The Storm of War: A New History of the Second World War
Page 76
46. Ibid., p. 136
47. Rees, Auschwitz, p. 18
48. Friedländer, Years of Extermination, p. 500
49. Manvell and Fraenkel, Heinrich Himmler, p. 251
50. Friedländer, Years of Extermination, p. 502
51. Ibid.
52. Ibid., p. 616
53. Gilbert, Righteous, for examples of, as the subtitle puts it, ‘unsung heroes of the Holocaust’
54. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, p. 41
55. Ibid., p. 19
56. Levi, If This Is a Man, p. 95
57. Ibid., p. 175
58. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning, p. 33
59. Greif, Wept without Tears, p. vii
60. Roseman, Villa, p. 2
61. Ibid., pp. 116–17
62. Roger Moorhouse, BBC History, 9/2003, p. 53
63. ed. Taylor, Goebbels Diaries, p. 77
64. Dederichs, Heydrich, p. 144
65. ed. Trevor-Roper, Hitler’s Table Talk, p. 512
66. Dederichs, Heydrich, p. 154
67. eds Bartoszewski and Polonsky, Jews in Warsaw, p. 338
68. Ibid., p. 342
69. David Cesarani, BBC History, 2/2002, p. 38
70. Eichmann diary, 6 September 1961, Guardian, 6/3/2000
71. Rubinstein, Myth of Rescue, pp. 160–61, 163
72. Ibid., p. 161
73. Ibid., p. 163
74. Kitchens, ‘Bombing of Auschwitz’, pp. 259–61
75. Rubinstein, Myth of Rescue, p. 177
76. Stanley, World War II Photo Intelligence, p. 348
77. Gilbert, Auschwitz and the Allies, p. 305
78. NA FO371/42817 WR 993, 1/9/1944
79. Gilbert, Auschwitz and the Allies, p. 303
80. Ibid., p. 308
81. Friedlander, Years of Extermination, p. 472
82. Ibid.
8: FIVE MINUTES AT MIDWAY
1. Fuchida and Okumiya, Midway, p. 177
2. ed. Wright, World at Arms, pp. 162–3
3. Prange, Miracle at Midway, p. 145
4. ed. Young, Decisive Battles, p. 152
5. Ibid., p. 153
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid., p. 156
8. Fuchida and Okumiya, Midway, p. 177
9. Ibid., p. 181
10. ed. Young, Decisive Battles, p. 156
11. Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1256
12. Ibid., p. 1255
13. Hastings, Nemesis, p. 26
14. Prange, Miracle at Midway, p. 395
15. BRGS 2/12
16. ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, p. 515
17. ed. Wright, World at Arms, p. 346
18. ed. Parrish, Simon & Schuster, p. 251
19. Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1250
20. ed. Wright, World at Arms, p. 350
21. Hastings, Nemesis, p. xviii
22. See the TLS debate following John Keegan’s review of Trevor Royle’s biography of Wingate, 16/6/1995 and subsequent weeks
23. KENN 4/2/5
24. Calvert, Prisoners of Hope, p. 12
25. Allen, Burma, p. 127
26. Ibid., p. 138 n. 3
27. Ibid., p. 143
28. Fergusson, Beyond the Chindwin, p. 240
29. Sykes, Wingate, p. 522
30. Such as Calvert, Prisoners of Hope and Chindits; Fergusson, Beyond the Chindwin; Masters, Road Past Mandalay; James, Chindit
31. Fraser, Quartered Safe, p. 130
32. Masters, Road Past Mandalay, p. 278
33. Hastings, Nemesis, p. 440
34. Allen, Burma, p. 662
35. Mackenzie, All Over the Place, p. 77
36. ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, p. 176
37. Allen, Burma, p. 228
38. The numbers vary: see Allen, Burma, p. 234 n. 1, and ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, pp. 653–4 for other estimations
39. Allen, Burma, p. 232
40. Ibid., p. 237
41. Campbell, Siege, p. 81
42. Allen, Burma, p. 236
43. Swinson, Kohima, p. 151
44. ed. Prasad, Reconquest of Burma, p. 279
45. Allen, Burma, p. 238
46. Brett-James, Ball of Fire, p. 320
47. Swinson, Kohima, p. 151
48. ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, p. 654
49. Allen, Burma, p. 74
50. Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1278; ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, p. 177
51. Allen, Burma, p. 74
52. ed. Cameron Watt, Mein Kampf, p. 601
53. Figures vary, but see Chang, Rape of Nanking, passim
54. Ferguson, War of the World, p. 497
55. Harvey, American Shogun, p. 236
