professional background of, 194
Radical Republicans and, 197
reputation of, 231
resignation letters of, 45, 194
Seward and, 43, 44, 45, 46, 194, 196
slavery and, 195, 202
Stevens and, 196
Sumner and, 178, 195, 197, 209
Tilden and, 335
as Treasury secretary, 43, 45, 164, 194, 196, 217
voting rights and, 217
Wade and, 201, 202
Weed and, 194
Cheney, Molly. See Greeley, Molly Cheney
Chicago Tribune, 44, 227, 347
Chickamauga, Battle of, 125
churches, as KKK targets, 278
Cincinnati Commercial newspaper, 2, 207, 287, 302
Circular 13, Howard’s, 115
Citizens Councils, 368
civil rights. See specific person, legislation, or right
Civil Rights Act (1866), 139–41, 145, 204, 214, 356
Civil Rights Act (1870), 301
Civil Rights Act (1964), 370–71, 372
civil rights movement, 370
civil service reform, 340, 358–59
Civil War
beginning of, 43, 60
casualties of, 108
first shot in, 60
Greeley’s history of battles of, 295
impact on South of, 108–9
Lincoln’s attempt at reconciliation during, 74
Northern defeats during, 21
purpose of, 47
Southern white views about losing, 110–12
See also specific person or battle
The Clansman (Dixon), 234–35
Clarke, Edward Young, 364, 365, 366
Clay, Henry, 8, 29, 33, 34, 35, 40, 57, 126, 127, 233
Clemens, Samuel, 296
clergymen, 366
Coggeshall, William, 167–68
Cold Harbor, Battle of, 23, 246
Colfax, Louisiana, racial confrontation in, 312–14, 315, 338
Colfax, Schuyler, 150–51, 186, 217, 247, 298, 299, 312, 330, 349–50
College of St. Charles Borromeo, 92
Colorado, 139, 366
Committee on the Conduct of the War, 204
Committee of Fifteen, 136, 139, 145
Committee of Nine, 45
Compromise of 1850, 37, 57
Confederacy/Confederates
British aid to, 271, 272
casualties of, 108
constitution for, 58–59
Davis elected provisional president of, 59
emancipation proclamation of, 61
Fourteenth Amendment and, 145, 319
inevitable collapse of, 61–62
and Lincoln’s attempt at reconciliation, 74
Revels appeal for general amnesty for, 307
and Ten Percent Plan, 74–75
war debt of, 74, 118, 120, 145
See also specific person, state, or topic
Confederate Army, 3, 61, 87
Congress, U.S.
barring of southern representatives to, 132, 168, 255, 355
corruption in, 293
Crédit Mobilier scandal and, 297–99
elections of 1864 and, 120
elections of 1872 and, 299
elections of 1874 and, 314, 337
elections of 1876 and, 349–51, 355, 358
first black members of, 304–5
former Confederates in, 121
Fourteenth Amendment and, 145
Freedmen’s Bureau and, 276
Georgia delegates admitted to, 279
Grant’s personal appeal about KKK to, 281–82
Grant’s relations with, 252
Johnson’s Messages/State of the Union addresses to, 119, 122, 131, 132–34, 169, 182, 232
Johnson’s relations with, 120, 140, 159, 170–71, 172, 186
KKK investigation by, 282–85
KKK threats to members of, 277–78
Lincoln’s relations with, 75
and military rule, 174
and readmission of southern states, 158–59
refusal to seat Louisiana black elected to, 255
role in Reconstruction of, 118, 134, 136, 171
salaries for, 311, 338
seating of Tennessee representatives in, 169
Stanton’s relations with, 168, 173, 186, 189
War Department investigation by, 164–65
