World's End (The Lanny Budd Novels)

by Upton Sinclair

  “They feel the same way about the war. Jesse can’t see any difference at all between French and Germans.”

  “I don’t think that’s exactly true of Robbie,” said the boy, hesitatingly—for he didn’t like to talk about his father in this connection. He added: “I’ve never understood my uncle’s ideas, but I know how Robbie despises them.”

  “It’s a case of extremes meeting, I suppose,” remarked the other. “Jesse is an out-and-out revolutionist. He blames all the trouble on big financiers trying to grab colonies and trade. He says they use the governments for their own purposes; they start wars when they want something, and stop them when they’ve got it.”

  “Well, it looks like this one might have run away with them,” commented the boy.

  “Jesse says not so,” replied the other. “He thinks the British oil men want Mesopotamia, and they’ve promised Constantinople to Russia, and Syria to France. Also they want to sink the German fleet. After that their oil will be safe, and they’ll make peace.”

  “Do you believe anything like that, Marcel?”

  The voice that came from behind the white silk veil had a touch of grimness. “I’d hate having to think that I’d had my face burned off to help Royal Dutch Shell increase the value of its shares!”

  V

  Lanny wrote to his father: “I am finding it hard to think as you want me to.” And of course Robbie understood that. He had met Americans returned from France, and seen how bitter they were against the Germans; he knew how many of the young fellows had joined the French Foreign Legion, or the Lafayette Escadrille, a group of American fliers fighting for France. One day Lanny received a long typewritten letter from his father, postmarked Paris. He understood that it had been brought across by some friend or employee.

  “If I were with you,” wrote the father, “I could answer all the things that people are telling you. As it is, I have to ask you to believe that I have the answers. You know that I have sources of information and do not say that I know something unless I do. I am making this emphatic because your happiness and indeed your whole future may be at stake, and I could never forgive myself if you were to get caught in the sticky flypaper which is now being set for the feet of Americans. If I thought there was any chance of this happening to you I would come at once and take you away.”

  After that solemn preamble, the head of the European sales department of Budd Gunmakers went on to remind his son that this was a war of profits. “I am making them myself,” he said. “Budd’s couldn’t help making them unless we gave the plant away. People come and stuff them into our pockets. But I don’t sell them the right to do my thinking for me.

  “Germany is trying to break her way to the east, mainly to get oil, the first necessity of modern machine industry. There is oil in Rumania and the Caucasus, and more in Mesopotamia and Persia. Look up these places on the map, so as to know what I’m telling you. England, Russia, and France all have a share, while Germany has none. That’s what all the shooting is about; and I am begging you to paste this up on your looking glass, or some place where you will see it every day. It’s an oil man’s war, and they are all patriotic, because if they lose the war they’ll lose the oil. But the steel men and the coal men have worked out international cartels, so they don’t have to be patriotic. They have ways of communicating across no man’s land, and they do. I’m a steel man, and they talk to me, and so I get news that will never be printed.”

  What the steel men were doing, Robbie explained, was selling to both sides, and getting the whole world into their debt. Robbie’s own income for this year of 1916 would be five times what it had been before the war, and the profits of the biggest American powder and chemical concern would be multiplied by ten. “The gentleman whom you met with me in Monte Carlo is keeping very quiet nowadays; he doesn’t want to attract attention to what he is doing, which is stuffing money into all the hiding places he can find. I would wager that his profits before this slaughter is over will be a quarter of a billion dollars. He has put himself in the same position as ourselves—he couldn’t help making money if he wanted to.”

  But that wasn’t all. These international industrialists had taken entire charge of the war so far as their own properties were concerned. The military men were allowed to destroy whatever else they pleased, but nothing belonging to Krupp and Thyssen and Stinnes, the German munitions kings who had French connections and investments, or anything belonging to Schneider and the de Wendels, masters of the Comité des Forges, who had German connections and investments. Any army man who attempted to win the war by that forbidden method would be sent to some part of the fighting zone that was less dangerous for the steel kings and more dangerous for him.

