by Ami Pedahzur
Germany
Ghul, Adnan Mahmud Jaber al-
Gideonim
Gilad, Amos
Gillon, Carmi
Givati. See Sayeret Givati
Global Coalition against Terrorism
Gluska, Eyal
Golani. See Sayeret Golani
Goldwasser, Ehud
Grapes of Wrath understandings
Great Arab Revolt of 1936
Greece, Athens airport attack of 1973
Grissom, Adam
Gruber, Shlomo
GSS. See General Security Service
Gur, Motta
Gurel, Eliyahu
Guri, Yehudit
Guriel, Boris
Habash, George
Haddad, Wadie
Hafez, Mustafa
Haganah
Haj, Dawoud
Hajaj, Ahmed
Haled, Leilah
Halevy, Ephraim
Halevy, Ilan
Halil, Shirin
Hallaq, Ahmed
Hamad, Kamal
Hamad, Osama
Hamas; assassination of Hamas leaders; and charitable institutions; economic embargo on Hamas government; financing of terrorism; and Hezbollah; origins of; Pi Glitot oil and gas depot attack; and Rabin; and Second Lebanon War; suicide attacks; and Wachsman abduction
Hamshari, Mahmud
hamulas
Hamza, Abu
Hanif, Asif Mohammed
Haniya, Ismail
Haran, Danny and Einat
Hardan, Iyad Mahmud Naif
Harel, Isser
Haridi, Amro al-
Harizat, Abdel Samed
Harkabi, Yehoshafat
Harmelin, Yossef
Hassan, Crown Prince of Jordan
Hatib, Sheikh Nimer al-
Hawatmeh, Nayef
Hefetz, Assaf
Herzog, Chaim
Hezbollah; abduction of senior members; adoption of abductions as tactic; assassination of senior members and their relatives; Buenos Aires bombing of 1994; charitable institutions; conflicting assessments about; and defensive model; described; escalation of tensions in the 1990s, ; and financing of terrorism; and Hamas; and Iran; and jurisdictional rivalry among intelligence organizations; and Operation Grapes of Wrath (1996); origins of; prisoner exchanges; and Second Lebanon War; “sleeper” cells; suicide attacks
hijackings: bus hijackings; and hostage rescue; impact on Israeli policy; and Jordan; and Sayeret Matkal; security measures; “Skyjack Sunday,”. See also Entebbe Airport hostage situation
Hirsch, Yitzhak
histaarev
Hofi, Yitzhak
Horev, Amos
Horev Commission
Horowitz, Michael
hostage rescue operations: Bus 300 affair (1984); capabilities of Yamam passed over; and competition among elite units; and criminal justice model; and defensive model; Entebbe Airport (1976); and establishment of Yamam; Gurel rescue (2003); lack of training for; Ma’alot school hostage crisis (1974); Misgav Am kibbutz (1980); “Mothers Bus” affair (1988); and Munich Olympics of 1972; policy recommendations; public pressure on policymakers; and Sabena Airlines hijacking of 1972; Savoy Hotel incident of 1975; terrorists’ advantages in siege situations; training for; Wachsman case (1994). See also abductions, as terrorist act
human intelligence (HUMINT): and Aman; and first intifada; and Great Arab Revolt of 1936; GSS network in the occupied territories following 1967 war; and Hamas; and jurisdictional rivalry; and second intifada; and Shai; and suicide attacks
Hussein, King of Jordan
Hussein, Saddam
Husseini, Abdel-Kader al-
Husseini, Haj Amin al-
IDF. See Israel Defense Forces
innovation. See military innovation/ adaptation
institutionalization, as hindrance in counterterrorism
intelligence organizations; in Argentina; early organizations; effect of pressure at the top; and first Magna Carta; formation of new organizations upon Israeli independence; institutionalization as hindrance for; intelligence capabilities undermined by interagency rivalries; intelligence capabilities undermined by retaliatory assassinations; international cooperation/noncooperation; and peace process; policy recommendations; and problems with terrorism as top priority; rifts caused by Mossad assassinations. See also Aman; General Security Service; human intelligence; interagency competition; interrogation of suspects; Mossad; Political Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Sayeret Matkal; Shin Bet; signal intelligence; visual intelligence
