Gila Hadar teaches Judeo-Spanish language and Sephardic studies at Haifa
University. Her principal area of interest is Sephardic Jewish history, with special
emphasis on the Sephardic family, women and marriage, and Salonika Jewry. She
holds a Ph.D. from Haifa University and has received fellowships and grants from
the Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture, Moreshet Foundation for Sephardic
Studies, and Yad Ben Zvi Institute. Her recent publications include “Marriage
Patterns among the Sephardic Jews of Northern Morocco” (in Hebrew), “Régie
Vardar: A Jewish ‘Garden City’ in Thessaloniki” (in Greek); “Engraved in Stone:
The Feminine Voice in Ladino in the Jewish Cemetery of Thessaloniki” (in Ladino
and Hebrew); and “Socialist Popular Culture in Thessaloniki” (in Greek).
Svetlana Ivanova is Associate Professor in the History Department of Sofia
University, where she teaches the social history of Bulgarian lands, Christian and
Muslim cultures, and ethnoreligious groups and minorities in the Balkans. She holds
a Ph.D. from St. Kliment Ohridsky Sofia University with a dissertation entitled
“The Mahalle in Bulgarian Towns, Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries.” She was a
Research Fellow at the Oriental Department of the National Library in Sofia, where
she conducted research on Ottoman court records. She has published widely
on the social micro-structures of Muslims and non-Muslims in pre-modern times,
notably on marriage in the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire, and is the
co-editor of Muslim Culture in Bulgarian Lands (in Bulgarian) and Inventory of
Ottoman Turkish Documents about Waqf Preserved in the Oriental Department
at the St. St. Cyril and Methodius National Library.
Angela Jianu is currently completing a book on the activities of eastern and central
European exiles in Paris and London after the revolutions of 1848. She holds a
Ph.D. from the University of York (U.K.) with a dissertation entitled “Women and
Society in the Romanian Principalities, 1750–1850”—an exploration of the role
of women in the emergence of modern Romania.
Peter Mario Kreuter is with the Institute of the History of Medicine, University
of Bonn, where he conducts research on the influence of popular witchcraft
beliefs and of popular medicine on Paracelsus and his works. He holds a Ph.D.
from the University of Bonn and has worked both as a scholar and researcher in
history, linguistics, and ethnography, and as scientific expert for radio and TV
list of ContriButors
363
documentaries about history and popular folk beliefs in southeastern Europe. His
publications include Vampire Belief in Southeast Europe (in German), and he is
currently preparing a study on cultural developments in the Danubian Principalities
during the eighteenth century.
Sophia Laiou is Lecturer of Ottoman History in the Department of History,
Ionion University. He principal research interests are the social and economic
life of the islands of the Aegean Sea and the Greek mainland during the Ottoman
period (from the fifteenth century through the eighteenth). She holds a Ph.D. from
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, with a dissertation entitled “The Island of
Samos during the Ottoman Period, 16th–18th Centuries: Aspects of the Social and
Economic Life.” Other publications include “Alliances and Disputes in the Ottoman
Periphery: The Monastery of Leimon (Mytilene) and its Social Environment in the
17th Century”; “The Levends of the Sea in the Second Half of the 16th Century:
Some Considerations”; and “Remarks on the Topography and Settlements Network
of the Island of Samos in the 17th Century” (in Greek).
is a research scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. He holds a Ph.D. from M.I.T. and has taught there as well as at Harvard
University. His research interests include women in Islam and the representation
of Muslim women, sexuality and discourses of the Other, and the Islamic arts of
the book. His publications include The Erotic Margin: Sexuality and Spatiality in
Alteritist Discourse; The Fair Circassian: Adventures of an Orientalist Motif (in
Turkish); and European Women Captives and their Muslim Masters: Narratives
of ‘Turkish’ Captivity (in Turkish).
Mirna Šolić is a doctoral student in the Department of Slavic Languages and
Literatures at the University of Toronto. Her main areas of research are modern
Czech literature and comparative South-Slavic literatures, as well as cultural and
identity studies in these contexts. As a journalist she has contributed to various
publications, writing extensively on contemporary Croatian and Bosnian literatures.