56. See in particular Rees, Horror in the East; Williams and Wallace, Unit 731; MacArthur, Surviving the Sword; Ferguson, War of the World; Rawlings, And the Dawn
57. Felton, Slaughter at Sea, pp. 124–36, 145
58. Ibid., p. 132
59. Ibid., pp. 124–36
60. Ibid., pp. 140–44
61. Ibid., p. 148
62. Ibid., p. 151
63. Ibid., p. 172
64. Ibid., pp. 173–4
65. Ibid., p. 174
66. Ibid., p. 176
9: MIDNIGHT IN THE DEVIL’S GARDENS
1. Richardson, From Churchill’s Secret Circle, p. 123
2. ed. Young, Decisive Battles, p. 165
3. Bierman and Smith, Alamein, p. 223n
4. Hamilton, Monty: The Making of a General, p. 48
5. Hew Strachan, TLS, 12/10/2001, p. 26
6. Bierman and Smith, Alamein, p. 232
7. Ellis, Brute Force, p. 261
8. M. R. D. Foot, Spectator, 5/4/2003, p. 40
9. Ellis, Brute Force, p. 260
10. Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, pp. 139–40
11. Schulman, Defeat in the West, p. 115
12. John Keegan, Sunday Telegraph, 5/10/2002, p. A4; Bierman and Smith, Alamein, p. 339
13. Ellis, Brute Force, p. 260
14. Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 141n
15. Bierman and Smith, Alamein, p. 232
16. Atkinson, Army at Dawn, pp. 376–7
17. Chant, Code Names, p. 4
18. ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, p. 326; ed. Young, Decisive Battles, p. 167
19. ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, p. 326; Ellis, Brute Force, pp. 260–64; Bierman and Smith, Alamein, p. 256
20. Ellis, Brute Force, p. 262
21. Bierman and Smith, Alamein, p. 265
22. Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 142
23. Churchill, Grand Alliance, pp. 176–7
24. ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, p. 326
25. Ellis, Brute Force, p. 266
26. Ibid., p. 267
27. ed. Liddell Hart, Rommel Papers, pp. 285–6
28. Carver, El Alamein, p. 201
29. ed. Young, Decisive Battles, p. 166
30. ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, p. 326
31. Keegan, Second World War, p. 336
32. Ellis, Brute Force, p. 264
33. Schmidt, With Rommel, p. 175
34. Bierman and Smith, Alamein, p.282
35. Ibid., p. 312
36. ed. Liddell Hart, Rommel Papers, p. 312
37. eds Danchev and Todman, War Diaries, p. 336
38. Bierman and Smith, Alamein, p. 311
39. Alistair Horne in ed. Roberts, Art of War, p. 340
40. Montgomery, Memoirs, pp. 138–9
41. Bierman and Smith, Alamein, p. 311
42. Ibid., p. 325
43. ed. Tsouras, Greenhill Dictionary, p. 246
44. Irving, Hitler’s War, p. 328
45. Carver, El Alamein, p. 204
46. ed. Liddell Hart, Rommel Papers, p. 315
47. Allan Mallinson, Spectator, 3/8/2002, p. 36
48. Carver, El Alamein, p. 195
49. Keegan, Second World War, p. 337
50. ed. Young, Decisive Battles, p. 182
51. Ellis, Brute Force, p. 264
52. Montgomery, M
emoirs, p. 139
53. Hew Strachan, Daily Telegraph, 5/4/2003
54. eds Danchev and Todman, War Diaries, p. 250
55. Roberts, Masters and Commanders, passim
56. eds Danchev and Todman, War Diaries, p. 407
57. Royle, Patton, p. 95
58. Atkinson, Army at Dawn, p. 36
59. Royle, Patton, p. 34
60. Atkinson, Army at Dawn, pp. 33–4
61. D’Este, Eisenhower, p. 468
62. Atkinson, Army at Dawn, p. 59
63. Royle, Patton, p. 29
64. Atkinson, Army at Dawn, p. 44
65. Sainsbury, North African Landings, p. 149
66. Ibid., p. 150
67. Ibid., p. 154
68. Ian Sayer Archive
69. Max Hastings, Sunday Telegraph, 2/2/2003, p. 14
70. Atkinson, Army at Dawn, p. 57
71. ed. Kimball, Complete Correspondence, 1, p. 584
72. Atkinson, Army at Dawn, p. 28
73. Sainsbury, North African Landings, p. 158
74. Royle, Patton, p. 83
75. BRGS 2/13
76. ed. Langworth, Churchill by Himself, p. 347
77. Sainsbury, North African Landings, p. 162
78. Atkinson, Army at Dawn, pp. 368–9
79. Ibid., p. 368
80. ed. Parrish, Simon & Schuster, p. 329; Max Hastings, Sunday Telegraph, 2/2/2003, p. 14; Atkinson, Army at Dawn, p. 389; Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1197; Sainsbury, North African Landings, p. 164
