Tomorrow's People
Page 35
Regis, Ed, Nano!, London: Bantam Press, 1995.
Ridley, Matt, Nature via Nurture: The Origin of the Individual, London: Fourth Estate, 2003.
Rifkin, Jeremy, The Biotech Century: Harnessing the Gene and Remaking the World, London: Gollancz, 1998.
Rose, Steven (ed.), From Brains to Consciousness? Essays on the New Sciences of the Mind, London: Penguin/Allen Lane, 1998.
Russell, Bertrand, Icarus, or, The Future of Science, a response to Haldane's Daedalus lecture, published in London in 1924 by Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co. The text can be found on the internet.
Scientific American, special issue on nanotechnology, September 2001.
Stock, Gregory, Redesigning Humans: Choosing Our Children's Genes, London: Profile Books, 2002.
Swain, Harriet (ed.), The Big Questions in Science, London: Jonathan Cape, 2002.
Time magazine's V21 reports (available on the internet at www.time.com/time/reportsv21/home.html).
Tutt, Keith, The Scientist, the Madman, the Thief and Their Lightbulb: The Search for Free Energy, London: Pocket Books, 2003.
Warwick, Kevin, QI: The Quest for Intelligence, London: Piatkus, 2001.
Whalley, Lawrence, The Ageing Brain, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2001.
Wilson, Edward O., On Human Nature, London: Penguin, 1995.
Index
Adelman, Leonard 84
ageing 26–9, 31, 94–7, 131–3, 161, 197
Aldiss, Brian 54
Aleksander, Igor 5, 56, 75
Amherst, Jeffrey 219
animal engineering 133
anthrax 220
Aristotle 8
augmented reality (AR) 67–8, 139
Aum Shinrikyo 219
Bakay, Roy 64
Baker, Robin 120, 125, 136, 138
Ball, George W. 227
Bayliss, Jessica 66
Benioff, Paul 85
Benzer, Seymour 129
Bernays, Edward 110, 262
Big Brother 37–8
bin Laden, Osama 234, 237,238
Blakemore, Colin 122
Bland, Tony 207
Blumlein, Fred 13
Bohr, Niels 77–8
books 15–16, 40, 164–5, 166–8, 269
Bostrom, Nick 75
brain
cyborgs 59–60
damage 207–8, 235–6
development 148–53, 168
function 65–6, 73, 75–6,121–3
imaging 68–71,157–8, 208, 210, 235,236
manipulation 71
modelling 54, 55–6, 73–5, 76–7
psychokinesis 64–7
stem cell therapy 126–7
stimulation 151–2, 157–8
surgery 49–50, 64, 67
see also consciousness; learning
Brass, Dick 269
Buck, Peter 237
Buñuel, Luis 12
Burnet, Sir Frank Macfarlane 187
Bush, George W. 194
Calvin, William 206
Carr, Bob 266
Chapin, John 64
Charles, Prince 7
Choo, Andy 141
Clarke, Arthur C. 101–2
Clinton, Bill 194
cloning 133–6, 137
clothing 32–5
Clow, Angela 203–4
Cobb, Leonard 202
Collin, Barry 225
communication
clothing 32, 34–5
devices 56, 57
emotion 59–60, 249–50
language 58–9
touch 16
voice 57–8
work 34–5, 90
computers
development of 3, 4, 81
DNA computers 84–5
DNA wires 84
language 58–9
neurochips 82–3
neurocomputers 83–4
processing power 73–5, 77
quantum computers 85–7
consciousness 52, 54–6, 83, 188, 205–15
Crenshaw, Martha 232
