4th of July, Asbury Park

by Daniel Wolff

The uprising targeted Asbury Park Evening Press, July 6, 1970.

  three quarters of the buildings Ibid., July 7, 1970.

  three A.M. Ibid., July 6, 1970.

  "cool it" Ibid.

  184 harassing Ibid., July 7, 1970.

  Fisch's Ibid., July 8, 1970.

  Cahill Ibid., July 7, 1970.

  "We feared" Ibid.

  "this has been brewing a long time" Ibid.

  185 ransacking Ibid.

  "There seemed to be no organization" Ibid.

  Mayor Mattice Ibid., July 11, 1970 MCAP meeting Ibid., July 7, 1970.

  186 "This doesn't take any more time" Ibid, noon Tuesday Ibid., July 8, 1970.

  "Hey, they're going east!" Ibid.

  "several hundred blacks" New York Times, July 8, 1970.

  Black Liberation flag Asbury Park Evening Press, July 8, 1970.

  around three thirty Max Gunther, "TV Coverage of Racial Riot," TV Guide, September 26, 1970, 8-11.

  187 "like a corpse" Asbury Park Evening Press, July 8, 1970.

  television reporter Gunther, "TV Coverage."

  "In any organization" Smith interview.

  Forty-six people injured Asbury Park Evening Press, July 8, 1970.

  twenty-five troopers Ibid., July 9, 1970.

  188 neighboring Neptune Ibid., July 8, 1970.

  Hamm "West Side Story."

  the mayor met again Asbury Park Evening Press, July 10, 1970.

  black peace patrol New York Times, July 9, 1970.

  Governor Cahill Asbury Park Evening Press, July 10, 1970.

  troopers withdrawn Ibid., July 12, 1970.

  Hamm emerged from the meeting Ibid.

  By eleven that night Ibid.

  180 persons injured Knebbel, "Cop Named Joe."

  189 "a particular irony" New York Times, July 9, 1970.

  "urban pathology" Asbury Park Evening Press, August 11, 1975.

  "The riots was just the end of it" Author's interview with Carl Williams. Parreott Author's interview.

  FOURTH OF JULY, 1978

  191 Tallent Author's interview.

  192 Springsteen on water tower Conversation with author.

  193 "The best parts of those days" Ken Viola, Vini Lopez interview "Growin'

  Up, Pt. 3," Thunder Roads magazine, 1979.

  194 "was going to do original songs" Robert Santelli, "Vini Roslyn," Back-streets, Winter 1987.

  "We used to play" Marc Eliot with Mike Apel, Down Thunder Road:

  The Making of Bruce Springsteen (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992), 38.

  Steel Mill was touring Allen C. Schery, "California Dreaming," Back-streets, Fall 1987.

  "We were popular in a small area" Eliot, Down Thunder Road, 41.

  the band's "following" Asbury Park Press, July 17, 1970.

  "jam-packed" Author's interview with Sancious.

  driven across country Randy Cepuch, "Robbin Thompson," Backstreets, Fall 1986.

  195 "rocks a little differently" Eliot, Down Thunder Road, 41.

  Springsteen didn't hang on Springwood Conversation with author.

  Glory Road Author's interview with Tallent.

  196 "When we first played together" Dave Marsh, Born to Run: The Bruce Springsteen Story (Garden City, NY: Dolphin Books, 1979), 95.

  Springsteen recalls Conversation with author.

  Ku Klux Klan had reappeared Asbury Park Press, April 25, 1971.

  Crosses burned Ibid.

  eight feet in the air Asbury Park Press, April 28, 1971.

  197 gotten into a shouting match Knebbel "Cop Named Joe."

  The police accused Hammary Asbury Park Press, April 24, 1971.

  stabbed to death Asbury Park Press, April 25, 1971.

  Parreott's eulogy Ibid.

  kerosene-soaked cross Ibid., April 28, 1971.

  Sundance Blues Band Ibid., April 30, 1971.

  performing with Springsteen Ibid., July 2, 1971.

  198 Bill Graham Ibid., April 30, 1971.

  "We had to fight our way" Ibid., July 1, 1971.