interagency competition: attempts to mitigate; and conflicting assessments; and early organizations; first Magna Carta; jurisdictional rivalry among intelligence organizations; and prestigious operations; reasons for; reasons for policymakers’ preference for GSS; and responsibility for thwarting attacks; and scarce resources; and second intifada; second Magna Carta; state comptroller’s assessment of issues; unwillingness to cooperate and share knowledge/information
Internal Security Services. See also Shin Bet
interrogation of suspects: death of detainees; effect of pressure at the top of intelligence organizations; and first intifada; and jurisdictional rivalry between Aman and GSS; legal issues; methods described; and suicide attacks; and Wachsman abduction
intifada, first
intifada, second (al-Aqsa intifada); assassinations in response to; conflicting assessments about; and improved terrorist capabilities; and interagency competition; and Iran; Operation Defensive Shield; and Separation Fence as defense against suicide attacks
IRA. See Irish Republican Army
Iran: and Buenos Aires bombing of 1994, and financing of terrorism; and Hezbollah; and origins of suicide tactic; and second intifada
Iraq
Irish Republican Army (IRA)
Islamic Jihad, international. See also Palestinian Islamic Jihad
Israel: control over Palestinians following independence; emergence of counterterrorism doctrine in the pre-state and early post-state period (1920s to 1950s); formation of intelligence organizations upon independence; Grapes of Wrath understandings; international condemnation for retaliatory raids; Madrid summit of 1991; Oslo Accords; overview of intelligence community; overview of thwarting forces; and problems with terrorism as top priority; Second Lebanon War; Sinai War (1956); UN Partition Resolution; violations of policy on not surrendering to demands of terrorists; war of 1967. See also counterterrorism; Gaza Strip; intelligence organizations; national security organizations; occupied territories; policymakers; public; terrorist acts; West Bank; Yishuv
Israel Defense Forces (IDF); and Din Veheshbon operation in Lebanon; first counterterrorism force (see Unit 101); and first Lebanon war; institutionalization as hindrance for; and Israeli independence; Operation Defensive Shield; Operation Grapes of Wrath (1996); policy recommendations; and second intifada; and Second Lebanon War; and war of 1967. See also Aman; assassinations, as counterterrorist tactic; elite units; Israeli Air Force; Israeli Navy; retaliatory raids; Sayeret Matkal; Shin Bet
Israeli Air Force (IAF); Arad abduction (1986)
Israeli Navy
Israeli police. See police force
Italy
Iyad, Abu
Jabarin, Sufian
Japanese Red Army
Jibril, Ahmed
Jibril, Jihad
Jibril prisoner exchange
Jihad, Abu
Jihad, Umm
Jijazi, Mohammed
Jordan: artillery strikes from; attacks on Jordanian politicians; as base for 1960s attacks; and hijackings; Karameh raid of 1968; and Mashal assassination attempt; mass arrests of PLO activists and expulsion of PLO headquarters
Kadosh, Yaakov
Kahan Commission
Kalmanovich, Shabtai
Kanafani, Ghassan
Kano, Khader
Karine A
Karmi, Raed
Kasfi, Jawad
Ka’ush, Kamal
Kendall, S
ean
Kfir (900) Brigade
Khalil, Mohammad (Sheikh Khalil)
Khamenei, Ali
kidnapping. See abductions, as counterterrorist tactic; abductions, as terrorist act
Kimche, David
Klingberg, Marcus
Kolberg, Ziv
Kubaysi, Basil al-
Kuhlmann, Brigitte
Kuntar, Samir
Lakam
Lebanon; and Arad abduction (1986); artillery strikes from; assassination of Bashir Gemayel; conflicting assessments about; as destination for Palestinian organizations expelled from Jordan; Din Veheshbon operation (1993); Fatah military forces in (1970s); first Lebanon war; Grapes of Wrath understandings; and Hamas; and Hamza assassination; and Iran; and jurisdictional rivalry among intelligence organizations; Operation Grapes of Wrath (1996); Phalange massacre at Sabra and Shatilla refugee camps; rise of Hezbollah; Second Lebanon War; “security zone” in southern Lebanon as buffer; and Syria; and terrorist attacks of the 1970s. See also Hezbollah