Crichton, Michael 199
crime 114, 121, 223–5, 235, 237–8
cryonics 197–9
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihalyi 100
cults 232–5
Curtis, Adam 110, 262
cyborgs 4–5, 59–60
Darwin, Charles 249
Dator, Jim 179
Dell, Michael 91
Dennett, Dan 206
Dertouzoa, Michael 30
developing world 143, 265–70
DNA computers 84–5
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) 114–16, 128, 133, 144, 145, 200
dreaming 155–6, 212
drugs 31–2, 108–9, 124, 214
Dyson, Freeman 66, 71, 186, 268, 269, 270
education 148
brain development 148–53
computers and 164–5, 168–9, 172–4, 178
context vs. facts 174–5
distance learning 178
environment 151–2, 154
experience vs. ideas 172–3
Head Start 159–60
imagination 167, 169
influences on children 160, 162–5
literacy 165–6
schools 175–7
social skills 160, 164, 176
specialization 177–8
understanding 158–9, 169, 173, 175
universities 97, 178–80
see also books; learning
Einstein, Albert 191
Ekman, Paul 249–50
emotion 48
communication 59–60, 249–50
and disease 201
drugs and 108–9
robots 48, 51, 52–3
see also mood; relationships
energy
batteries 88–9
biological 89–91, 269
human body 34
sources 87–90
ethnic cleansing 221–2, 234
Evans, Glen 145
experience 172–3, 246–7
families 41–2, 125–6, 136–7, 160–62, 251, 266–7
Ferren, Bran 65
Feynman, Richard 192
Flynn, James 118
fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) 69–70
food and cooking 21–5, 28–9
free will 188–9, 216, 227, 237, 240–41
Freeman, Joan 152
Freud, Sigmund 254, 256
Fromherz, Peter 82, 83
Fukuyama, Francis 113, 118, 146
Fuller, Buckminster 14
Gates, Bill 180
gender roles 41, 97–8, 119–20
genes
and ageing 131–3
and behaviour 251–3
and brain chemistry 121–4
cloning 133–6, 137
and crime 114, 121
and disease 115–16, 124, 129
DNA 114–16, 128, 133, 144, 145, 200
and gender roles 119–20
gene therapy 25–6, 113–14, 124, 128, 140–42
germ-line engineering 140–43
and intelligence 117–18
and sexual orientation 118–19, 120–21
stem-cell therapy 27, 114, 126–7, 128
synthetic genes 143–5
see also reproduction
Gershenfeld, Neil, 15, 16, 34
GM foods 23–5
Goddard, Robert 4
Goebbels, Paul Joseph 234
Goldberg, Ken 172
Golding, William 260
Gosden, Roger 117
Grand, Steve 47, 54, 76
Gray, Jim 71–2
Gray, John 98
Grove, Sir William 88
Haffner, Sebastian 261
Haldane, J. B. S. 138, 184, 187–9, 201, 215, 216
Hameroff, Stuart 210
Harrington, John 141
Harrison, Michael 59
Hartley, L. P. I
Havel, Vaclav 227
Hawking, Stephen 46
health
benefits 24, 133
depres
sion 99, 145, 170
disease 25–6, 115–16, 124, 129
hygiene 22 monitoring 20–21, 30–31, 33
stress and 201–2
see also ageing; medicine and surgery
Hefner, Hugh 161
Heisenberg, Werner 182
Hernstein, Richard 117–18
Hetland, Lois 156
Hitler, Adolf 261
homes
butlers 38–40
domestic appliances 14–15, 21, 22, 25
furnishings 18, 20, 40
gadgets 17
kitchens 21–2
homes – cont.
