After Lincoln

by A. J. Langguth

  Instead Republicans turned to Governor Hayes: Foner, Reconstruction, 567.

  The Nation magazine described the ticket: Foner, Reconstruction, 567.

  Summing up Rud Hayes, Henry Adams: Foner, Reconstruction, 567.

  The neighboring tribes, Grant wrote, “are the most harmless”: J. E. Smith, 520 and 692, note 26.

  Over the years, Grant had never trusted George Custer’s: J. E. Smith, 539.

  they were enslaving the mass of Americans: Foner, Reconstruction, 568.

  “The truth is, the Negroes are ignorant, many of them”: Foner, Reconstruction, 569.

  Hayes saw the bad economy: Hoogenboom, 269.

  From Harvard Yard, college president Charles Eliot spoke for them: Hoogenboom, 269.

  but Democrats in the House of Representatives: Hoogenboom, 270.

  Democrats were acting on the choice set out: Morris, 119.

  “Are you for the Rebellion, or are you for the Union?”: Hoogenboom, 270.

  “If the Republicans do not carry New York”: Hoogenboom, 272.

  If what Schurz was advocating “so earnestly”: Morris, 120.

  the Enforcement Act of five years earlier had contained: Hoogenboom, 272.

  He predicted that if he lost: Hoogenboom, 272.

  “When the annals of this Republic show the disgrace”: Haworth, 32.

  “Sly Sam, the Railroad Thief”: Haworth, 42, note 1.

  To make amends, Tilden sent emissaries South: Morris, 107.

  There, according to the editor of the Louisville Courier-Journal: Morris, 108.

  He faced an early test on the Fourth: Haworth, 131–40.

  Before he set off for bed, the president told his guests: J. E. Smith, 598.

  The equality amendments would be nullified: Morris, 167.

  From the embassy, Sickles publicly romanced deposed queen Isabella II: Morris, 11.

  “With your state sure for Hayes”: Tilden, Letters, II, 483.

  But without the chairman’s room number: Morris, 16.

  “Hayes has 185 electoral votes and is elected”: Haworth, 52.

  He told a reporter for the Cincinnati Times that the Republicans: Morris, 167.

  He issued an order that army commanders: J. E. Smith, 598.

  When Grant raised the question of fraud: J. E. Smith, 598.

  “A charge to keep I have, a God to glorify”: Quarles, 51.

  Eliza Pinkston from Ouachita Parish: New York Times, December 30, 1876.

  Senator John Sherman wrote to assure Hayes: J. E. Smith, 599.

  Even a plot to lock up Republican electors: Haworth, 154–55.

  Deploring the claim as an incitement to violence: Haworth, 189.

  Democrats claimed that he could only report: Morris, 201.

  But in Washington the frosty governor had no reserves: Haworth, 191.

  He disapproved of the tactics of men like William Chandler: Hoogenboom, 276.

  “The committee seems to be a good one”: Hoogenboom, 286.

  “The entire nation would honor these Southern men”: Morris, 233.

  CHAPTER 20. JIM CROW (1877)

  bitter Democrats had yielded only after prolonging: Trefousse, Hayes, 81.

  Within weeks of his inaugural address, Hayes acted: Hoogenboom, 310.

  Kellar assured the president’s son, Webb: Hoogenboom, 312.

  “I would rather,” Grant told her: J. E. Smith, 616.

  The negotiating team he headed had returned from London: Grier, 106.

  “We have a Chief Justice,” Field wrote to a friend: Grier, 107.

  Waite’s approach was no more favorable to women: Grier, 109.

  Writing for the Court, Bradley asked, “Can the act of a mere individual”: Schwartz, 166.

  In his decisions, he warned that the rights of black citizens: Grier, 114.

  He reminded them that the United States had no ruling class: Grier, 114.

  “Can’t something be done,” he wondered: Trefousse, Hayes, 95.

  As James Garfield complained to fellow Republicans: Trefousse, Hayes, 96–97.

  A London critic found “something in his chuckle”: (London) Times, November 8, 1836, 5.

  Lucius Lamar’s praise for Charles Sumner: Du Bois, Black Reconstruction, 1998, 124.

  A truer sentiment was expressed: Tourgee, 121.

  Before Jim Crow took hold, some former slaves: Woodward, 51.

  But in South Carolina, those gentlemen had already passed: Packard, 69.

  Rare dissenting views came from the National Association: Wade, 134.

  White confided to Thomas Dixon: Wade, 127.

  A week later, Simmons, calling himself the Imperial Wizard: Wade, 147.

  “Anyone who carries a hyphen about with him”: Wade, 148.

  In little more than a year, Clarke could claim: Wade, 157.

  “If the Klan is against the Jews”: Wade, 165.

  assessed the Klan as having “all of the defects”: Wade, 204.

  South Carolina governor James F. Byrnes said his state: Woodward, 145.

  On May 17, 1954, Chief Justice Warren spoke: Woodward, 146.

  Georgia’s jubilant lieutenant governor pointed out: Woodward, 153.

  In 1956, the admission of a black student, Autherine Lucy: Woodward, 156.

  “We will wear you down by our capacity”: Woodward, 170.

  Now he denounced the civil rights bill as “reminiscent”: United Press International (UPI), Year in Review, 1963.

  “It does say,” Johnson continued, “that those who are equal”: New York Times, July 3, 1964, 9.

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