Her article on the cultural and political importance of Bosnian Franciscans, “The
Other Bosniaks,” was published in Bosnian Institute News and Analysis. Her
essays on traumatic experiences in contemporary Bosnian literature, and on the
new former-Yugoslav emigré literatures in the North America, are forthcoming.
She is currently conducting doctoral research on changes of genres, the notion of
home, and travel in the Czech literature of the 1930s.
Selma Zečević is Lecturer in Islamic Studies at York University (Toronto). She
has received a MPhil degree from Columbia University, where she is currently
completing her Ph.D. dissertation entitled “On the Margin of Text, On the Margin
of Empire: Geography, Identity and Fatwa Text in Ottoman Bosnia.” Her research
interests include the history of legal interpretation in, the construction and
interpretation of gender in legal texts from, and the representation of gender in
colonial narratives about Ottoman Bosnia. Her forthcoming publications include
entries on Islamic law in the Balkans in the Encyclopedia of Law.
InDEx
abortion 166, 257
Arabian Nights 209
abstinence 11–12, 31
Argyroupolis 47
adultery 155, 161, 166–7, 173, 188,
Armenian 52, 153, 244, 249–50, 276,
190, 243, 246–7, 257, 264
293, 301
see also zina
tales 52
Aegean 2, 243–4, 247, 256, 265–7
Asia Minor 45-50, 56, 61, 69, 71,
Adzemijski 78
229
see also Alhamiado
Greek invasion 49–50
Adrianople 2, 36, 218, 289
heritage 49
see also Edirne
western coast 56
Afghanistan 55, 71
Asiatic 8, 14, 20, 211, 224, 273
African 26, 124, 190, 331, 358
despotism 8
Ahmed of Mostar 7, 125, 339–47
luxury 20
Ali Paşa 113, 194, 280
‘ashq, aşk 83
Albania 2, 142, 280, 290–1, 293, 299
ašikovanje, âşıklık 83
Alexander the Great 25, 46
Athens 24, 42, 44, 47, 50, 69–71,
Alhamiado 78
149–50, 260, 264–71, 302, 333
see also Adzemijski
Austro-Hungarian 6, 312
allowance 155, 159–60, 172, 174–5,
Ayas Paşa 107
177, 179, 181, 245, 251–2
see also nafaka, nafaqa
Bakhtin 79
Anatolia 48, 125, 137, 145, 194–5,
ballads
222, 267, 338, 353
Bosnian 4, 5, 73–98
Arabic
Dalmatian 311
language 27, 78-9, 83, 102, 119–20,
European 75, 81
145, 157, 249, 327, 329, 338,
folk 73, 77–8, 98, 311
340, 357, 360
Greek 80
ruling class 26
barbarians 221, 283, 300
366
Women in the ottoman Balkans
belle Grecque 12, 34, 43
women 21–3, 279
benefactors
female 101, 115
canon 5, 79, 168, 182, 252, 273
male 106–7
law 155, 162, 170, 186–8, 196–7,
bishop 153, 155, 163–6, 168, 173,
247
178, 261, 266, 309
literary 310–1, 315
bishopric 154, 156, 163, 165, 173,
capitalism 7
181, 186–9, 197–8
Caucasus 13, 57
Black Sea 45–6
chants 80
Bosnia and Herzegovina 98, 100–1,
chastity 12, 44, 64–5, 83, 253, 279,
111, 118–9, 125, 330, 333, 357
285
Alhamiado/ Adzemijski 78
children 40, 53, 56, 113, 155, 160,
ballads 4, 5, 73–6, 78, 81, 86
177, 180–1, 237, 243, 251–3,
language 78–9, 101, 119
