The Storm of War: A New History of the Second World War
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invasion of Crete 126, 127;
invasion of Poland 21, 51, 430;
invasion of USSR 156, 170, 177;
invasion of Yugoslavia 124;
Italian campaign 390, 405;
losses 44, 66, 97, 105, 108, 127, 423, 458–9;
Mediterranean campaign 128;
morale 106;
North African campaigns 284, 289, 307;
Norway campaign 39, 40, 41, 44;
pre-war expansion 3, 349–50;
Spanish Civil War 4–5;
and Stalingrad 335–6, 337, 339, 340, 587;
and tank warfare 527–8;
and Warsaw Uprising (1944) 537
Luga river 157
Lumsden, Lieutenant-General Herbert 287, 291, 293
Lunghi, Hugh 454
Lungo, Mount 385, 386
Lusitania, RMS 188
Lütjens, Vice-Admiral Günther 359
Lüttwitz, General Heinrich von 506
Lützow (battleship) 10, 11
Luxembourg 52, 55, 73, 504, 506
Luzon 205, 208, 260, 565, 567, 570, 573
Lvov 18, 26, 162, 244, 246, 534
Lyme Regis 92, 93
Lympne 96, 99
Lynd, Robert Wilson 69
Lynn, (Dame) Vera 104
Lyon 73, 82
Lyudnikov, Colonel L. 329
M-30 (Russian howitzer) 425
MacArthur, General Douglas 207, 208–9, 211, 305, 565, 568, 572–3, 577
McAuliffe, Brigadier-General Anthony C. 506
McBeath, Lieutenant-Commander John 104
McCain, Vice-Admiral John 565–6
McCloy, John 248
McCreery, Major-General Sir Richard 379, 404
MacDonald, Ramsay 4
Macedonia 125
Machiavelli, Niccolò, The Prince 573
Machinato Line 569
MacIntyre, Captain Donald 357
Mackensen, Field Marshal August von 75
Mackensen, General Eberhard von 394, 398, 405
Mackenzie, (Sir) Compton 270
Mackesy, Major-General Pierse 42
McNair, Lieutenant-General Lesley J. 486
Madagascar 84; Madagascar Plan 221–2, 583
Magdeburg 563
Magic (cipher decrypts) 190, 347
Maginot, André 52
Maginot Line 52–3, 154, 202, 416
Maine, USS 188
Maisky, Ivan 366
Maison Blairon 62, 587
Malacca Straits 571
Malan, Adolf ‘Sailor’ 96
Malaparte, Curzio, Kaputt 179, 408
malaria 209, 212, 259, 266, 274
Malaya 188, 201, 202–4, 206, 207, 210, 568, 602
Maleme 126
Malinovsky, General Rodion 531, 549
Mallinson, Allan 455
Malmédy 505
Malta 127, 132, 149, 284–5, 300, 380, 588, 602
Mamerdov, Konstantin 530
Manchester, Avro (bomber) 438
Manchuria 274, 555
Mandalay 212, 262, 567
Mandel, Georges 80
Manhattan Project 573, 574
Manila 208, 278–9, 280
Manila Naval Defence Force (Japanese; MNDF) 278–9
Manipur 269
Mannerheim, Field Marshal Baron Carl von 31, 34
Mannerheim Line 30, 33, 34, 182
Manstein, Field Marshal Erich von: background and career 20, 409–10; character 410–11;
created field marshal 316;
Eastern Front 316, 318, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338–9, 344–5, 409, 410, 412, 425, 521, 522, 528, 530, 590, 591;
as military strategist 410, 411, 530;
Operation Zitadelle (battle of Kursk) 412, 413, 416, 424–5, 601;
relations with Hitler and Nazis 76, 410, 521, 522, 530, 590, 595, 600;
Sichelschnitt (Sickle Cut) manoeuvre 49, 51–2, 53, 76, 410;
trial 530, 593;
and war crimes 227, 584, 593;
Lost Victories 584
Manstein, Lieutenant-General Georg von 409
Manstein Plan (Operation Sichelschnitt/Sickle Cut) 49, 51–2, 53, 76, 410
Manston 99
Manteuffel, General Baron Hasso-Eccard von 57, 504, 505, 507, 591
Mao Songsan Ridge 274
Mao Zedong 268
Maoris 296
Maquis (French Resistance) 79, 81, 82–3, 85, 117, 470, 471, 489; reprisals against 479–80
March, Cyril 435
Mareth Line 301, 310, 313
Mariana Islands 105, 475, 575
Markelov (Russian colonel) 328
Market Garden, Operation 502, 506