81. Atkinson, Army at Dawn, p. 383
82. Ibid., p. 384
83. Ibid., p. 385
84. Butcher, Three Years, p. 231
85. Bradley, Soldier’s Story, p. 43
86. Blumenson, Patton Papers, pp. 187–90
87. D’Este, Genius for War, p. 484
88. M. R. D. Foot, Spectator, 5/4/2003, p. 40
89. Hew Strachan, Daily Telegraph, 5/4/2003; Atkinson, Army at Dawn, p. 3
90. Churchill, Onwards to Victory, p. 99
10: THE MOTHERLAND OVERWHELMS THE FATHERLAND
1. Bellamy, Absolute War, p. 526
2. Clark, Barbarossa, p. 316
3. Carruthers and Erickson, Russian Front, p. 99
4. eds Burdick and Jacobsen, Halder War Diary, p. 645
5. Liddell Hart, Other Side, p. 51
6. eds Burdick and Jacobsen, Halder War Diary, p. 649
7. Paulus Museum, Volgograd
8. eds Beevor and Vinogradova, Writer at War, p. 123
9. Grossman, Life and Fate, p. 23
10. Chuikov, Beginning of the Road, p. 154
11. Grossman, Life and Fate, p. 19
12. Bellamy, Absolute War, p. 514
13. eds Beevor and Vinogradova, Writer at War, p. 145
14. Chuikov, Beginning of the Road, p. 173
15. eds Beevor and Vinogradova, Writer at War, p. 139
16. Grossman, Life and Fate, p. 39
17. eds Beevor and Vinogradova, Writer at War, p. 135
18. Bellamy, Absolute War, p. 515; M. R. D. Foot, The Times, 16/4/1998
19. Axell, Zhukov
20. eds Burdick and Jacobsen, Halder War Diary, p. 664
21. Ibid., p. 667
22. ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, p. 1057
23. Bellamy, Absolute War, p. 515
24. eds Beevor and Vinogradova, Writer at War, p. 139
25. Bellamy, Absolute War, pp. 523–4
26. eds Beevor and Vinogradova, Writer at War, p. 141
27. Chuikov, Beginning of the Road, p. 175
28. eds Beevor and Vinogradova, Writer at War, p. 163
29. Chuikov, Beginning of the Road, p. 152
30. eds Burdick and Jacobsen, Halder War Diary, p. 670
31. Ibid., p. 671
32. Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 294
33. Chuikov, Beginning of the Road, pp. 167–9
34. Ibid., p. 165
35. eds Beevor and Vinogradova, Writer at War, p. 177
36. Chuikov, Beginning of the Road, pp. 171–2, 240
37. eds Beevor and Vinogradova, Writer at War, p. 175
38. John Erickson preface to ed. Krivosheev, Soviet Casualties, p. ix; Braithwaite, Moscow 1941, pp. 111–13
39. Braithwaite, Moscow 1941, pp. 111–13
40. Chuikov, Beginning of the Road, p. 159
41. Beevor, Stalingrad, p. 198
42. Chuikov, Beginning of the Road, p. 158
43. Ibid.
44. Bellamy, Absolute War, p. 517
45. Ibid., pp. 511–12
46. Chuikov, Beginning of the Road, p. 211
47. eds Burdick and Jacobsen, Halder War Diary, p. 345
48. Bellamy, Absolute War, p. 533
49. Ibid.
50. Thames TV, The World at War, Part Two, Disc 1
51. ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, p. 1059
52. Clark, Barbarossa, p. 321
53. Bellamy, Absolute War, p. 536
54. Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 355
55. eds Freidin and Richardson, Fatal Decisions, p. 165
56. Ian Sayer Archive
57. Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 183
58. Chuikov, Beginning of the Road, pp. 207, 236
59. eds Beevor and Vinogradova, Writer at War, p. 198
60. eds Heiber and Glantz, Hitler and his Generals, pp. 27–8
61. Manstein, Lost Victories, Appendix I, p. 554
62. Clark, Barbarossa, p. 321; Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1192; see Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 184 for slightly larger estimates
63. Thames TV, The World at War, Part Two, Disc 1
64. Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 185
65. Clark, Barbarossa, p. 321
66. Ibid., pp. 321–2
67. Chuikov, Beginning of the Road, p. 254
68. Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 194
69. Clark, Barbarossa, p. 323
70. Beevor, Stalingrad, p. 354
71. ed. Tsouras, Greenhill Dictionary, p. 464
72. eds Heiber and Glantz, Hitler and his Generals, p. 59