256–7, 292
literature 78–9, 311, 338–9
childbirth 24, 60, 231–3
muftis 7, 335, 337–41, 346–8,
custody 158, 243, 251–3, 337
353–4, 358
grandchildren 115
Ottoman 100–1
guardian 156, 160, 171, 176–7,
urban culture 80, 217, 328
251–3
women 101, 111, 118
Christian
women’s songs 79–82, 98, 312–4,
Catholic 5, 153, 182, 196, 279,
316, 318–20, 322, 324, 328–9,
323–4, 326, 329
333
ethics 11
see also sevdalinka
millet 2, 8, 45, 193
Botić, Luka 4–5, 307, 311–5, 320–32,
Orthodox 7, 154–5, 162, 165, 178,
334
196, 198, 246, 248, 259, 265,
bourgeoisie 137, 139
291
Bulgaria 2, 4, 7, 128, 131, 134, 142,
women 21, 31, 161–3, 165–7,
144, 149-50, 153-200
169–75, 185, 187, 189, 191,
“Bulgarian Horrors” 276, 278, 287
261–3, 265–9, 271, 278–9, 328
Christians 155, 165, 198
captive 282, 286, 299
language 4, 144, 149, 180
divorced 177–83
literature 168
mixed marriage 179–81
medieval 164-5, 191, 193
shari‘a court 153–7, 159, 243–59
Byron, Lord (George Gordon Byron,
single 177–9
6th Baron Byron) 8, 273, 280,
Cinderella 52–4, 57–60, 68–71
284, 301
Circassian 5, 21–2, 29, 35, 276, 281,
Byzantine 25, 29, 37, 46–7, 69, 139,
299, 304
155, 162, 196, 207, 221, 246,
cihaz 158
267–8
see also dowry
Byzantium 2, 21, 25, 46, 49, 268
class 3–5, 7, 16, 49, 74–5, 86, 88, 97,
Commonwealth 1, 9
146, 202, 211, 214, 218, 221, 226,
law 246–5, 260–1, 267
269, 307
princesses 23
lower 77, 216, 313
index
367
middle 11, 137, 139–40
defter 101–22, 124, 357
women 139–40
desire 11, 23, 53, 81, 129, 163, 180,
upper 19, 26, 82, 205, 209, 220,
248, 258, 293
337, 357
male 14, 58, 86–8, 159, 254, 327
working 127–9, 133, 138–9, 141–2,
female 16–8, 30–3, 327–8
149, 151
dialogue 46, 55–6, 67, 77, 97, 290,
coffeehouse 137
313, 340
Colchis 24
divan 78–9, 178, 205, 208, 244
colonial 72, 79, 296, 304, 308
poetry 78–9
concubine 5, 12, 20, 31, 34
style 78
Constantinople see Istanbul
divorce 166, 174, 248
conversion 2, 11–3, 28–9, 31–2, 34,
conditional 159, 174
145, 197, 245, 252, 322, 325–8
consensual 246, 250, 252–3, 261
courting 80, 83–5, 140, 313, 315, 319,
ecclesiastical 250, 253
328
irreversible 172
see also ašikovanje, âşıklık
non-Muslim 171
court
triple 158-60
bishopric 165
see also hul
communal 244, 256–7, 259–60, 270
see also talak
ecclesiastical 156, 163, 173–5,
see also tefrik
186–7, 245–7, 250, 252–3, 261,
dowry 129–30, 141, 143, 150, 155,
268
158, 170, 175, 177, 187, 191,
episcopal 244, 250
204–5, 223, 246–9, 252, 255
Ottoman 125, 154, 156, 181, 195–7,
see also cihaz
243–54, 256, 258–9, 262,
see also mehr, mahr
267–9, 359
Dracula 231, 241
Crete 24, 57, 168, 325–6
Drama 50, 144
history 243, 270, 295
dress 20, 59, 134, 139, 201, 206–11,
Crimea 48
213–6, 221–3, 227, 230
Croatia 4–5, 8, 307–34
codes 213, 227
literature 307–8, 311, 321, 323,
history of 201
329–31, 333–4
Turkish 206, 209–11, 213, 223,
national consciousness 308
230
pastorals 309
Customs