Marne river 499
Marseille 56
Marshall, General George C.: appointed Army chief of staff 142;
background and character 302;
and dropping of atomic bombs 572–3, 576;
expansion of armed forces 195;
and Germany First policy 564, 605;
and Italian campaign 375, 403, 449;
and North African campaigns 303, 307, 312;
and Overlord (Allied Normandy landings) 466, 469;
and Pacific campaign 568, 572–3;
and Pearl Harbor 193;
relations with British 302, 303;
relations with Eisenhower 305;
relations with Roosevelt 594;
relations with Truman 547;
support for early invasion of France 302, 303, 310, 318
Marshall Islands 191
Martuba 300
Mash, Private Bob 120
Mass Observation (polling organization) 105
‘master race’ 19, 27, 44, 76, 140, 394
Matilda (British tank) 54, 128, 525
Matsuoka, Yosuke 140, 197, 589
Mauriac, Jean 488
Maus (German tank) 525
Mawlu 265
Maxwell, Brigadier D. S. 206
Mechelen-sur-Meuse 48, 56
Mechili 121, 127
Medmenham 348
Meiktila 212, 566, 567
Mein Kampf (Hitler) 15–16, 19, 26, 89–90, 135, 138, 144, 195–6, 220, 275, 524
Mellenthin, Major-General Frederick von: on invasion of Belgium, France and Holland 53, 54, 55, 73; on invasion of Poland 17–18, 24, 27;
on invasion of Yugoslavia 124–5;
on Moltke 14;
on North African campaigns 284, 589;
on Operation Zitadelle (battle of Kursk) 413, 415–16, 418, 422;
on Stalingrad 337, 341, 344;
on strategic retreats 597;
on withdrawal from Russia 522–3;
Panzer Battles 14
Memel 541
Menin 64
Mensheviks 29
Menzies, Sir Robert 210
Merchant Navy (British) 109, 360, 367, 373–4
Meretzkov, General Kirill A. 528
Merkur/Mercury, Operation 126
Mers-el-Kébir see Oran
Mersa Matruh 120, 132, 300, 301
Merville 59
Messerschmitt, Willy 446
Messerschmitts (aircraft) 445, 525; Me-109 21, 67, 95–6, 281, 290;
Me-110 95–6, 145;
Me-262 446, 527–8, 586
Messervy, Major-General (Sir) Frank 134–5
Messina 376, 385
meteorology 177–8, 469
Metz 499, 503
Meuse, River 51, 52, 56–7, 410, 501, 502, 503, 506, 507, 591
MI5 (British security service) 464, 470
MI6 see SIS
MI19 (British military intelligence division) 492–7
Mianyang 264
Michie, Donald 372
Middleton, Major-General Troy 504
Midway (atoll) 189, 193, 252, 253, 602
Midway, battle of (1942) 198, 251, 252–7, 274
Mihailovič, Colonel Draža, 125
Milan 405–6
Milch, Field Marshal Erhard 75, 141–2, 438, 439, 446, 582, 593
Mill, John Stuart, On Libe
rty 596
Millin, Piper Bill 471
Milner-Barry, Stewart 349
Mindanao 567
mines: Atlantic campaigns 36, 37, 438; Eastern Front 415;
North African campaigns 133, 135, 287–8;
Tellermines 381
Ministry of Home Security (British) 69
Ministry of Information (British) 35, 69
Minsk 153, 157, 179, 532, 533, 534
Mirabeau, Honoré Riqueti, Comte de 24
Mishkova, River 339
Missouri, USS 577
Mitchell, R. J. 96–7
Miteiriya Ridge 287, 293
Mittland 436
Mius river 175
Miyazaki, Major-General Shigesaburo 270, 273
MNDF (Japanese Manila Naval Defence Force) 278–9
Model, Field Marshal Walther: and Ardennes Offensive 503, 504, 507, 510, 595–6; character 528–9;
created field marshal 530–31;
Eastern Front 528, 530–31, 533–4, 535–6, 539–40, 591, 595;
Nazism 492;
Operation Zitadelle (battle of Kursk) 412, 413, 417–18, 420, 421;
relations with Hitler 528, 533, 535–6, 595;
suicide 514;
Western Front 487, 501, 536, 539–40
Mogaung 266
Mogilev 533
Möhne dam 441
Mohnke, General Wilhelm 64, 505
Moletta river 398, 406
Moll, Otto 231–2
Molotov, Vyacheslav 10, 26, 29, 34, 144, 157, 195