mood and temperature 14, 16–17, 18, 20, 39
use of space 11–13, 14, 19–20
Horgan, John 183, 189, 232
Hubel, David 150
Hughes, John 156
human nature 7, 247, 248–9
basic drives 254, 262
concept of self 257–9, 262, 271
emotion 249–50
genes and 146, 251–3
immortality 258
laws of behaviour 250–51
metaphorical ability 255–8
public ego 259–64
seven deadly sins 254–5
see also nature vs. nurture
Huntington's Chorea 122–3
Hutchinson, Clyde 145
Huxley, Aldous 8, 108, 139, 140, 143, 187, 248
Hyperhouse 13
identity
children 41, 163
cults 232–5
depersonalization 38, 43, 62, 110–12, 146, 161–2, 239, 242–8
individuality 35, 43, 100, 110,239, 257–9, 271
public ego 259–64
teenagers 170–71
tribal identity 228–9, 233, 244
imagination 167, 169, 183
information 158–9, 164–5, 174–5, 176–7, 224
intelligence 28, 46, 47–8, 54, 55, 117–18
intelligent machines 6–7, 45, 47, 77–8
see also robots
internet
communication 59, 65, 77
e-commerce 91, 93
education 164–5, 172–3
noosphere 247
privacy 65
security 87
Ishii, Hiroshi 16
Jackson, Frank 245
Jackson, Ron 221
James, Oliver 99
Johnson, Luke 148
Jones, Christopher 98
Jones, David 197
Jordan, Keydrick 237
Joy, Bill 5, 6, 7, 8, 270
Kaczynski, Theodore 6–7
Kaku, Michio 3, 85
Keane, Fergal 233–4
Kelly, Kevin 165
Kennedy, Philip 64
Keynes, John Maynard 101
Kurzweil, Ray 4–5, 62–3, 63, 68–9, 71, 73, 75
Langley, Samuel Pierpont 3
learning 153–60
brain stimulation 151–2, 157–8
distance learning 178
learning-by-doing 153–4, 159–60, 168, 173
lifelong learning 170, 177–8
music and 153, 156–7
sleep and 155–6
leisure
cyber-stimulation 105–7
and drugs 108–9
real life 104–5, 107
and work 101–4
Leslie, John 8
Levine, Robert 104
Leyner, Mark 106, 107
light 10, 18
Lindbergh, Charles 3–4
Lipson, Hod 40
literacy 165–6, 269
Liu, Wentai 61
Lorenz, Konrad 254
MacLean, Paul 256–7, 259–60
Macmillan, Harold 1
Maquet, Pierre 152
Marsh, Henry 48
McVeigh, Timothy 229
medical profession 32, 50–51
medicine and surgery
augmented reality (AR) 67–8
designer bugs 145
implants 60–61, 64–5
nanomedicine 27, 200–201
placebo effect 202–3, 204–5, 214
plastic surgery 61–2
psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) 201–4
robots 49–51, 68–9, 71
MEG (magneto-encephalography) 70
Melis, Tasios 89
memory 72–3, 118, 153, 155
Mendel, Gregor 115
Mendel, Lafayette B. 28–9
migration 267
mind 43, 71–2, 154, 256, 258
Minkowski, Hermann 191
Minsky, Marvin 5, 45
Mitford, Nancy 78
Mithen, Steven 255–6
mobile phones 10–11, 33, 36
Mobley, Stephen 114, 237
money 17–18
mood
depression 99, 170
drugs 31–2, 108–9
environment and 17, 18, 20, 107–8
happiness 100
and immune system 203–4
Moore, Gordon 74–5
Moravec, Hans 5, 73
Murray, Charles 117–18
nanotechnology 5–6, 76–7, 173–4, 192, 193–201, 218–19
nation-states 228–9
nature vs. nurture 117–20, 135, 146–7, 251–3
Nelson, Ted 165
nerve gas 219–20
neurochips 82–3
neurotelepathy 66–7
New York Times 3, 101
O'Connor, Thomas G. 152
Orwell, George 37, 248, 263
Osborne, Thomas 28–9
Parkinson's disease 50, 127
Pauling, Linus 187
Pearson, Ian 5, 45, 77, 107
Penrose, Roger 210
Persinger, Michael 158
Pesce, Mark 163, 165, 172, 174
PET (positron emission tomography) 69
Peters, Ralph 229
Peters, Tom 92
Petersen, James 63
pets 52–3, 162–3