See also House of Representatives, U.S.; Senate, U.S.; specific person, committee, or legislation
Conkling, Roscoe, 252, 298–99, 316, 341, 350, 355, 359
Constitution, U.S., 22, 24, 37, 69, 74, 82, 87, 172–73, 206, 208, 213, 215, 260, 280, 314, 349
Constitutional Guards, 222
Constitutional Union Party, 81
Conway, Thomas, 113–14
Cooke, Jay, 196
Cooper, Peter, 40, 339–40
Cooper Union
Lincoln’s address at, 40
Seward’s speech at, 137
Tilden’s speeches at, 334, 337
Corbin, Abel Rathbone, 262–63, 264, 265, 266, 267–68
Corbin, Jennie Grant, 262, 263, 264, 265, 267
Corps d’Afrique, 73
corruption, 218, 280, 293, 301–2, 329, 332, 339. See also bribery; specific person or incident
Corwin, Thomas, 24
Covode, John, 188
Cox, Jacob, 253
Crawford, Samuel, 214
Crédit Mobilier scandal, 297–99, 312, 316, 332, 349–50
Creswell, John, 253
Cruikshank, William, 315
Cuba, 250
Cullom, Shelby, 140
Custer, George Armstrong, 154, 339
Dana, Charles, 253, 294, 296
Darwin, Charles, 132, 253
Davis, Henry Winter, 74
Davis, Jefferson
bail for, 180, 296
Bible of, 94–95
Buchanan and, 59–60
Butler and, 70, 72, 207
cabinet of, 61, 95
capture and imprisonment of, 3, 62–63, 93–95, 97, 179–80
charges against, 179–80, 207
Compromise of 1850 and, 57
and Confederate constitution, 58–59
elected provisional president of Confederacy, 59
elections of 1860 and, 58, 70
and Emancipation Proclamation, 22
emancipation proclamation of, 61
estate of, 108
and evacuation of Richmond, 61
family/personal background of, 54–56, 57
Forrest’s report to, 227
and Fort Sumter, 43, 59
Greeley and, 180, 296
health of, 58, 60, 94
indictment of, 97
Johnson and, 61–62, 83, 93, 95, 137, 155, 176, 179, 180, 207
Lee and, 180
and Lee’s surrender at Appomattox, 3, 53
Lincoln and, 54, 60
and Lincoln’s assassination, 53–54, 61, 93, 179
media and, 94
military background of, 55–57
as Mississippi senator, 57, 58
Nast cartoon of, 305
O’Connor as lawyer for, 337
personality and character of, 53, 56, 58
photograph of, 52
political career of, 56, 57
and preservation of the Union, 58
Radical Republicans and, 54, 179
Revels as senate replacement for, 270, 305
safety of family of, 62
and Scott, 57–58
secession views of, 58
Secretary of War appointment of, 57
security escort for, 61
self-image of, 95
Senate resignation of, 38, 58
Seward and, 39, 53, 60
slavery and, 59
Stanton and, 94
states’ rights and, 57, 58, 59
Stevens and, 179
Sumner and, 54
and suspension of habeas corpus, 61<
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Taylor and, 55–56, 57
trial of, 96, 180, 207
Union Party as party of, 153
and wife’s clothes, 62, 63, 94
Davis, Sarah Taylor “Knoxie” (wife), 55–56, 57
Davis, Varina Howell (wife), 39, 56, 57, 61, 62, 94, 179, 180
debt, U.S., 259–60. See also gold
Declaration of Independence, 6, 59, 320
DeLarge, Robert Carlos, 305
Delaware, 22, 159
Democratic Party. See specific person, election, or topic
Dent, Julia. See Grant, Julia Dent
Dickinson, Anna E., 296–97
District of Columbia, 25, 108, 170–71, 204, 293, 367. See also Washington, D.C.
Dixon, Thomas Jr., 234–35, 363
Dominican Republic, 268–70
Doolittle, James, 154, 155
Dostie, Anthony, 148
Douglas, Stephen A.