73. Historians dispute the exact figures: see Beevor, Stalingrad, Appendix B; Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1202; Bellamy, Absolute War, p. 550; Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 183; ed. Parrish, Simon & Schuster, p. 600
74. Bellamy, Absolute War, p. 550
75. Chuikov, Beginning of the Road, p. 359
76. John Erickson preface to ed. Krivosheev, Soviet Casualties, p. ix
77. Beevor, Stalingrad, pp. 184, 384–5
78. eds Freidin and Richardson, Fatal Decisions, p. 165
79. Nigel Nicolson, Spectator, 2/5/1998, p. 34
80. Domarus, Essential Hitler, pp. 767–8
81. Lacouture, De Gaulle: The Ruler, p. 47
11: THE WAVES OF AIR AND SEA
1. ed. Langworth, Churchill by Himself, p. 304
2. BBC, Desert Island Discs, 28/3/1988
3. Bennett, Behind the Battle, pp. 75, 241–2
4. The Times, 24/10/2008, p. 47
5. For a full explanation for how these worked, read Budiansky, Battle of Wits and Sebag Montefiore, Enigma
6. Lewin, ULTRA Goes to War, p. 14
7. Sebag Montefiore, Enigma, pp. 296–7
8. Bennett, Behind the Battle, p. xix n. 1
9. Budiansky, Battle of Wits, p. 207
10. Sebag Montefiore, Enigma, p. 297
11. Budiansky, Battle of Wits, p. 207; Hinsley, British Intelligence, 11, p. 174
12. Sebag Montefiore, Enigma, p. 359
13. Bennett, Behind the Battle, pp. 75, 241–2
14. Ellis, Brute Force, p. 133
15. Churchill, Their Finest Hour, p. 529
16. Ellis, Brute Force, p. 133
17. Ibid., p. 134; ed. Young, Decisive Battles, p. 223
18. Churchill, Hinge of Fate, p. 107
19. ed. Showell, Fuehrer Conferences, p. viii
20. Padfield, War beneath the Sea, p. 10
21. Kennedy, Pursuit, p. 22
23. Evans, Third Reich at War, p. 480
24. ed. Trevor-Roper, Hitler’s War Directives, pp. 102–3
25. Ellis, Brute Force, p. 143
26. Kennedy, Pursuit, p. 54
27. Holmes, World at War, pp. 88–9
28. Monsarrat, Cruel Sea, p. 259
29. Ibid., p. 277
30. ed. Young, Decisive Battles, p. 223
31. Evans, Third Reich at War, p. 481; see ed. Young, Decisive Battles, p. 223 for larger figures
32. Ellis, Brute Force, pp. 146–7
33. Bennett, Behind the Battle, p. 180
34. Kennedy, Pursuit, p. 24
35. Holmes, World at War, pp. 88–9
36. Monsarrat, Cruel Sea, pp. 139–40
37. Ministry of Information, What Britain Has Done, p. 51
38. Churchill, Grand Alliance, p. 107
39. Kennedy, Pursuit, pp. 24–5
40. Ibid., p. 85
41. Wheal and Pope, Dictionary, p. 58
42. Kennedy, Pursuit, p. 86
43. Wheal and Pope, Dictionary, p. 58
44. Bennett, Behind the Battle, p. 66
45. ed. Trevor-Roper, Hitler’s Table Talk, p. 708
46. Bennett, Behind the Battle, p. 66
47. Ibid., p. 181
48. Monsarrat, Cruel Sea, p. 369
49. Ibid.
50. NA War Cabinet Minutes WM (42) 124th Meeting, p. 148
51. Bennett, Behind the Battle, p. 174
52. Ellis, Brute Force, p. 147n
53. Bennett, Behind the Battle, p. 184
54. Holmes, World at War, pp. 168, 229
55. Evans, Third Reich at War, p. 481
56. Budiansky, Battle of Wits, pp. 284–6
57. Bennett, Behind the Battle, p. 194
58. Budiansky, Battle of Wits, pp. 285–6
59. Holmes, World at War, pp. 168, 229
60. BRGS 2/15
61. ed. Young, Decisive Battles, p. 238
62. Ibid., p. 239
63. ed. Showell, Fuehrer Conferences, p. 331 ed. Young, Decisive Battles, p. 224
64. ed. Showell, Fuehrer Conferences, p. 334
65. Evans, Third Reich at War, pp. 327–8
66. Bennett, Behind the Battle, p. 197
67. Monsarrat, Cruel Sea, p. 259
68. Padfield, War beneath the Sea, p. 374
69. Donald Michie, Spectator, 25/2/2006, p. 39
70. Watkins, Cracking the Luftwaffe Codes, p. 19
71. Holmes, World at War, pp. 167, 229–30; Ellis, Brute Force, p. 144; Bennett, Behind the Battle, p. 182
72. ed. Young, Decisive Battles, p. 224
73. Ellis, Brute Force, p. 157, table 6
74. Ibid., p. 158
12: UP THE WASP-WAIST PENINSULA
1. Churchill, Dawn of Liberation, p. 86
2. Clark, Anzio, p. 13
3. Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1199