  Said the father: “I could tell you a hundred different facts which I know, and which all fit into one pattern. The great source of steel for both France and Germany is in Lorraine, called the Briey basin; get your map and look it up, and you will see that the battle line runs right through it. On one side the Germans are getting twenty or thirty million tons of ore every year and smelting it into steel, and on the other side the French are doing the same. On the French side the profits are going to François de Wendel, President of the Comité des Forges and member of the Chamber of Deputies; on the other side they are going to his brother Charles Wendel, naturalized German subject and member of the Reichstag. Those huge blast furnaces and smelters are in plain sight; but no aviators even tried to bomb them until recently. Then one single attempt was made, and the lieutenant who had charge of it was an employee of the Comité des Forges. Surprisingly, the attempt was a failure.”

  Robbie went on to explain that the same thing was happening to the four or five million tons of iron ore which Germany was getting from Sweden; the Danish line which brought this ore to Germany had never lost a vessel, in that service or any other, and the Swedish railroads which carried the ore burned British coal. “If it hadn’t been for this,” wrote the father, “Germany would have been out of the war a year ago. It’s not too much to say that every man who died at Verdun, and everyone who has died since then, has been a sacrifice to those businessmen who own the newspapers and the politicians of France. That is why I tell you, if you are going to be patriotic, let it be for the American steel kings, of whom you may some day be one. Don’t be patriotic for Schneider and the de Wendels, nor for Deterding, nor for Zaharoff!”

  VI

  Lanny kept that letter and studied it, and thought about it as hard as he knew how. He did not fail to note the curious thing that Marcel had commented upon, the similarity of his father’s views with those of the outlawed uncle. The uncle and the father agreed upon the same set of facts, and they even drew the same conclusion—that nobody ought to be patriotic. The point where they split was that Robbie said you had to stuff your pockets, because you couldn’t help it; whereas Uncle Jesse—Lanny wasn’t sure what he wanted, but apparently it was to empty Robbie’s pockets!

  Lanny took this letter to his mother, and it threw her into a panic. Politics and high finance didn’t mean much to her, but she thought about the effect of such news upon her husband, and made Lanny promise not to mention it to him. Just now he was putting the finishing touches on his “Sister of Mercy,” and was much absorbed in it. If the French weren’t winning the war, at least they weren’t losing it, so Marcel could be what his wife called “rational.” As it happened, it was in that Briey district that he had been sitting in a kite balloon, surveying those blast furnaces and smelters which were the source of the enemy’s fighting power. He had been praying for the day when France might have enough planes to destroy them. If now the terrible idea was suggested to him that la patrie had the power, but was kept from using it by traitors, who could guess what frenzy might seize him?

  So Lanny took the letter to his adviser in international affairs, M. Rochambeau. This old gentleman represented a small nation which was forced to buy its oil at market prices, and had never engaged in attempts to despoil its neighbors; there
fore he could contemplate problems of high finance from the point of view of the eighth and tenth commandments. When Lanny expressed his bewilderment at the seeming agreement between his conservative father and his revolutionary uncle, the retired diplomat answered with his quiet smile that every businessman was something of a revolutionist, whether he knew it or not. Each demanded his profits, and sought the removal of any factor that menaced his trade or privileges.

  Lanny, whose mind was questioning everything and wondering about his own relation to it, was thinking a great deal about whether he wanted to follow in his father’s footsteps and become the munitions king of America, or whether he wanted to play around with the arts. And now he heard this old gentleman, who knew the world and met it with suavity, point out the difference between business and art. One might look at a Rembrandt picture, or hear a Beethoven symphony, without depriving others of the privilege; but one couldn’t become an oil king without taking oil away from others.

  Said Lanny: “My father argues that the businessman creates wealth without limit.”

  Replied the other: “The only thing that I have observed to be without limit is the businessman’s desire for profits. He has to have raw materials, and he has to have patents, and if he has too many competitors, his profits vanish.”

