeles Times, Feb. 9, 2009.

  Deer, Brian. “How the Case against the MMR Vaccine Was Fixed.” British Medical Journal 342 (2011): case 5347.

  Department of Health and Human Services. “Findings of Research Misconduct: Notice Number: NOT-OD-12-149.” Sept. 10, 2012. https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-12-149.html.

  Devlin, Hannah. “Cut-Throat Academia Leads to ‘Natural Selection of Bad Science,’ Claims Study.” Guardian, Sept. 21, 2016.

  Duhem, Pierre. The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.

  Dupre, John. The Disorder of Things: Metaphysical Foundations of the Disunity of Science. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995.

  Durkheim, Emile. The Rules of Sociological Method. Paris, 1895.

  Dyson, Freeman. “Misunderstandings, Questionable Beliefs Mar Paris Climate Talks.” Boston Globe, Dec. 3, 2015.

  Elgin, Catherine. True Enough. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2017.

  Ellis, Paul. “Why Are Journal Editors Increasingly Asking Authors to Report Effect Sizes?” Effectsizefaq.com, May 31, 2010, https://effectsizefaq.com/2010/05/31/why-are-journal-editors-increasingly-asking-authors-to-report-effect-sizes/.

  Fairweather, Abrol, and Linda Zagzebski, eds. Virtue Epistemology: Essays on Epistemic Virtue and Responsibility. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

  Fairweather, Abrol. Virtue Epistemology Naturalized: Bridges between Virtue Epistemology and Philosophy of Science. Dordrecht: Springer, 2015.

  Feleppa, Robert. “Kuhn, Popper, and the Normative Problem of Demarcation.” In Philosophy of Science and the Occult, ed. Patrick Grim. Albany: SUNY Press, 1990.

  Feyerabend, Paul. Against Method. London: Verso, 1975.

  Feynman, Richard. Surely You’re Joking, Mr. Feynman. New York: Norton, 1997.

  Firestein, Stuart. Failure: Why Science Is So Successful. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

  Firestein, Stuart. “When Failing Equals Success.” Los Angeles Times, Feb. 14, 2016.

  Fiske, Susan, and Cydney Dupree. “Gaining Trust as Well as Respect in Communicating to Motivated Audiences about Science Topics.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, suppl. 4 (2014).

  Flaherty, DK. “The Vaccine-Autism Connection: A Public Health Crisis Caused by Unethical Medical Practices and Fraudulent Science.” Annals of Pharmacotherapy 45, no. 10 (Oct. 2011): 1302–1304.

  Foran, Clare. “Ted Cruz Turns Up the Heat on Climate Change.” Atlantic, Dec. 9, 2015.

  Fuller, Steve. Philosophy of Science and Its Discontents. New York: Guilford Press, 1992.

  Gabler, Jay, and Jason Kaufman. “Chess, Cheerleading, Chopin: What Gets You into College?” Contexts 5, no. 2 (2006): 45–49.

  Galison, Peter, and Bruce Hevly, eds. Big Science: The Growth of Large-Scale Research. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1992.

  Giere, Ronald. Understanding Scientific Reasoning. New York: Harcourt, 1991.

  Gilbert, Daniel, Gary King, Stephen Pettigrew, and Timothy Wilson. “Comment on ‘Estimating the Reproducibility of Psychological Science.’ ” Science 351, no. 6277 (2016). http://science.sciencemag.org/content/351/6277/1037.2.

  Gillis, Justin. “Scientists Warn of Perilous Climate Shift within Decades, Not Centuries.” New York Times, March 22, 2016.

  Gleick, James. Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman. New York: Vintage, 1993.

  Glymour, Clark. Theory and Evidence. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980.

  Godlee, F. “Wakefield Article Linking MMR Vaccine and Autism Was Fraudulent.” British Medical Journal 342 (2011): case 7452.

  Goodman, Nelson. Fact, Fiction, and Forecast. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1955.

  Goodstein, David. On Fact and Fraud: Cautionary Tales from the Front Lines of Science. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010.

  Greco, John, and John Turri, eds. Virtue Epistemology: Contemporary Readings. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2012.

  Greene, Brian. The Elegant Universe. New York: Norton, 2010.

  Guijosa, Alberto. “What Is String Theory?” accessed Aug. 28, 2018, http://www.nuclecu.unam.mx/~alberto/physics/string.html.

  Haack, Susan. Defending Science—within Reason: Between Scientism And Cynicism. Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 2007.

  Haack, Susan. Evidence and Inquiry: A Pragmatist Reconstruction of Epistemology. Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 2009.

  Haack, Susan. “Six Signs of Scientism.” Skeptical Inquirer 37, no. 6 (Nov.–Dec. 2013); 38, no. 1 (Jan.–Feb. 2014).

  Hacking, Ian. The Social Construction of What? Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.

  Hall, Shannon. “Exxon Knew about Climate Change almost 40 Years Ago.” Scientific American, Oct. 26, 2015.

  Hansen, James. Storms of My Grandchildren. New York: Bloomsbury, 2010.

  Hansson, Sven Ove. “Defining Pseudoscience and Science.” In The Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem, ed. Massimo Pigliucci and Maarten Boudry, 61–77. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.