  "Basically" Author's interview with Tallent.

  Delores Holmes Author's interview with Holmes.

  199 "the darkest, dingiest, dampest" Marsh, Born to Run, 16.

  $13.75 Ibid., 10.

  "Don't you bring those people" Author's interview with Holmes.

  200 Tom Potter's old apartment Springsteen conversation with author.

  "Amidst the old hairdryers" Bruce Springsteen, Songs (New York: Avon Books, 1998), 6.

  "primarily an acoustic record" Ibid., 23.

  "great funky riffs" Peter Knobler with Greg Mitchell, "Who Is Bruce Springsteen and Why Are We Saying All These Wonderful Things About Him?" Crawdaddy, March 1973; reprinted in Very Seventies: A Cultural History of the 1970 s (New York: Simon &L Schuster, 1995).

  201 another cross Asbury Park Press, January 12, 1973.

  last payment on its debt Ibid., October 26, 1975.

  The Casino had burnt New York Times, May 18, 1979.

  Convention Hall Ibid., May 14, 1972.

  "swimming pool" Ibid., April 26, 1971.

  Wesley Lake Ibid., October 12, 1975.

  defeated Mattice Ibid., August 11, 1975.

  eighty-seven-count Ibid., July 16, 1973.

  "conspiring to retain" Ibid., November 15, 1975.

  baby parade Ibid., August 27, 1973.

  A fifth of the city's income Ibid., June 29, 1975.

  ten percent wage reduction Ibid., December 19, 1974.

  "We have no money" Ibid., June 29, 1975.

  202 "cast of characters" Springsteen, Songs, 25.

  "watched the town" Ibid.

  203 "We all wanted to get out" Sancious interview with author, "a metaphor" Springsteen, Songs, 25.

  "my getaway" Ibid., 26.

  204 "It was . . . like they shelved it" Viola interview of Vini Lopez.

  Dr. Lorenzo Harris New York Times, August 11, 1975.

  almost sixty percent Ibid.

  maybe $200 a week Springsteen conversation with author.

  The Magic Touch Asbury Park Press, September 30, 1973.

  Convention Hall Ibid., August 1974.

  "turning point" Springsteen, Songs, 44.

  "longest and deepest recession" Thomas M. Superl, "The U.S. Economy in 1977 and 1978," Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Quarterly Review 2, no. 1 (Winter 1978).

  ninety percent in service industry Robert Hamrin, America's New Economy: The Basic Guide (New York: Franklin Watts, 1988), 14.

  206 That bill died Stephen Piccolo, "Gaming in Atlantic City: A History of Legal Gambling in New Jersey." http://www.chequers.com/magazine/ piccolo/part3. htm.

  state-run casinos Asbury Park Press, November 1, 1974.

  Byrne Ibid.

  unemployment rate Asbury Park Press, November 2, 1974.

  Tourism Development Council Ibid., November 3, 1974.

  sixty percent in favor Ibid., November 4, 1974.

  No Dice coalition Ibid., November 6, 1974 "a carnival atmosphere" and other religious-leader quotes Ibid., November 1, 1974.

  207 bishop of United Methodist Church Ibid., November 4, 1974.

  twenty of twenty-four newspapers Ibid., November 3, 1974.

  "handing the casinos" Ibid., November 1, 1974.

  "The very same interests" Ovid Demaris, The Boardwalk Jungle (New York: Bantam, 1986), 51.

  three-to-one margin Asbury Park Press, November 6, 1974.

  "to come to the aid" Ibid.

  extend the boardwalk New York Times, August 11, 1975.

  Forty percent "West Side Story."

  208 "elderly black man" New York Times, October 12, 1975.

  a small item Asbury Park Press, October 26, 1975.

  209 full of dread Springsteen, Songs, 46.

  210 "You're not necessarily" Ibid., 47.

  "When the Upstage closed" Robert Santelli, "Twenty Years Burning Down the Road," in Racing in the Street: The Bruce Springsteen Reader, ed.

  June Skinner Sawyers (New
York: Penguin Books, 2004).

  small item Asbury Park Press, October 26, 1975.