letter bombs
Levi, Kochava
Levine, Amiram
Levy, Moshe
Lipkin-Shahak, Amnon
Livne, Zvi
Lod Airport massacre (1972)
Lotan, Lior
Lubrani, Uri
Maale Akrabim road attack (1954)
Ma’alot school hostage crisis (1974)
Machane Yehuda Market suicide attack (1997)
Madrid summit of 1991, 94
Magna Carta, first
Magna Carta, second
Maimon, David
Maimoni, Jean-Jacques
Majzoub, Mahmoud al-
Majzoub, Nidal al-
Makadmeh, Ibrahim
Maklef, Mordechai
Maronite Christians
Mashal, Khaled
media: and Bus 300 affair; and Entebbe Airport hostage situation; and policy recommendations; and Shai’s intelligence activities; television as “theater of terror,”
Meir, Golda
Menem, Carlos
Metulla District
Meyari, Ali el-
MI6
Mike’s Place suicide attack (2003)
military. See also elite units; Israel Defense Forces
Ministry of Defense
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Misgav Am kibbutz hostage situation (1980)
missile attacks. See artillery strikes on Israel; artillery strikes on southern Lebanon
mistaaravim
Mofaz, Shaul
Mohtashamipour, Ali-Akbar
Mordechai, Narkiss
Mordechai, Yitzhak
Moreno, Emanuel
Mossad; and Entebbe Airport hostage
situation; and first Lebanon war; intelligence capabilities undermined by retaliatory assassinations; intended function of; investigation of Argentina embassy attack of 1992, investigation of Argentina suicide attack of 1994, and jurisdictional rivalry over Lebanon; and Maronite Christians; and Operation Wrath of God; origins of; and Oslo Accords; and rivalry over thwarting terrorists attacks; worldwide intelligence gathering. See also assassinations, as counterterrorist tactic
“Mothers Bus” affair (1988)
Mubarak, Hosni
Mughniyah, Fuad
Mughniyah, Imad
al-Muhajiron group
Munich Olympics attack of 1972, questionable connections between assassination targets and Munich
Murr, Elias
Musawi, Abbas
Muslim Brotherhood
Nagl, John
Nahal. See Sayeret Nahal
Najjar, Mohammed Yusef
Nasrallah, Hassan
Nasser, Kamal
Nasser, Wael Talib Mohammed
national security organizations; counterterrorist focus of policymakers as window of opportunity for; organizations of the 1920s to 1950s(see also Haganah; Shai); problems with terrorism as top priority. See also elite units; intelligence organizations; interagency competition; Israel Defense Forces
Nativ
Netanyahu, Binyamin
Netanyahu, Iddo
Netanyahu, Yoni
Netherlands, and financing of terrorism
Netiv Meir School
Night of the Pitchforks
Nili
Noah’s Ark operation
Nohra, Mofid
Nohra, Ramzi
Obeid, Abdel Karim
Obeid, Keis
occupied territories: buffer zone between West Bank and Israeli territory (Separation Fence); control of Palestinian population following 1967 war; GSS network in the occupied territories following 1967 war; and Oslo Accords; Palestinian enmity toward Israel due to settlements west of the Separation Fence; special forces in; and suicide attacks. See also Gaza Strip; intifada, first; intifada, second; West Bank
Okamoto, Kozo
Okudaira, Takeshi
Operation Defensive Shield
Operation Grapes of Wrath
Operation Sharp and Smooth
Operation Spring of Youth
Operation Wrath of God
Oranim Plan
Oslo Accords
Oudeh, Shams
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO); Arafat’s assumption of control over; assassination of members; expulsion from Jordan; and first intifada; and first Israeli semidefensive model; and Madrid summit of 1991, origins of; and Oslo Accords; as umbrella organization. See also terrorist acts
Palestinian Authority: and division of authority among intelligence organizations; economic embargo on Hamas government; and Israeli assassination policy; and second intifada; and suicide attacks
Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ); assassination of PIJ leaders; and financing of terrorism; and Rabin; suicide attacks
Palestinian Liberation Front
Palestinian National Front in the occupied territories
Palestinian terrorist groups. See terrorist groups, Palestinian
Palestinians: and Black September (1970); change in conflict from territorial dispute to ideological/theological dispute; control of Palestinian population in the occupied territories following 1967 war; election boycotts; Great Arab Revolt of 1936; grievances ignored; need for health and welfare services; Palestinian enmity toward Israel due to settlements east of the Separation Fence; Phalange massacre at Sabra and Shatilla refugee camps; refugees and the early years of Israeli statehood; and UN Partition Resolution
Palmach
paratroopers; Karameh raid of 1968; and Qibya village raid; and second intifada; and Unit . See also Sayeret Matkal
Passover Massacre (2002)
Peled, Ruby
Peled, Yossi
Peleg, Hagai
Peres, Shimon
Peretz, Meir
PFLP. See Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
Phalange (Lebanese Kataeb Party)
Pi Glitot oil and gas depot attack
Pico, Giandomenico
PIJ. See Palestinian Islamic Jihad
PLO. See Palestine Liberation Organization
police force; establishment of Yamam as hostage rescue unit; excluded from decision making; and first intifada; and policy recommendations; and second intifada. See also Yamam
policy recommendations
policymakers: capabilities of Yamam passed over by; close ties with armed forces; and conflicting assessments by intelligence organizations; and military innovation/ adaptation; perceptions of elite units; preference for GSS; problems with terrorism as top priority; and public perceptions of defensive model; public pressure in hostage situations; and scarce resources; war model as result of election pressure; war model as result of public pressure on
Political Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP); airport attacks; assassination of PFLP leaders; hijackings; Israeli assassination of leaders; and Operation Wrath of God
Popular Resistance Committees
Poraz, Nir
/> Posen, Barry
prevention stage of defensive model. See also defensive model
prisoner exchanges
psychological impact of terrorism; and policy recommendations
public: perception of defensive model; and policy recommendations; pressure on policymakers in hostage situations; public perception of Shamir during first intifada; and Second Lebanon War; and television as “theater of terror,” war model as result of election pressure on politicians; war model as result of public pressure on policymakers
Qablan, Jamal
al-Qaeda
Qana village shelling (1996)
Qawasmeh, Abdullah Abd al-Kader Husni al-
Qawuqji, Fawzi al-
Qibya village raid
Quba, Khalil al- (Abu Yusuf)
Rabbani, Mohsen
Rabin, Yitzhak: and Arad abduction; assassination of; and division of authority among intelligence organizations; and “Mothers Bus” affair; and reconciliatory model; return to war model; and Savoy Hotel incident of 1975; and suicide attacks; and Wachsman abduction
Rafa, Mahmoud Kassem
Rafsanjani, Hashemi
Rahim, Ziad
Ram, Victor
Ramat Hakovesh kibbutz
Ran
Rantisi, Abd al-‘Aziz ‘ali ‘Abd al-Hafiz a-
Rechamim, Mordechai
reconciliatory model; defined/described; ignored; and policy recommendations; and Rabin
reconstruction stage of defensive model
Red Army Faction (Germany)
Red Brigades (Italy)
Regev, Eldad
research methodology
Resistance of the Believers
retaliatory raids; and first Lebanon war; ineffectiveness in decreasing Palestinian violence; Karameh raid of 1968; Qibya village raid; questionable connections between targets and terrorist acts. See also abductions, as counterterrorist tactic; assassinations, as counterterrorist tactic
ricin
Rimawi, Ramez
Rimon Unit
Rome airport attack of 1973
Ron, Alik
Rosan, Nawaf al-
Rosen, Stephen
Ross, Dennis