Phillips, Adam 161
Pinker, Steven 146, 206, 251–2
Pollack, Jordan 40
Pollick, Frank 48
Pollitt, Mark 225
Popper, Karl 215
privacy 20–21, 37–8, 42, 65, 87,104, 246
psychokinesis 64–7
psychopathy 229–30, 235
quantum theory 85–6, 182–3, 190, 210–11
Rajneesh, Bhagwan Shree 219
Ramshaw, Ian 221
‘real life' 13, 36–7, 104–5, 107, 171–2, 175
reality 41, 192, 235–6, 242
Rees, Martin 8
relationships 45–6
flirting 36, 57, 171
friendships 39–40, 43–4, 57
marriage 160, 161
sexual relationships 63, 130, 161
social skills 43, 78–9, 160, 164, 176
virtual 35, 39–40, 43, 45–6, 78–9, 168, 171
see also families
reproduction 113
artificial wombs 138–40
cloning 133–6, 137
fertility 114, 130, 131, 134, 135–6, 139
gender selection 128–9
genetic screening 117, 120, 129–30, 131, 140
germ-line engineering 140–43
paternity testing 125–6
surrogacy 135–6, 137–8
‘ synthetic’ genes 143–4
in vitro fertilization (IVF) 129, 131, 133–4
retirement 95–6
Rimm, Sylvia 162
Robinson, John 103
robots 40
consciousness 52, 54–6
DB 48
emotion 48, 51, 52–3
football 51–2
gastro-robots 89–90
intelligence 46, 47–8, 54, 55
Lucy 54, 75
in medicine and surgery 49–51 68–9, 71
nanorobots 6, 68–9, 71
pets 52–3, 162–3
rescue robots 48
Virtual Human 49
warfare 230–31
Russell, Bertrand 216, 261
Schrödinger, Erwin 182
science
automation 185, 189
biomedicine 188, 201–5
consciousness 205–15
free will 188–9, 216
general public and 184, 189
innovation 186
interdisciplinary 186–7
nanoscience 188, 192–201
private sector 184
quantum theory 182–3, 188, 190
simulation 189–90
space and time 188, 190–92
science fiction 2
Searle, John 5, 208
security 33, 37, 87, 217, 222–3
sexual experience 62–3, 130, 170
sexual orientation 41, 118–19, 120–21, 130
Shaw, George Bernard 101
Shaw, Gordon 156
shopping 19, 21, 23, 34
silicon-carbon hybrids 82–4
Silvan, Uri 84
Smalley, Richard 199
social habits 11–12
speciation 268
Spielberg, Steven 46, 54
sport 51–2,106,107, 261
status 102, 103, 246, 255–6, 258, 262
Stein, Joel 62
Steinhardt, Paul 182
stem-cell therapy 27, 114, 126–7, 128
Sternberg, Esther 201–2
Stix, Gary 193
Stock, Gregory 113, 134, 141–2, 143
stress 94, 99, 201–2
surveillance 37–8, 42
Taniguchi, Norio 192
Taymor, Julie 105–6
teenagers 169–71
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre 247
terrorism
apocalyptic 229, 230, 231–2, 238, 239
biochemical 219–23
cyber-terrorism 223–6
practical 229
reasons for 226–30, 231–8
‘ solving’ 238–41
thought control 66–7
time 35–6, 191, 243
see also leisure; work
Time 101, 134, 165
touch 15–16
toys 53, 162–4, 174
Treister-Goren, Anat 58–9
Tsien, Joe 118, 121
Turing, Alan 47
TV 18–19
understanding 158–9, 169, 173, 175, 245, 257
urbanization 266
values 7–8,163, 239, 246, 254–5, 270
Wagner, Judith 171
Waguespack. David 180
warfare 218–23, 227–8, 230–31
Warwick, Kevin 4, 5, 6, 59–60, 77
waste 29–30, 40–41
Watson, Thomas 4
Whitaker, Charlie 113–14, 129
Wiesel, Torsten 150
Wilkinson, Stuart 89
Willard, Huntington 141
Wilmut, Ian 137
Wilson, E. O. 234, 250–51
Winston, Robert 129
Woolf, Nancy 210
work 80–81
and ageing 94–7
alliances 92
communication 34–5, 90
identity 100
work – cont.
jobs 92–4
political correctness 34–5
skills 92, 93, 94
specialization 92
status 102, 103