Peterson, William, ref 1
Philip II, King of Spain: marriage to Mary, ref 1, ref 1; and Elizabeth’s accession, ref 1; on Mary’s death, ref 1; marries Elizabeth of Valois, ref 1; and Catholic rebellion in England (1569), ref 1; lacks information of Armada’s fortunes, ref 1; English Catholics appeal to, ref 1; and proposed English Catholic colony in America, ref 1; plans to invade England, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; puts price on Drake’s head, ref 1; builds up fleet, ref 1; gout, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; prepares Armada, ref 1; shocked by news of execution of Mary Queen of Scots, ref 1; claim on English throne, ref 1, ref 2; financial difficulties, ref 1, ref 2; relations with Vatican, ref 1; Sixtus promises money to on condition of landing in England, ref 1, ref 2; learns of Drake’s attack on Cadiz, ref 1; and Catholic victories in France, ref 1; badgers Santa Cruz to hasten preparations, ref 1, ref 2; and death of Santa Cruz, ref 1; ill health, ref 1; impatience at delay in departure of Armada, ref 1; seizes foreign ships for Armada, ref 1; expenditure on war, ref 1; refuses peace negotiations with England, ref 1; final instructions to Medina Sidonia, ref 1; receives Medina Sidonia’s pessimistic message, ref 1; messages to Medina Sidonia, ref 1; Sixtus belittles, ref 1; borrows from Genoese bankers, ref 1; writes to Medina Sidonia on supposed victory, ref 1; on loss of Leyva, ref 1; told of Armada disaster, ref 1; reads Recalde’s journal, ref 1; reaction to Armada catastrophe, ref 1; maintains antagonism towards England, ref 1, ref 2; England attacks treasure ships, ref 1; repairs and reinforces fleet after Armada, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; later expeditions against England, ref 1; final illness and death, ref 1
Philip III, King of Spain, ref 1
Pilgrimage of Grace (1537), ref 1, ref 2
Pimentel, Don Diego, ref 1, ref 2
Pius V, Pope: excommunicates Elizabeth, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Plunkett, Luke, ref 1
Plymouth: Medina Sidonia declines to attack, ref 1; English fleet sails from, ref 1; English expedition against Spain sails from, ref 1
Pole, Cardinal Richard, Archbishop of Canterbury, ref 1
portents and prophecies, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Portsmouth: defences, ref 1, ref 2
Portugal: annexed by Philip, ref 1; Drake attacks in expedition against Spain, ref 1; disaffection towards Philip, ref 1; English expedition to, ref 1
Poyntz, Antony, ref 1
Poza, Captain Juan, ref 1
Prada, Andres de, ref 1
Prayer Book (1552), ref 1
Priego, army Captain Pedro, ref 1
Privy Council: instructions to lords lieutenant, ref 1; attends thanksgiving service for victory, ref 1; and military unrest, ref 1; and Drake-Norris expedition to Spain and Portugal, ref 1
Prouse, Captain, ref 1
Quiroga y Vela, Gaspar de, Cardinal Archbishop of Toledo, ref 1
Radcliffe, Sir Edward, ref 1
Ragazona (Venetian ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Rainbow (English ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Raleigh, Sir Walter: opposes pre-emptive strike against Spain, ref 1; criticises Portsmouth defences, ref 1; reports Catholic malcontents in Devon, ref 1
Rata Santa María Encoronada (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
Recalde, Admiral Juan Martinez de: Drake seeks at sea, ref 1; in Philip’s council of war, ref 1; recommends finding safe harbour in England, ref 1; urges Medina Sidonia to blockade Plymouth, ref 1; position in lunula, ref 1, ref 2; engages English ships, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and English fireships’ attack at Calais, ref 1; on homeward voyage, ref 1; lands in Ireland, ref 1; death in Spain, ref 1; sends journal to Philip, ref 1
Regiomontanus of Königsburg, ref 1
Renard, Simon, ref 1, ref 2
Revenge (Drake’s flagship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