  Hansson, Sven Ove. “Science and Pseudo-Science.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, last modified April 11, 2017, https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pseudo-science/.

  Harris, Paul. “Four US States Considering Laws That Challenge Teaching of Evolution.” Guardian, Jan. 31, 2013.

  Hartgerink, C. H. J. “Renanalyzing Head et al. (2015): No Widespread P-Hacking After All?” Authorea, Sept. 12, 2016, https://www.authorea.com/users/2013/articles/31568.

  Head, Meagan, Luke Holman, Rob Lanfear, Andrew Kahn, and Michael Jennions.
“The Extent and Consequences of P-Hacking in Science.” PLOS Biology, March 13, 2015, http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002106.

  Hempel, Carl. Philosophy of Natural Science. New York: Prentice Hall, 1966.

  Henderson. Bobby. The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster. New York: Villard Books, 2006.

  Hicks, Daniel, and Thomas Stapleford. “The Virtues of Scientific Practice: MacIntyre, Virtue Ethics, and the Historiography of Science.” Isis 107, no. 3 (Sept. 2016): 449–472.

  Holton, Gerald. Science and Anti-Science. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.

  Holton, Gerald. The Scientific Imagination. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.

  Hoyningen-Huene, Paul. Systematicity: The Nature of Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

  Huber, Rose. “Scientists Seen as Competent But Not Trusted by Americans.” Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Sept. 22, 2014.

  Huizenga, John. Cold Fusion: The Scientific Fiasco of the Century. Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 1992.

  Hull, David. Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.

  Hume, David. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. London, 1748.

  Hume, David. A Treatise of Human Nature. London, 1740.

  Insel, Thomas. “Director’s Blog: P-Hacking.” The National Institute of Mental Health, Nov. 14, 2014, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/directors/thomas-insel/blog/2014/p-hacking.shtml.

  Ioannidis, John. “Why Most Published Research Findings Are False.” PLOS Medicine, Aug. 30, 2005, http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124.

  Iyengar, Sheena, and Mark Lepper. “Rethinking the Value of Choice: A Cultural Perspective on Intrinsic Motivation.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76, no. 3 (1999): 349–366.

  Iyengar, Sheena. The Art of Choosing. New York: Twelve, 2010.

  Jaschik, Scott. “What Really Counts in Getting In.” Inside Higher Education, May 31, 2006.

  Jeffers, Stanley. “PEAR Lab Closes, Ending Decades of Psychic Research.” Skeptical Inquirer 31, no. 3 (May–June 2007).

  Johnson, Carolyn. “Former Harvard professor Marc Hauser Fabricated, Manipulated Data, US Says.” Boston Globe, Sept. 5, 2012.

  Johnson, Carolyn. “Harvard Report Shines Light on Ex-Researcher’s Misconduct.” Boston Globe, May 30, 2014.

  Kahn, Brian. “No Pause in Global Warming.” Scientific American, June 4, 2015.

  Kahneman, Daniel. Thinking Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013.

  Karl, Thomas, Anthony Arguez, Boyin Huang, Jay H. Lawrimore, James R. McMahon, Matthew J. Menne, et al. “Possible Artifacts of Data Biases in the Recent Global Surface Warming Hiatus.” Science 348, no. 6242 (June 26, 2015): 1469–1472.

  Kaufman, Jason, and Jay Gabler. “Cultural Capital and the Extracurricular Activities of Girls and Boys in the College Attainment Process.” Poetics 32 (2004): 145–168.

  King, Gary, Robert Keohane, and Sidney Verba. Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.

  Kitcher, Philip. The Advancement of Science: Science without Legend, Objectivity without Illusions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

  Kitcher, Philip. Science in a Democratic Society. Amherst: Prometheus Books, 2011.

  Kitcher, Philip. Science, Truth, and Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

  Kluger, Jeffrey. “Modern Science Has a Publish-or-Perish Problem.” Time, Aug. 20, 2015, 19.

  Koertge, Noretta, ed. A House Built on Sand: Exposing Postmodernist Myths about Science. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

  Koertge, Noretta. “Belief Buddies versus Critical Communities.” In The Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem, ed. Massimo Pigliucci and Maarten Boudry, 165–180. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.

  Koertge, Noretta. “A Bouquet of Values.” In Scientific Values and Civic Virtues, ed. Noretta Koertge, 9–24. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

  Koertge, Noretta, ed. Scientific Values and Civic Virtues. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

  Kuhn, Thomas. “Logic of Discovery or Psychology of Research?” In The Philosophy of Karl Popper, ed. P. A. Schilpp, 798–819. LaSalle: Open Court, 1974.

  Kuhn, Thomas. “Objectivity, Value Judgment, and Theory Choice.” In The Essential Tension: Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change, 320–339. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.

  Kuhn, Thomas. The Road since Structure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

  Kuhn, Thomas. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.

  Ladyman, James. “Toward a Demarcation of Science from Pseudoscience.” In The Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem, ed. Massimo Pigliucci and Maarten Boudry, 45–59. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.