  “But Robbie argues that if he invents a machine gun”—the boy stopped suddenly, as if doubting his own argument.

  “Every invention has an intellectual element,” conceded the other. “But the machine gun is obviously intended to limit the privileges and possessions of other men. Just now it is being used by the oil kings to make it impossible to get any oil except on their terms. And isn’t that a sort of revolution?”

  Having thus disposed of Robert Budd as a “Red,” the elderly ex-diplomat went on to deal with him as a pacifist; remarking, with the same gentle smile, that it had been long since kings were men of brawn, riding at the head of their retainers and splitting skulls with a battle-ax. The invention of machinery had produced a new kind of men, who sat in offices and dictated orders which put other men at work. If they felt that their interests required war they would have it; but they themselves would remain safe.

  “Do you know any Latin?” asked M. Rochambeau; and when the answer was no, he quoted a verse of the poet Ovid, beginning: “Let others make war.” The old gentleman suggested that these words might serve one of the great munitions families on its coat of arms. “Bella gerant alii!” He was too polite to name the Budd family, but Lanny got the point, and reflected that if his father had heard this conversation, he might have put M. Rochambeau on the prohibited list along with Uncle Jesse!

  VII

  Rosemary was back in England, and wrote now and then, letters cool and casual as herself. “I enjoyed our meeting so much,” she said—just like that! You could hear Miss Noggyns or some other of those feminist ladies telling her: “Don’t take it too seriously. That’s the way women are made to suffer. Let the men do the suffering!”

  So Lanny learned his own lessons. Don’t wear your heart on your sleeve; don’t make yourself too cheap. Among the fashionable young people at Juan was an American girl who gave evidence of being willing to console him; she was pretty, and svelte, as they all kept themselves, and her silks and satins and lawns and what not were cut to the latest pattern; she cast seductive glances at a handsome playmate, just emerged into manhood and conscious of it, blushing easily, and with strange messages flashing along his nerves. The world was at war, and nothing was certain, and young and old were learning to take their pleasures as they found them.

  But Lanny had dreams of shining and wonderful things in love. He thought it over, and told his mother about this too willing miss, and Beauty asked: “Is she interested in what you are thinking? Does she say anything that appeals to you especially?” When the boy admitted that she hadn’t so far, Beauty said: “Then what will you talk about? How will you keep from being bored?”

  So he would go off and lose himself in his piano practice. He could find highly exciting things in music and poetry. His anthology contained a poem by Bobby Burns, who spoke with authority concerning sexual prodigality: “But, och! it hardens a’ within, An’ petrifies the feelin’.” Lanny resolved to wait awhile, and maybe Rosemary would find that she missed him more than she had expected.

  She wrote about Rick, who had finished his training and left for France. He had had two days’ leave and had come home, looking splendid in his khaki uniform. He had been so happy at getting what he wanted. Not a word about sadness in going away, and Lanny understood that there hadn’t been many words—that was the English way. “Cheerio! Business as usual!”

  A few days later a card came from Rick himself. No address on it, except the number of his unit in the Royal Flying Corps. “Fine setup here. Wish I could write you all about it. Jolly lot of fellows. Hope I can keep up with them. Write me the news. How’s old Sophocles? And when are the Americans coming in? Rick.”

  Lanny could picture these jolly fellows in their camp a few miles behind the lines. It would be about the same as the one he had visited on the rolling Salisbury Plain. Eager young chaps with cheeks of bright red; smooth-shaven, except for now and then a dapper little mustache; no “side,” provided you belonged in the right class; taking whatever came with a laugh; willing to die a hundred deaths but not to shed one tear. The English magazines were full of pictures of them, some smiling, some grave, all handsome; each with a string of old English names: “Lieutenant Granville Fortescue Somers, R.F.C. Killed in action, Vimy. Oct. 17, 1916.” So it went.