Ribadeneira, Pedro de, SJ, ref 1
Richmond, Henry Fitzroy, Duke of, ref 1
Ridolphi, Roberto, ref 1
Roebuck (English privateer), ref 1
Rogers, Richard, ref 1
Rogers, Thomas (alias Nicholas Berden), ref 1
Sadler, Sir Ralph, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
St Bartholomew Day massacre (France, 1572), ref 1
Saltonstall, Richard, ref 1
San Antonio de Padua (Spanish ship), ref 1
San Cristobal (Spanish ship), ref 1
San Esteban (Spanish ship), ref 1
San Felipe (Portuguese carrack), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
San Francisco de Florencia (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
San Giuseppe, Colonel Sebastiano di, ref 1, ref 2
San Juan Bautista (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
San Juan de Castilla (Spanish ship), ref 1
San Juan de Portugal (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
San Juan de Sicilia (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
San Juan de Ulúa, Mexico, ref 1
San Lorenzo (Spanish galleass), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
San Luis de Portugal (Portuguese ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
San Luis (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2
San Marcos (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
San Martin (Spanish flagship): signals departure, ref 1; at Corunna, ref 1, ref 2; Medina Sidonia holds councils of war on, ref 1, ref 2; engages English ships, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; at Calais, ref 1; escapes fireships’ attack, ref 1; re-forms fleet, ref 1; in battle of Gravelines, ref 1, ref 2; off Flanders coast, 169; arrives in Santander, ref 1
San Mateo (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
San Nicholas Prodaneli (Spanish ship), ref 1
San Pedro (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2
San Pedro el Mayor (Spanish hospital ship), ref 1
San Pedro Menor (Spanish ship), ref 1
San Salvador (Spanish hulk), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
San Salvador (Spanish transport ship): sails, ref 1, ref 2; blows up, ref 1, ref 2; abandoned and captured, ref 1
Sanders, Fr Nicholas, ref 1
Santa Ana (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
Santa Barbara (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2
Santa Catalina (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2
Santa Cruz, Alvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; death, ref 1
Santa María de la Rosa (Spanish ship), ref 1
Santa Maria de Visón (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2
Santiago (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2
Savoy, Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of, ref 1
Scilly Isles, ref 1
Scotland: pro-Spanish sentiments, ref 1; Walsingham fears threat from, ref 1; danger of Spanish landing in, ref 1; Armada ships wrecked in, ref 1
Scott, Sir Thomas, ref 1
Scroope, Nicholas, ref 1
Sebastian, King of Portugal, ref 1
Serna, Alonso de, ref 1
Seymour, Sir Henry: on shallow-draught ship, ref 1; defends Dover Straits, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; recommends Thames ships against Parma’s landing, ref 1; message from Drake, ref 1; shortage of powder, ref 1; on non-cooperative Dutch, ref 1; false rumour of attack on, ref 1; complains of shortage of ships, ref 1; anchors off Flanders coast, ref 1; engages Armada off Gravelines, ref 1
Shakespeare, William: King Lear, ref 1; Twelfth Night, ref 1
Sharpe, Dr Lionel, ref 1
Sheffield, Lord Edmund, ref 1, ref 2
Shelley, Sir Richard, ref 1
Shrewsbury, George Talbot, 6th Earl of, ref 1
Sidney, Sir Philip, ref 1
Sigüenza, Friar José de, ref 1
Sinclair of Owensdale, Malcolm, ref 1
Sixtus V, Pope: and Philip’s claim to English throne, ref 1; reluctance to subsidise Armada, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and Philip’s appointment of bishops, ref 1; supports Philip’s attack on England, ref 1; admiration for Elizabeth, ref 1, ref 2; confirms excommunication of Elizabeth, ref 1, ref 2; grants indulgence to Armada member