  Lakatos, Imre, and Alan Musgrave, eds. Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

  Lange, Marc. Natural Laws in Scientific Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

  Laudan, Larry. Beyond Positivism and Relativism: Theory, Method, and Evidence. Boulder: Westview Press, 1996.

  Laudan, Larry. “The Demise of the Demarcation Problem.” In Laudan, Beyond Positivism and Relativism, 210–222. Boulder: Westview Press, 1996.

  Laudan, Larry. Progress and Its Problems: Towards a Theory of Scientific Growth. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.

  Laudan, Larry. “Science at the Bar—Causes for Concern.” In Beyond Positivism and Relativism: Theory, Method, and Evidence, 223–230. Boulder: Westview Press, 1996.

  Le Fanu, James. The Rise and Fall of Modern Medicine. New York: Carroll and Graf, 1999.

  Lemonick. Michael. “When Scientists Screw Up.” Slate, Oct. 15, 2012, http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2012/10/scientists_make_mistakes_how_astronomers_and_biologists_correct_the_record.html.

  Longino, Helen. “Science and the Common Good: Thoughts on Philip Kitcher’s Science, Truth, and Democracy.” Philosophy of Science 69 (Dec. 2002): 560–568.

  Longino, Helen. Science as Social Knowledge: Values and Objectivity in Scientific Inquiry. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990.

  Longino, Helen. “Underdetermination: A Dirty Little Secret?” STS Occasional Papers 4. London: Department of Science and Technology Studies, University College London, 2016.

  Lynch, Michael. True to Life: Why Truth Matters. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004.

  Machamer, Peter, Marcello Pera, and Aristides Baltas, eds. Scientific Controversies: Philosophical and Historical Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

  MacIntyre, Alasdair. After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory. 2nd ed. South Bend: University of Notre Dame Press, 1984.

  Mahner, Martin. “Science and Pseudoscience.” In The Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem, ed. Massimo Pigliucci and Maarten Boudry, 29–43. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.

  Marcus, Adam, and Oransky, Ivan. “The Lessons of Famous Science Frauds.” Verge, June 9, 2015.

  Marcus, Adam, and Oransky, Ivan. “What’s Behind Big Science Frauds?” New York Times, May 22, 2015.

  Matzke, Nicholas. “The Evolution of Antievolution Policies after Kitzmiller v. Dover.” Science 351, no. 6268 (Jan. 1, 2016): 28–30.

  Maxwell, Nicholas. “The Rationality of Scientific Discovery, Part I.” Philosophy of Science 41, no. 2 (1974): 123–153.

  Maxwell, Nicholas. “The Rationality of Scientific Discovery, Part II.” Philosophy of Science 41, no. 3 (1974): 247–295.

  Mayo, Deborah. “Ducks, Rabbits, and Normal Science: Recasting the Kuhn’s-Eye View of Popper.” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 47, no. 2 (19
96): 271–290.

  Mayo, Deborah. Error and the Growth of Experimental Knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

  Mayo, Deborah. “Popper on Pseudoscience: A Comment on Pigliucci.” Errorstatistics.com, Sept. 16, 2015, https://errorstatistics.com/2015/09/16/popper-on-pseudoscience-a-comment-on-pigliucci-i/.

  Mayo, Deborah, and Aris Spanos, eds. Error and Inference: Recent Exchanges on Experimental Reasoning, Reliability, Objectivity, and Rationality. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

  McIntyre, Lee. “Accommodation, Prediction, and Confirmation.” Perspectives on Science 9, no. 3 (2001): 308–323.

  McIntyre, Lee. Dark Ages: The Case for a Science of Human Behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2006.

  McIntyre, Lee. “Intentionality, Pluralism and Redescription.” Philosophy of the Social Sciences 34, no. 4 (2004): 493–505.

  McIntyre, Lee. Laws and Explanation in the Social Sciences: Defending a Science of Human Behavior. Boulder: Westview Press, 1996.

  McIntyre, Lee. “The Price of Denialism.” New York Times, Nov. 7, 2015.

  McIntyre, Lee. “Redescription and Descriptivism.” Behavior and Philosophy 32, no. 2 (2004): 453–464.

  McIntyre, Lee. Respecting Truth: Willful Ignorance in the Internet Age. New York: Routledge, 2015.

  McIntyre, Lee. “The Scientific Attitude toward Explanation.” In Modes of Explanation: Affordances for Action and Prediction, ed. Michael Lissack and Abraham Graber, 229–232. New York: Palgrave, 2014.

  McMullin, Ernan. “Values in Science.” PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 4 (1982): 3–28.

  Meikle, James, and Sarah Boseley. “MMR Row Doctor Andrew Wakefield Struck Off Register.” Guardian, May 24, 2010.

  Mellor, D. H. “The Warrant of Induction.” In Matters of Metaphysics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

  Mercier, Hugo, and Dan Sperber. “Why Do Humans Reason? Arguments for an Argumentative Theory.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34, no. 2 (2011): 57–111.

  Merton, Robert. “The Normative Structure of Science.” In The Sociology of Science, ed. Robert Merton, chapter 13. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973. (Originally published 1942.)

 

‹ Prev