Molotov cocktails 30, 183, 244, 330
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact see Nazi–Soviet Pact (1939)
Moltke, Helmuth von the Elder 14, 177, 543, 600
Moltke, Helmuth von the Younger 136
Moltke, Helmuth James (July Bomb Plotter) 483
Mongmit 264
Mongolia 323
Monowitz 248
Monsarrat, Nicholas, The Cruel Sea 115–16, 355–6, 359, 365, 372, 578
Monschau 504
Montbéliard 117
Montcornet 57
Monte Cassino, battles of (1944) 386–90, 391–3, 591
Montevideo 37, 358
Montgomery, Field Marshal Bernard (later 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein): and Allied advance into Germany 497, 498, 499–500, 501–2, 514, 550; and Ardennes Offensive 504, 506, 508–9;
background and character 211, 282–3, 286, 291, 313, 377;
with BEF 56, 283, 291;
and Dieppe Raid 283;
his double 463–4;
Italian campaign 376, 377, 379, 381, 382;
Normandy campaign 461, 466–7, 478, 486, 487;
North African campaigns 135, 282, 283–4, 285–7, 289, 291–300, 310, 313, 351, 593;
relations with Americans 508–9, 514, 602
Montgomery, Elizabeth 282
Montherme 56
Montoire 80
Montry 56
Moore, Sergeant Stanley 64
Moravia 9, 242
Morgan, Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick 461
Morison, Rear-Admiral Samuel Eliot 254
Morocco 301, 303, 306, 308, 385
Morovskaya 339
Morrison, Herbert (later Baron Morrison of Lambeth) 557–8
Morshead, Major-General (Sir) Leslie ‘Ming the Merciless’ 290, 297
Morville 499
Moscow: battle of (1941–2) 151, 415; bombing of 158, 174;
German advance on 159, 166, 170–71, 173–4, 175, 365;
German failure to take 168–70, 174–5, 176, 315, 316, 318, 599;
Hitler’s plans for capture 152, 153, 166, 315;
victory parades 534–5, 561
Moscow Defence Museum 159
Moscow, Treaty of (1940) 34, 38
Moselle 503
Mosty 16
Moulin, Jean 82–3
Moulmein 211
Mountbatten, Admiral Lord Louis (later 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma) 269, 318–19
Mozhaysk 173
Mrocza 28
Mrs Miniver (film) 104–5
Mulberry Harbours 464, 477, 606
Müller, Rolf-Dieter 456
Munich 332, 432, 510; Bürgerbräu beerhall 480
Munich Agreement (1938) 8, 17, 45, 59, 97
Murmansk 44, 45, 355, 364, 434
Musser, William (steward) 277
Mussolini, Benito: declares war on Allies 70; execution 405–6;
intervention in Spanish Civil War 4–5;
invasion of Greece 122;
and North African campaigns 119, 120;
overthrown 376–7;
Pact of Steel with Hitler 9;
and possible peace negotiations between Britain and Germany 68;
relationship with Hitler 123, 589;
Salò Republic 405;
visits Hitler after July Bomb Plot 482
Mustang (fighter) 445–6, 586, 606
mustard gas 568
Mutaguchi, Lieutenant-General Renya 267, 269, 273–4
Mutschmann, Martin 457
Myitkyina 262, 269
Nacht und Nebel (night and fog) Decree 512
Naga Hills 265, 270–71
Nagara (cruiser) 255
Nagasaki 566, 573, 576, 577
Nagoya 214
Nagumo, Admiral Chuichi: attack on Pearl Harbor 186, 190, 192;
battle of Midway 252, 253–6
Namsos 41–2
Nanking, Rape of (1937) 268, 275
Nantes 73
Naples 284, 375, 378, 380, 381, 394
Napoleon I 14, 86, 291, 558; and Hitler 73, 137, 148, 150, 160, 179–80, 181, 501;
invasion of Russia 137, 148, 150, 160, 167, 171, 177, 180, 181, 344, 416
Napoleon III 57, 608
Narev river 17
Narva 528
Narvik 39, 40, 41, 42–3, 71, 104
Nash, Paul 96
Nashville, USS 567
National Guard (United States) 313, 385
NATO 460
Nautsi 30
Nazi–Soviet Pact (1939) 10, 25, 26, 29, 149, 151, 539, 603
Nazism: German generals and 580–85; and German war effort 574, 596, 607–8;