Edirne 2, 289
local 84, 88, 167, 257, 266
education 4, 6, 48–52, 100–3, 105,
Slavic 73, 196
107–8, 112–6, 118, 138, 203, 217
Cyprus 26, 191, 195, 243, 257–8, 267
East
code 11, 31
Dalmatia 308–11, 314, 319, 329,
duality of 28
331–4
encounters with 28, 34
dance 19–20, 53, 59, 76, 80, 289, 332
and Islam 27, 28
see also kolo
and West 21, 28, 34
Danube 7, 194, 212, 218
women 35, 125, 151–2, 193, 195
368
Women in the ottoman Balkans
ecclesiastical
propaganda 136
court 163, 186–7, 246–7, 250,
strife 7, 127, 136
252–3, 268
ethos 5, 78, 88, 216–7
divorce 250, 253
Ottoman 88
Europe 217–20, 226, 228–30, 232,
eunuch 17–9, 24, 294, 304
234, 266, 278–9, 283, 287, 294,
black 18–9, 24
302–3, 307–8, 310, 358
Europe
Europeanization 7, 201–5, 207, 209,
eastern 9, 24, 201, 230
211, 213–5, 217, 219, 221, 223,
Europeanization 7, 201, 203, 205,
225–9
207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217,
Egypt 36, 43, 55, 70, 125, 196, 199,
219, 221, 223, 225, 227, 2
29
222, 270
ballads 75, 81
women 55
consciousness 13
elite 6–7, 21, 26, 78, 80, 98, 182, 214,
hero 53
221–2, 258, 339, 353–4
lifestyles 219
consumption 214
superiority 28
educated 26, 354
tales 52
women 7, 214
exile 4, 6, 45–6, 48, 53, 60, 63, 66,
endowment
262, 283, 303, 321
administrator 107
exoticism 16, 42, 44, 204, 209, 309,
joint 105
315
independent 101
pious 6, 8, 99–103, 105, 107, 109,
fable 63
111–5, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125,
family
338
Greek 152
and women 99, 104, 106
Jewish 143, 150
see also vakıf, vakuf, waqf
nuclear 177
enlightenment 28, 42–4, 217, 226,
patriarchal 45, 59, 140–4, 174
230, 232
relations 53, 161–3, 165, 173–5,
epic 78–9, 98, 329–30, 332–3
177, 181–2, 188, 190–9, 205,
Epeiros 60
218–20, 223, 226–7, 237–8,
eroticism 14, 16–7, 20, 25, 32, 44,
243–4, 247
274, 295, 304
responsibilities 74
fantasies 14, 16
values 11, 13, 55, 62–4, 127
ethnic 3–4, 23, 28, 180, 201, 203–5,
fantasy 20, 25, 75, 77
222, 293, 295, 325, 331–2
Far East 55
characteristics 49
fashion 7, 29, 33, 87, 155, 201–27,
diversity 1, 13, 49
307
ethnicity 3, 7, 69, 128, 149, 209
European 201, 211, 213–5, 221
ethno-religious 8, 49
fathers 28, 66, 105, 118–9, 129, 145,
identity 16, 127, 274, 332
266, 269, 291, 294
integrity 49
fatwa see fetva
minority 45, 48, 66
female
origins 28
beauty 27
index
369
benefactors 101, 105, 115
307, 329, 349
body 11, 18
critics 79
characters 64
folk 77
individuality 14
high 79
literary sterility 79
poetic 73
physical inaccessibility 82
traditional 79
purity 17
Georgia 24, 44, 70
tales 59–60, 62–4
Germany 27, 66, 97
themes 56
stories 54
vampire 231–42
Germans 53–4, 147, 216–7, 232,
wages 132
234, 239, 277–9, 297, 301–2
workers 130–8, 141–3, 145
Greece 2, 21–2, 29, 37–8, 45–51, 53,
fetva, fatwa 7, 335, 337, 339–40,
56, 59–62, 64, 69, 71, 127, 136–7,
Women in the Ottoman Balkans: Gender, Culture and History Page 66