  Berkeley-Carteret Asbury Park Press, May 30, 1976 211 New Jersey's unemployment Ibid., November 3, 1976.

  "the elderly and disabled" Demaris, Boardwalk, 57.

  Mayor Kramer opposed New York Times, May 7, 1978.

  war chest Asbury Park Press, November 3, 1976.

  "painless" See State of New Jersey, Gambling Study Commission, 1973.

  "a unique tool" "Impact of Gambling: Economic Effect More Measurable Than Social Effect," United States General Accounting Office, Report to the Honorable Frank R. Wolf, House of Representatives.

  Hereafter, "Gambling Study."

  NAACP Asbury Park Press, November 1, 1976.

  "undercutting" the Mob Gambling Study, "puritanical" Ibid, "money-tight" Asbury Park Press, November 3, 1976.

  212 Chalfonte-Haddon See Demaris, Boardwalk, 54.

  fifty thousand jobs Dave Schwarz, "Jurisdiction Summary: Atlantic City, New Jersey," http://gaming.unlv.edu/research/subject/AtlanticCity.html.

  By 1985 See Demaris, Boardwalk, x.

  "The laws that established" Schwarz, "Jurisdiction," quoting Dennis P.

  Rud, "The Social Impact of Atlantic City Casino Gambling."

  Twentieth Century Fund Demaris, Boardwalk, x.

  Meyer Lansky Gary Potter, "Meyer Lanksy: His Inner Circle," Part 1, http://glasgowcrew.tripod.com/Lansky.html.

  213 Joey Gambino Demaris, Boardwalk, 91.

  twelfth most distressed New York Times, May 7, 1978 (see same for quotes in this paragraph), "small-scale model" Ibid.

  214 "It is not so much a question" Ibid.

  Lang's Guest House Asbury Park Press, July 5, 1978.

  high-density use New York Times, July 12, 1992.

  "a dumping ground" Asbury Park Press, July 5, 1978.

  "dead space" New York Times, May 7, 1978.

  215 Three people died Asbury Park Press, July 5, 1978.

  "You can't have community pride" "West Side Story."

  "in the middle of a community" Springsteen, songs, 68.

  "sense of accountability" Ibid., 65.

  "any hint of escapism" Ibid., 68.

  217 Santa Monica pier, etc. Dave Marsh, "Bruce Springsteen Raises Cain,"

  in Bruce Springsteen: The Rolling Stone Files (New York: Hyperion, 1996), 81.

  EPILOGUE: FOURTH OF JULY, 2001

  219 a parade in Ocean Grove Asbury Park Press, July 4, 2001.

  221 new, comprehensive waterfront-redevelopment Ibid., November 8, 1984.

  Addeo Ibid., April 29, 2001.

  a quarter lived below poverty line "Missouri State Census Data Center:

  Basic Demographic Trend Report," Asbury Park city, http://www.oseda.-

  missouri.edu/mscdc/census/us/trend/places/S34NJ/P340070.missouri.edu/mscdc/census/us/trend/places/S34NJ/P340070.

  median annual income Ibid., West Side data from "West Side Story."

  housing units Ibid.

  "Reagan is reality" "West Side Story."

  adopt (unanimously) Asbury Park Press, November 8, 1984.

  222 "exchanging its character" Ibid, "elderly, deinstitutionalized" Ibid.

  loans to boardinghouse New York Times, July 12, 1992.

  seven hundred beds Ibid.

  "socially disadvantaged" Asbury Park Press, November 8, 1984.

  $325,000 New York Times, September 17, 1986.

  immigrant grandfather Asbury Park Press, February 29, 2000.

  largest landlord "West Side Story."

  local banks refused Asbury Park Press, December 4, 1991.

  $16 million Ibid., February 4, 1991.

  223 reported $8 million Henry Vaccaro call to Restore by the Shore radio show, hosted by Maureen Nevin, transcript at http://www.restoreradio.com.

  Kramer guitar "About the Company," Vaccaro Guitar Co., http:// www.grandcentralmusic.com/mall/vaccaro/about.html.

  Johnny Cash New York Times, September 17, 1986.

  seventy percent capacity Ibid., November 22, 1987.

