With Nothing But Our Courage
Page 14
Image 6: Loyalists draw lots for land in 1784.
Image 7: Dense forests made clearing the land in western Québec (later known as Upper Canada, and eventually Ontario) a massive job.
Image 8: It took so long to get rid of stumps that at first the crops were planted between them.
Image 9: Pounding grain and making soap, chinking log walls and chopping wood, were some of the many chores in store for the Loyalist settlers.
Recipes
Johnnycake
Take 2 cups buttermilk, add 2 cups cornmeal, pinch salt, 2 spoonfuls molasses, sugar or maple syrup and 2 well-beaten eggs if available.
Pour batter into pan to bake.
Sops
Pour warm milk over bread and add sugar or maple syrup.
Lumpy Dick
Add flour to boiling water slowly until it turns into mush. Add a pinch of salt and serve with milk and sugar.
Bread
To warm water in which potatoes have boiled, add half a cup of sugar and 1 starter of yeast. Let this stand overnight. Then mix in half a panful of flour, 1 spoonful of salt, and a knob of lard.
Knead well. Let rise, then form into loaves.
Preserving Fish for the Winter
Boil and mash a quantity of potatoes. Spoon a layer of mashed potatoes into the bottom of a barrel. Sprinkle with salt.
Boil fish until it flakes easily.
Hold fish by the tail over the layer of potatoes in the barrel and shake until all the flesh falls off.
Spoon another layer of potatoes and salt over the fish.
Shake more fish over the potatoes.
Continue layering fish and potatoes alternately until the barrel is full.
Place barrel outside the kitchen door where it will freeze.
Dig out or slice off as much as is needed at a time and fry into fishcakes.
Image 10: Quilting bees were as much social events as a time to help a neighbour — who often lived miles away — finish a quilt.
Image 11: Old and young alike helped in the gathering of sap and boiling it down to make maple syrup.
Image 12: One of the earliest Loyalist settlements in Upper Canada.
Image 13: Two men spearing salmon from a canoe in Lower Canada.
Image 14: Only after many tree stumps were cleared — a huge job — could the settlers sow grain.
Image 15: Loyalist settlers camping alongside a river on their journey to British North America.
Image 16: British North America in 1783.
Image 17: The route the MacDonalds — and many Loyalist families — followed north to what is now Canada.
Credits
Grateful acknowledgment is made for permission to reprint the following:
Cover portrait: National Gallery of Scotland, Robert Herdman, Evening Thoughts, detail (NG 2136).
Cover background: The Loyalist Flag, photograph by Andrea Casault.
William Kirby poem: William Kirby, 1817-1906.
Image 2: National Archives of Canada, Charles William Jefferys, C20587.
Image 3: National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa. Thayendanegea (Joseph Brant), c. 1807 by William Berczy, purchased 1951, #5777.
Image 4: National Archives of Canada, James Peachey, Encampment of the Loyalists at Johnstown (Cornwall) June 6, 1784, C2001.
Image 5: National Archives of Canada, James Peachey, A South-East View of Cataraqui (Kingston), C1511.
Document 1: From E. A. Cruikshank, ed., The Settlement of the United Empire Loyalists, Toronto, Ontario Historical Society, 1934, pp. 41-42.
Images 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11: National Archives of Canada. J.E. Laughlin, U.S. Loyalists Drawing Lots for Land 1784, C13993; Clearing the Land Around the First Cabin, C5466; Hoeing in the Seed, C13995; Pounding Grain and Making Soap, C13997; A Quilting Bee, C13999; Making Maple Sugar and Syrup, C14000.
Image 12: National Archives of Canada, Edward Scrope Shrapnel, One of the Earliest Loyalist Settlements in Upper Canada, C23633.
Image 13: National Archives of Canada, Susan Haliburton Weldon, Salmon Spearing in Lower Canada, C121921.
Image 14: Government of Ontario Art Collection, Charles W. Jefferys, The Pioneer, 1784, c. 1926, watercolour on paper, 623327.
Image 15: National Archives of Canada, Charles W. Jefferys, Loyalists Camping on the Way up the St. Lawrence, C73449.
Images 16 and 17: Maps by Paul Heersink/ Paperglyphs. Map data © 2000 Government of Canada with permission from Natural Resources Canada.
Thanks to Barbara Hehner for her careful checking of the manuscript, and Dr. Jane Errington for sharing her historical expertise.
For my husband, Jim, with many thanks for all his support.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Gavin K. Watt, B.A. Sc., C.M.H., Editor, The King’s Royal Regiment of New York; Robert Stacey, Arts Associates, Toronto, Ontario; and the staff at the National Archives in Ottawa, Ontario.
About the Author
Many of Karleen Bradford’s books are inspired by places she has visited. She was born in Toronto, but moved to Argentina when she was nine. After coming back to Canada to attend the University of Toronto, she married a foreign service officer with the Canadian Government … and began thirty-four years of additional travelling, from Colombia and England to the Philippines and Germany. It was in Germany that Karleen began tracing the route of the Crusaders, and became so intrigued with that period of history that she wrote There Will Be Wolves, winner of the CLA Best Young Adult Novel Award. The Crusades story continues with Shadows on a Sword and Lionheart’s Scribe. To research the stories, Karleen and her husband actually retraced the Crusaders’ footsteps from Cologne, in Germany, to Istanbul, Turkey.
Karleen has written sixteen books for young readers. Some are historical (The Nine Days Queen). But she writes in many other genres as well: fantasy (The Other Elizabeth), contemporary fiction (Another Kind of Champion) and non-fiction (Write Now! and Animal Heroes). Her many awards include the CLA Best Young Adult Novel, an ALA Best Book citation, and nominations for the Silver Birch Award, the Geoffrey Bilson Historical Award and the Manitoba Reader’s Choice Award.
True to her usual research routine, Karleen travelled through New York State, along Lake Champlain and up into Québec, along the route Mary MacDonald and her family would have taken, when she was writing With Nothing But Our Courage. It is this kind of attention to the smells and appearance and feel of a place or setting that helps Karleen’s books feel so very real to the reader.
What is about writing that has Karleen so hooked on it? “As far back as I can remember,” she says, “my favourite activity was curling up in a corner somewhere with a book.” She was such an avid writer, even as a child, that she would create plays for her friends to act in, even when they weren’t as eager as she was. She once heard a group of friends say, “Oh, no! Karleen’s written another play and she’s going to make us act in it.” And she did.
No matter that Karleen has actually lived in more countries than most people visit, there always remains one constant in her life — another writing project on the go.
While the events described and some of the characters in this book may be based on actual historical events and real people, Mary MacDonald is a fictional character created by the author, and her diary is a work of fiction.
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Copyright © 2002 by Karleen Bradford.
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ISBN: 978-1-4431-2818-6
First eBook edition: August 2015
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