s, ref 1; on defeat of Armada, ref 1
Skeltonical Salutation, A (pamphlet), ref 1
Sluis, Netherlands: English garrison surrenders to Parma, ref 1
Smollett, John, ref 1
Snowden, John, ref 1
Somerfield, John, ref 1
Southern, Robert, ref 1
Southwell, Robert, SJ, ref 1
Spain: war with England, ref 1; Ridolphi’s plot inviting to invade England, ref 1; anti-Protestantism in Low Countries, ref 1; plans to invade England, ref 1, ref 2; Armada preparations in, ref 1; English spies in, ref 1; intelligence agents in London, ref 1; surviving ships return to, ref 1; effect of Armada catastrophe in, ref 1; English attacks on treasure ships, ref 1; later attacks and expeditions against England and Ireland, ref 1, ref 2; English privateers attack shipping, ref 1; Treaty of London with England (1604), ref 1; see also Philip II, King
Spes, Don Guerau de, ref 1, ref 2
Spinola family, ref 1
Spy (English pinnace), ref 1, ref 2
Stafford, Sir Edward, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Standen, Anthony (‘Pompeo Pellegrini’), ref 1
Story, John, ref 1
Stratford by Bow, Essex, ref 1
Stukeley, Sir Thomas, ref 1
Succession, Act of (1543), ref 1
Supremacy, Act of (1559), ref 1
Surian, Michiel, ref 1
Sussex, Henry Radcliffe, 2nd Earl of, ref 1
Sussex, Henry Radcliffe, 4th Earl of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Sussex, Thomas Radcliffe, 3rd Earl of, ref 1, ref 2
Sutton, Thomas, ref 1
Swallow (English galleass), ref 1, ref 2
Swallow (English pinnace), ref 1
Swiftsure (English ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Tellez, Don Diego Enriquez, ref 1, ref 2
Thames, river: defence measures, ref 1; bridge of boats from Tilbury to Gravesend, ref 1; freezes, ref 1
Thomas Drake (English ship), ref 1
Three Lords and Three Ladies of London, The (play), ref 1
Throckmorton, Francis, ref 1
Tiger (English ship), ref 1, ref 2
Tilbury: defences and troops, ref 1, ref 2; Elizabeth visits and delivers speech, ref 1, ref 2; camp dissolved, ref 1
Tobermoray, isle of Mull, ref 1
Toby (English ship), ref 1
Toledo, Don Francisco de, ref 1, ref 2
Tomson, Richard, ref 1
Torbay, ref 1
Townsend, Sir Roger, ref 1
Travers, Thomas, ref 1
Treasons Act, Second (1570), ref 1
Treatise of Treasons, ref 1
Trew, John, ref 1
Trinidad de Escala (Spanish ship), ref 1
Trinidad Valencera, La (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Triumph (English ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Tyrone, Hugh O’Neill, 2nd Earl of, ref 1, ref 2
Ubaldino, Petruccio, ref 1, ref 2
Uceda, Captain, ref 1
Ugarte, Pedro de, ref 1
Uniformity, Act of (1552), ref 1
Valdés, Don Diego Flores de, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7; punished, ref 1
Valdés, Admiral Don Pedro de: attends councils of war, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; belligerent strategic proposals, ref 1, ref 2; on supplies, ref 1; ships lose contact with Armada, ref 1; supports Medina Sidonia’s proposals to avoid Plymouth harbour, ref 1; ship damaged in collision, ref 1, ref 2; surrenders to Drake, ref 1; paraded in London, ref 1; released on ransom, ref 1; later career and death, ref 1
Valentia Island, south Kerry, ref 1
Valverde, Francisco de, ref 1
Vanguard (English ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Vázquez, Mateo, ref 1, ref 2
Vega, Antonio de, ref 1
Victory (English ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Villejo, Garcia de, ref 1
Vimory, battle of (1587), ref 1
Vineyard (English ship), ref 1
Vitres, Fr Thomas, ref 1
Walsingham, Frances, ref 1