death of, 152
elections of 1860 and, 1–2, 17, 58, 70, 81, 334
Kansas affair and, 14
Lincoln’s debates with, 39–40
memorial to, 152
Seward and, 39
Stevens and, 233
Sumner and, 10, 11, 14
Douglass, Frederick, 153, 289, 309, 319, 320, 322, 358
Dred Scott decision, 78, 139, 306, 358
duels, 8–9, 15, 55, 202
Dunn, Oscar James, 255, 302, 303
Eaton, John, 19, 108
economy
and depression of 1874, 319
Hayes and, 340
Edmunds, George, 211
Edmundson, Henry, 12, 15
education
for blacks, 112–14, 131, 269–70, 276, 278, 305, 319, 354
Freedmen’s Bureau and, 276, 278, 305, 319
Greeley’s views about, 293
Howard’s views about, 112–14, 276–77, 323
Pinchback and, 304
Seward’s support for, 34
Stevens support for, 127, 131
Sumner’s views about, 269–70
See also schools
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 367, 368
elections, Johnson’s proposals about, 232
elections of 1824, 29
elections of 1828, 299
elections of 1840, 33, 34, 41, 69
elections of 1844, 127
elections of 1848, 7, 36–37, 41, 127
elections of 1850, 57
elections of 1852, 9, 57
elections of 1856, 14, 38, 58, 127–28, 242–43
elections of 1860
Democratic convention for, 40
Douglas and, 1–2, 17, 58, 70, 81, 334
Grant and, 1–2
and Kansas admission, 40
Lincoln and, 1–2, 39, 40, 41, 58, 74, 81, 110, 128, 203, 334
race issues and, 40
Republican convention for, 17, 40
See also specific person or state
elections of 1862, 329
elections of 1864
Johnson and, 47, 81, 82
Lincoln and, 46–47, 75, 81, 82, 194, 227, 295
McClellan and, 47, 81, 167, 295, 335
and preservation of the union, 47
and Republican control of Congress, 120
slavery and, 47
and Sumner-Lincoln relationship, 23
Thirteenth Amendment and, 24
voting by army troops in, 82
See also specific person or state
elections of 1866, 152–53, 155, 158–59, 168, 169
elections of 1868
black vote and, 77, 248
Democratic platform for, 233
fraud in, 255
Grant and, 169, 217, 233, 237–38, 247–49, 253, 256, 257, 278, 330
Hayes and, 330
Johnson and, 169, 217, 231, 262
KKK and, 230
Republican platform for, 232–33
voting rights and, 217, 232–33
See also specific person or state
elections of 1870, 330–31
elections of 1872
blacks and, 304, 320
Grant and, 289–90, 296–97, 299, 308, 309, 312, 319, 332, 349–50
Greeley and, 290–91, 296, 299, 304, 312, 320–21, 332
Hayes and, 331–32
KKK and, 285, 289
Liberal Republicans and, 290–91, 296, 297, 304, 308, 309, 340–41
and National Colored Convention, 308–9
race issues and, 340–41
women and, 296
See also specific person or state
elections of 1874, 314, 316, 332, 337
elections of 1876
blacks and, 341, 348–49, 351
bribery and, 342, 349
and campaign financing, 341–42
as Centennial Election, 339
Congress and, 355, 358
electoral college and, 349–50, 353
Grant and, 324–25, 338, 343, 344, 347–48
Greenback Party and, 339–40
Hayes and, 332, 338, 340, 341–42, 344–51, 354, 358
Liberal Republicans and, 340
Radical Republicans and, 338
results of, 344–51
southern states and, 340–41, 343–44, 347, 351
Washington Commission and, 350–51
See also specific person or state
elections of 1880, 355
elections of 1924, 366
elections of 1948, 371
elections of 1960, 369
elections of 1964, 370
electoral system, 132, 349–50, 353
Eliot, Charles, 340
Elliott, Robert Brown, 305
emancipation proclamation
of Davis, 61
of Lincoln, 20–21, 20, 22, 24, 65–66, 78, 129, 233, 294, 329, 358
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 8, 14, 18, 292
enemies list, Johnson’s, 137–38, 139, 155
Enforcement Acts, 278–80, 303, 315, 324, 338, 342, 357
England. See Great Britain
equal protection clause, 260, 358
Erie Railway Company, 261, 263, 266