intolerance of debate 100;
racial ideology 19, 27, 76, 148, 163, 590, 607–8;
use of science 573–4;
view of Führer 151, 491–2
Neisse river 543, 550
Nepalis 271, 390
Nero, Roman Emperor 395
Netherlands see Holland
Nettuno 393, 395, 396
Neurath, Baron Konstantin von 5
Nevsky, Alexander 174
New Caledonia 569
New Deal programme (United States) 197
New Guinea 210, 252
New Yorker (magazine) 575–6
New Zealand: servicemen in Allied forces 107, 125, 133, 210, 291, 300, 385, 389, 390, 392, 454, 477; 2nd New Zealand Division 290, 296, 301;
5th Brigade 126
Nicholas, Grand Duke of Russia 120
Nicholls, Major-General John ‘Crasher’ 290
Nicholson, Flight Lieutenant J. B. 106–7
Nicolson, (Sir) Harold 35
Niemen, River 180
Night of the Long Knives 1, 16, 242
Nijmegen 502
Nikolayev 530
Nile, River 132, 285, 286
Nile Army (British) 120
Nimitz, Admiral Chester W. 252–3, 257, 572–3, 577
Ninth Army (French) 53, 56
Ninth Army (German) 171, 412, 417–18, 553
Ninth Army (Russian) 30, 31
Ninth Army (United States) 503, 506, 509, 514, 550
Ninth Panzer Army 421
NKVD (Russian secret service): atrocities in occupied territories 162;
and battle of Stalingrad 323, 326, 344;
and German invasion 155, 174, 183;
Katy– massacre 25;
in Poland 25, 27;
and Russian war effort 520, 530;
10th NKVD Rifle Division
323
Nobel prizes 574
Nomura, Kichisaburo 187, 190
Norfolk, HMS 361–2, 363
Normandy: air raids on 84, 246, 439, 479, 486; Allied landings (1944) see Cobra, Operation; D-Day landings; Overlord, Operation;
BEF (1940) 71
Norrie, Lieutenant-General C. W. M. (later 1st Baron Norrie) 122
North-West Army (French) 55–6
Northern Cape 39, 44, 364, 365
Norway: Allies’ planned invasion 38–9, 45, 591, 595; armed forces 39;
German forces stationed in 463;
German invasion 35, 38–45, 91, 92, 358;
merchant navy 45;
neutrality 34, 38, 39;
puppet government 43;
servicemen in Allied forces 477
‘Not One Step Back’ Orders (Stalin’s) 161, 183, 326
Novgorod 171, 222, 528
Novy Borissov 166
nuclear and atomic weapons 117, 429, 550, 565, 566, 571, 573–7, 598, 608
Nuremberg 496; bombing of 453;
Nazi party rallies 453
Nuremberg Laws 4, 447
Nuremberg Trials 7, 25, 39, 447, 497, 510, 558, 562, 580, 582–3, 593
Nurnberg (cruiser) 549
Oahu, Hawaii 185, 186, 200
Obama, Barack 579
Oberkommando des Heeres see OKH
Oberkommando der Wehrmacht see OKW
Obersalzberg 146–7; Documentation Centre 246
Oboyan 421
Observer Corps (British) 99
O’Connor, General (Sir) Richard 120–21, 121–2, 123, 127, 128
O’Daniel, Brigadier John W. 402
Oder, River 542, 543, 545, 548, 550, 596
Oder–Neisse Line 543
Odessa 532
Oechsner, Frederick 194
Office of Economic Stabilization (United States) 198
Office of Price Administration (United States) 197
Office of Production Management (United States) 198
Office of Strategic Services (United States; OSS) 293
oil: American 129, 186; Hungarian 544, 545;
Middle Eastern 126, 129, 132, 149, 285, 286;
Romanian 124, 142, 167, 381, 539, 593;
South-East Asian 186, 211, 213, 589;
Soviet 139, 149, 154, 316, 589;
supplies to Japan 186–7, 589;
synthetic oil 236, 248, 432, 445, 446, 453, 539, 574
OKH (Oberkommando des Heeres; German Army High Command): and Allied Normandy invasion 473;
capitulation to Russians 560;
composition of 18;
invasion of France 60;
invasion of Poland 20;
invasion of USSR 124, 141;
Operation Zitadelle (battle of Kursk) 412;
reorganization of divisions 529;
and tank warfare 526;