Walsingham, Sir Francis: anti-Catholic measures, ref 1, ref 2; in France, ref 1; intelligence operations, ref 1; uncovers Throckmorton plot, ref 1; and Elizabeth’s dislike of security precautions, ref 1; plots against Mary Queen of Scots, ref 1; disbelieves rumours of Armada preparations, ref 1; lists potential traitors, ref 1; on Spain’s financial problems, ref 1; learns of letter from Philip to Sixtus, ref 1; receives intelligence on Armada preparations, ref 1; favours Drake’s plan for pre-emptive strike against Spain, ref 1; letter from Hawkins requesting naval reconnaissance expedition against Spain, ref 1; secrecy over naval expedition against Spain, ref 1; mistrusts Edward Stafford, ref 1; despatch from Drake off Portugal, ref 1; advocates attacks on Spanish treasure ships, ref 1, ref 2; on Wilcox’s papist sympathies, ref 1; spies and intelligence in Spain, ref 1, ref 2; on threat from Scotland, ref 1; pays for troops, ref 1; fears Catholic rising, ref 1; opposes Elizabeth’s peace negotiations with Spain, ref 1; and de Vega’s spying in London, ref 1; apprehension over Armada, ref 1; Howard reports to on actions, ref 1; and popular attitudes to Spaniards, ref 1; Leicester reports to on militia at Tilbury, ref 1; Howard requests reinforcements from, ref 1; orders new supplies to Howard, ref 1; Howard complains to of bureaucratic demands, ref 1; Howard warns of continuing Spanish threat, ref 1; David Gwyn slanders, ref 1; and destruction of Armada ships in Ireland and Scotland, ref 1; and Norris’s expedition against Spain and Portugal, ref 1, ref 2; and stormy weather, ref 1; death, ref 1
Walton, Roger, ref 1
weather: conditions, ref 1, ref 2
Westmorland, Charles Neville, 6th Earl of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Weston, William, SJ, ref 1
White Bear (English ship), ref 1
White, Captain Henry, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Whitgift, John, Archbishop of Canterbury, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Whitton, Captain Jacob, ref 1
Wight, Isle of: as prospective landing site for Armada, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; defences, ref 1, ref 2; advance warnings of Armada, ref 1
Wilcox, Peter, ref 1
William the Silent, Prince of Orange: assassinated (1584), ref 1
Williams, Sir Roger, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Willoughby de Eresby, Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron, ref 1, ref 2
Wiltshire, Thomas, Earl of, ref 1
Winchester, William Paulet, 1st Marquis of, ref 1
Winchester, William Paulet, 3rd Marquis of, ref 1, ref 2
Windebank, Thomas, ref 1
Wingfield, Arthur, ref 1
Winslade, Tristram, ref 1
Wisbech Castle, Cambridgeshire, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Woburn Abbey: ‘Armada Portrait’ of Elizabeth, ref 1
Wyatt, Sir Thomas, the Younger: rebellion and execution, ref 1
Wynter, Sir William, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Ycaina, Captain Pedro de, ref 1
Young, Captain John, ref 1
Zayas, Captain Alonso de, ref 1, ref 2
Zúñiga, Don Balthazar de, ref 1
Zúñiga, Don Juan de, ref 1
Zúñiga (or Patrona; Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Also by Robert Hutchinson
Last Days of Henry VIII
Elizabeth’s Spymaster
Thomas Cromwell
House of Treason
Young Henry
Copyright
An Orion ebook
First published in Great Britain in 2013 by Weidenfeld & Nicolson
This ebook first published in 2013 by Weidenfeld & Nicolson
© Robert Hutchinson 2013
The right of Robert Hutchinson to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, nor to be otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover than that in which it is published without a similar condition, including this condition, being imposed on the subsequent publisher.
The right of Robert Hutchinson to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN: 978 0 297 86638 1
Typeset by Input Data Services Ltd, Bridgwater, Somerset
Weidenfeld & Nicolson
An imprint of the Orion Publishing Group Ltd
Orion House
5 Upper Saint Martin’s Lane
London WC2H 9EA
An Hachette UK Company
www.orionbooks.co.uk
The Spanish Armada Page 47