  VIII

  There was mourning all around Lanny Budd; women in black everywhere on the streets. Women in terror, trembling every time they heard a knock at the door; afraid to look at a newspaper with its stories of wholesale slaughter. Poor Sophie de la Tourette was visiting Sept Chênes to help re-educate the victims; not really caring much about them, but feeling that she had to do something, because Eddie was doing something, everybody was doing it, you had to or you’d go crazy.

  Letters came from the ambulance driver; his baroness brought them to Beauty, and Lanny had a chance to read them. The exciting occupation was having an unexpected effect upon a rather dull young American whose only previous achievements had been in billiard matches and motorboat races. He wanted Sophie to share his adventures, and wrote quite vivid prose.

  He was sleeping in a half-demolished barn, and the French peasants’ manure pile had become a leading feature of his life, the least unpleasant of the smells of war. He was living on bully beef, and a can of chicken from Chicago made a holiday. In front of him were the French trenches, and behind him the French artillery, and he tried to count the number of shots per minute, but it couldn’t be done because they overlapped. You were on duty for a twenty-four-hour stretch, and the ambulance would be ordered out at any moment of the day or night. You drove without lights, in mud anywhere from three inches to three feet deep, and you heard all the familiar jokes about seeing a cap lying in the road and stooping to pick it up, and finding that there was a man under it, walking to town, or perhaps riding horseback. Keeping an ambulance right side up on such a road was really a lot of fun, and trying to see the shell holes at night made you wish you had a pet cat along. Sometimes the shell holes were made especially for your ambulance, and that was something you made bets about with your brancardier. You wore a helmet, “just in case.”

  “Have you seen Old Bill?” inquired Eddie, and enclosed one of Captain Bairnsfather’s cartoons, with which the English at the front were teaching themselves to laugh at calamity. “Old Bill” was a Cockney with a large mustache and a serious expression; he was shown crouching in a shell hole with bombs going off all around him, and saying to his companion, angrily: “Well, if you knows of a better ’ole, go to it.” And there was the elderly colonel who had come home for a brief leave and found that he couldn’t get along outside the trenches. He had had one dug in his garden, and was sitting out in it on a rainy night, half covere
d with water, and with an umbrella over his head.

  That was the sporting way to take war. The Americans living in France became ashamed of themselves and of their country. You just couldn’t stay amid all that grief and desperate agony, and go on playing cards and dancing, going to the dressmaker and the hairdresser as you had done in the old days. It grew harder and harder for Lanny, and now and then he would find himself thinking: “I’ll have to ask Robbie to turn me loose.”

  He helped himself a little by reading German books and playing German music, and remembering Kurt and the other warmhearted people he had met at Schloss Stubendorf. He hadn’t heard from Kurt for quite a while, and could only wonder, did it mean that he had gone to the front and been killed, or had he too become disgusted with Americans—because they didn’t do anything to stop the Allied blockade which was starving the women and children of the Fatherland? Lanny wrote another letter, in care of Mr. Robin, and received a reply from the oldest of the two little Robins:

  “Dear Mister Lanny Budd: My papa has maled the letter that you sended. I am lerning to right the English but not so good. I have the picture that you sended my papa and feel that I know you and hope that I meat you when no more it is war. Yours respectful Hansi Robin. P.S. I am twelve and I practice now Beethoven’s D-major romance for violin.”

  IX

  The end of the year 1916 was a time of bitter discouragement for the Allied cause. Rumania had come into the war and been conquered. Russia was practically out, and Italy had accomplished little. The French armies were discouraged by having been too many times marched into barbed-wire entanglements and mowed down by machine guns. And on top of all that came the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare. The German high command had made up their minds that even if America came in, the destruction of Allied commerce would be so great that Britain would be brought to her knees before America could do anything effective. At the end of January notice was given that all shipping in British and French waters, and in the Mediterranean, was subject to attack without warning. In January the total destruction of shipping was 285,000 tons; in the following April it rose to 852,000.