Evarts, William, 208–9, 351
Evers, Medgar, 369
Ewing, Thomas, 192
Farragut, David, 154
Faubus, Orval E., 368
Ferry, Thomas W., 350, 353
Fessenden, William, 138–39, 145, 150, 151, 153, 177, 186, 199, 209, 211, 213, 232
Field, Stephen J., 357
Fifteenth Amendment, 232, 233, 252, 260, 269, 296, 305, 331, 341
Fifth Amendment, 287
Fillmore, Millard, 7–8, 37
First Congregational Church (Washington, D.C.), 277
Fish, Hamilton, 254, 271, 272, 316, 324, 348, 353
Fisk, Clinton, 107
Fisk College, 277
Fisk, James Jr., 261–68
Fitch, Charles, 226–27
flag, American, and Mumford incident, 72
Florida
Black Codes in, 109
blacks elected to congress from, 305
elections of 1876 in, 344, 346, 348, 349, 350–51
federal troops in, 348
Fifteenth Amendment and, 341
Freedmen’s Bureau in, 114
Johnson’s gubernatorial appointment in, 88
KKK in, 282, 289
school segregation in, 360
Foote, Henry “Hangman,” 39
Force Bill. See Ku Klux Klan Act/Force Bill
Ford Theater (Washington, D.C.), Lincoln assassination at, 1, 90, 96, 98, 99
Foreign Relations Committee, Senate, 177–78, 218, 249–50, 272–73, 280
Forney, John, 82, 84, 138, 206, 277
Forrest, Nathan Bedford
appearance of, 227
blacks and, 286
bribery and, 227
in Civil War, 225–27, 244, 245, 314
congressional testimony of, 285–87
Edwards’ death and, 228
farewe
ll address to troops by, 227
Fifth Amendment and, 287
financial affairs of, 224–25, 227–28, 286
Grant and, 244, 245
indictment for treason of, 227
Johnson and, 228
KKK and, 224, 228, 230, 285–87
Lincoln and, 227
pardon for, 228
personal and professional background of, 224–25
photograph of, 220
reputation of, 225, 228, 286–87
Forrest, Nathan Bedford III, 365
Fort Donelson, Battle at, 244
Fort Fisher, battle at, 77
Fort Monroe, Davis in prison at, 94, 179–80
Fort Moultrie, 59
Fort Pickering, 144
Fort Pillow, Battle at, 226–27, 228, 314
Fort Pulaski, Battle at, 114
Fort Sumter (South Carolina), 43, 59, 60, 104, 243, 328
Fourteenth Amendment
Alabama and, 169
as barring Confederates from holding office, 319
black vote and, 145
contents of, 145
equal protection clause of, 260, 358
Grant and, 169
Hayes and, 329, 330, 331
Johnson and, 157, 159, 169, 232
Radical Republicans and, 145, 146
ratification of, 232
and readmission of southern states, 146
Reconstruction and, 171
states’ rights and, 356
and Tennessee statehood, 169
See also specific person
Fourth of July celebrations, in Boston, 6–7
Fourth Ward Republican Club, 174
Fowler, Joseph, 211, 213, 218
France, 46, 60, 87, 252, 254
Fredericksburg, Battle at, 23, 44
Free Soil Party, 7–8, 9, 36, 195, 201
Freedmen’s Bureau
black vote and, 275
closure of, 276
Congress and, 276
corruption in, 329
creation of, 79
criticisms of, 135, 275–76
D.C. as headquarters of, 108
education and, 276, 278, 305, 319
expansion of, 134–36, 140
funding for, 112–13, 135, 276
Grant and, 109, 110, 112, 275
Hayes and, 329
Howard as head of, 79, 103, 105–8, 109, 112–15, 135, 136
Howard’s resignation from, 277
Johnson and, 109, 110–12, 115, 134, 135–36, 139
land policy of, 114–15, 134, 276
Lincoln and, 79
political neutrality of, 275
in Pulaski, Tennessee, 223, 229–30
Schurz evaluation of, 110–12
southern views about, 119
staff for, 107–8, 112–14, 275
War Department and, 79, 108, 110, 276
Freedmen’s Saving and Trust Company, 319
Freemasonry, 29
Frelinghuysen, Frederick, 211, 212
Frémont, John C., 38, 127–28, 295
Fugitive Slave Act, 9, 10, 11, 37, 71, 72–73, 126, 127, 200, 201
Fuller, Margaret, 292–93
Fuller, Perry, 193, 210, 215, 218–19, 254
Garfield, James A., 298, 299, 324, 351, 359
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