  "the private sector" Asbury Park Press, April 16, 1986.

  $164 million New York Times, November 22, 1987.

  unemployment Ibid.

  twenty-four hundred residential units Asbury Park Press, April 16, 1986.

  "a new Asbury Park" New York Times, September 25, 1988.

  a third of the project Asbury Park Press, April 16, 1986.

  Carabetta family Ibid., February 14, 1991.

  224 sixteen town houses New York Times, September 17, 1986.

  burned down Ibid., November 22, 1987.

  subcontractors Asbury Park Press, October 1, 1987.

  "It just means" Ibid.

  Jefferson Motel Ibid., November 22, 1987.

  224 luxury residential units New York Times, September 25, 1988.

  tripling Asbury Park Press, June 30, 1997.

  tax abatement Ibid., November 3, 1988.

  hadn't turned a profit in three years Ibid., December 1, 1991.

  225 stopped making payments Ibid., February 14, 1991.

  $12 million Ibid., December 1, 1991.

  Thomas Smith Ibid., September 26, 2002.

  "the five or six year depression" New York Times, September 4, 1994.

  "The right things just didn't" Asbury Park Press, April 13, 1991.

  "raped" Ibid., September 27, 1993.

  Toms River bank Asbury Park Press, December 1, 1991.

  Chapter 11 Boston Globe, June 10, 1992.

  Back in 1986 New York Times, September 17, 1986.

  226 Born in the U.S.A. Dave Marsh, Glory Days: Bruce Springsteen in the 1980s (New York: Pantheon Books, 1987).

  Michael Jackson's family Asbury Park Press, October 10, 2000.

  227 three hundred thousand cubic yards of sand "Asbury Park to Mana-squan Beach Restoration Project," U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, http: // www.usna.edu/NAOE/courses/en420/bravo/.

  3.1 million Ibid.

  230 Asbury Park Rock & Roll Museum Asbury Park Press, July 15, 1998. in January of 1989 Claire Whiteside, "Last Ride in Asbury Park: New Jersey Bids Farewell to Its Greatest Carousel," New Jersey Monthly, June 1989.

  231 Wonderland Ibid.

  "Save Tillie" See savetillie.com.

  dropped by almost thirty percent Asbury Park Press, June 30, 1997.

  shell game Ibid., July 21, 1998.

  232 $9.25 million Ibid.

  Asbury Park politics Ibid., January 29, 2001.

  $30,000 Ibid.

  arrested for buying cocaine Ibid., February 1, 1994.

  233 "men started taking women" Author's interview, June 1997.

  MOVE OVER FIRE ISLAND New York Times, August 6, 2000.

  234 St. Stephen's plan Asbury Park Press, April 29, 2001.

  the council vetoed Ibid.

  "hidden agendas" Ibid.

  1981 study Ibid.

  "private money" Ibid.

  "The city can't do anything" Ibid.

  seventy-two lots to Konvitz Asbury Park Press, July 7, 2000.

  sold only seven Ibid.

  235 Fourth of July, 1912 Ibid., July 20, 2000.

  $100 million Ibid.

  $20 million Ibid, "non-descript people" Ibid.

  $35,000 loan Ibid., July 17, 2000.

  "respect my opinion" Ibid., July 20, 2000.

  "business acumen" Ibid., July 17, 2000.

  236 "There is one person" Ibid., July 25, 2000.

  237 "My City of Ruins" Ibid., December 22, 2000.

  "rock'n'roll entertainment Mecca" Shopping Center World magazine, January 1, 2003.

  "gentrification" Ibid.

  $4 million deficit Asbury Park Press, August 17, 2001.

  238 five percent affordable Ibid., December 21, 2001.

  "the new Asbury Park" Ibid., October 24, 2004.

  thirty percent in poverty U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census 2000.

  "not necessarily" Asbury Park Press, November 20, 2001.

  city manager indicted Ibid., October
11, 2002.

  "dying for this" New York Times, April 2, 2004.

  Tillie's face Ibid., June 12, 2004.

  2004 parade Asbury Park Press, July 5, 2004.

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  "The Asbury Park Bank-Fraud Case: Twining v. New Jersey." .

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