as orator, 127
as Pennsylvania representative, 127
in Pennsylvania state legislature, 125
personality and character of, 122
photograph of, 116
and preservation of the Union, 128
and presidential appointments, 172
and presidential powers, 173
and race issues, 153, 158
Radical Republicans and, 10, 158, 185
Reconstruction and, 131–32, 136, 330
as Reconstruction Committee chairman, 186, 191–92
religion and, 127, 233
reputation of, 125
and seating of southern representatives, 147
Seward and, 128, 131, 154, 209
slavery, 124, 127, 128, 129
speeches of, 158, 193–94
Sumner and, 130
and Tenure of Office Act, 172, 173
and Thomas as replacement for Stanton as secretary of war, 191–92
views about southern states of, 119, 128, 131–32
voting rights and, 232
Wade compared with, 204
as Ways and Means Committee chairman, 128, 131, 132
Webster and, 126
Stewart, Alexander, 251, 252, 253, 254, 269
Stewart, William, 139
Stoeckl, Eduard de, 177
Story, Joseph, 5, 7
suffrage. See black vote; voting rights; women: voting rights of
Sumner, Alice Mason Hooper, 150–52, 178–79, 247, 322
Sumner, Charles
and Alaska territory, 176–78
and American Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission, 79
amnesty and, 319–20
Babcock’s comment about, 271
black rights and, 171, 319–20, 321
black vote and, 88, 117, 118, 130, 139, 204
Brooks and, 11–16, 17, 41, 202, 321
Butler and, 10–11
Canada annexation and, 269, 272
as chairman of Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 177–78, 249–50, 272–73, 280
Chase and, 178, 195, 197, 209
and Chase appointment as Chief Justice, 197
civil rights and, 139–40, 145, 319, 321–22, 323
and Colorado statehood, 139
Davis and, 54
death and funeral of, 322, 323, 362
Douglas and, 11, 14
and Dred Scott decision, 78
early professional activities of, 6–7
education policies and, 5, 269–70
elections of 1848 and, 7
elections of 1860s and, 17, 23
elections of 1872 and, 290, 291, 319, 320–21
European travels of, 5–6, 14
family/personal background of, 5, 8, 150–52, 178–79, 201, 205, 247, 321
Fessenden and, 138–39, 186
Fifteenth Amendment and, 260
financial affairs of, 151, 152, 271–72
Fish and, 272
and Fourteenth Amendment, 145–46
and Free Soil Party, 7–8, 36
and Fugitive Slave Act, 10, 11
funeral of, 340
Grant and, 189, 249–50, 252, 268–72, 273, 278, 280, 319, 320, 321, 331
Greeley and, 291, 320–21
and Harper’s Ferry raid, 16–17
Hayes and, 329
health of, 149, 151, 272, 321, 322
and Hoar appointment, 253
impeachment of Johnson and, 183, 205, 209, 211, 217
influence of, 319
Johnson and, 86, 88, 117–18, 119, 121, 122, 130, 134, 138, 145, 150, 155, 171, 204, 320
Kansas and, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 139
legacy of, 357
Liberal Republicans and, 319
Lincoln and, 17–20, 23–24, 75, 78, 84, 117
and Lincoln’s assassination, 117
Louisiana readmission and, 117
and Louisiana’s readmission, 112
Massachusetts legislature censure of, 321, 322
as Massachusetts senator, 8, 10–11, 14
media and, 130
and Mexican War, 7
Mississippi readmission and, 270
and mother’s death, 149, 150, 151, 152
Motley recall and, 270–71
“Naboth’s Vineyard” speech of, 272
Nast cartoon of, 321
Nebraska statehood and, 204
New Radicals and, 272
personality and character of, 8, 10, 16, 19, 25, 39, 75, 121, 139, 159, 249, 269, 321
photograph of, 4
Pinchback and, 309
and preservation of the Union, 18–19, 130
race issues and, 5, 270
as Radical Republican, 10
Reconstruction and, 118
Republican Party and, 10
reputation of, 178, 179, 203
Revels and, 305, 306
and Rock case, 78–79
and Santo Domingo treaty, 268–69, 270, 271, 272
Seward and, 10, 17, 38, 39, 44, 46, 86–87, 130, 176–77, 250
slavery and, 9–10, 11, 17, 18, 23–24, 44, 78–79, 202
speaking tour of, 271–72
speeches of, 6–7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 23–24, 146
Stanton and, 163, 188
Stevens and, 130
and Stewart nomination as Treasury secretary, 252
Story’s influence on, 5
Supreme Court views of, 5
and Tenure of Office Act, 269
and Texas annexation, 6–7
Thomas as replacement for, 188, 189
Trumbull and, 280
unpopularity of, 8
Virginia readmission and, 118, 269–70
vision of post–Civil War society of, 5, 25, 117
voting rights and, 117, 118, 139, 260
Wade and, 130, 201, 204, 217
and Wade-Davis bill, 74
war views of, 7
Welles and, 130
writings of, 322
Supreme Court, Pennsylvania, 124
Supreme Court, U.S.
black attorneys appearing before, 78–79
black rights and, 357–58, 363
Blyew decision of, 356
Chase named Chief Justice of, 47, 196–97
Chase relationships on, 217
Cruikshank decision of, 315, 338, 357
Dred Scott decision of, 78, 139, 306, 358
elections of 1876 and, 350
Grant’s nominations for chief justice of, 315–16
Jim Crow laws and, 367–68
Johnson and, 170, 232
Louisiana slaughterhouse rulings (1873) of, 356
Morgan v. Virginia decision of, 367
Plessy v. Ferguson decision of, 358, 367
Reconstruction and, 170
and Rock case, 78–79
salaries for justices of, 311
segregation decisions of, 358, 367–68
states’ rights and, 356, 357–58, 363
Sumner’s views about, 5
See also specific justice
Surratt, Anna, 92
Surratt, John Harrison, 49–50, 91, 92, 96, 98, 100, 181
Surratt, Mary, 49–50, 51, 91–92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 181
Swift, Jonathan, 224
“Swing Around the Circle” tour, Johnson’s, 153, 154–58, 207, 271
Taft, Alphonso, 340, 341, 342, 348
Tammany Hall, 210–11, 261, 335–37
Taney, Roger, 5, 196, 197, 306
Taylor, Sarah “Knoxie.” See Davis, Sarah Taylor “Knoxie”
Taylor, Zachary, 36, 37, 41, 55–56, 57, 58, 240
teachers, 277, 278
temperance, 124
temporary insanity plea, 164, 346
Ten Percent Plan, 74–75
Tennessee
black vote in, 223, 229
elections in, 81, 159, 299
Emancipation Proclamation and, 22
Fourteenth Amendment and, 169
Freedmen’s Bureau in, 107, 119
Hayes tour o
f, 359
Johnson as governor of, 82, 129, 176, 223
Johnson in legislature of, 83
readmission of, 136
reconstruction in, 88, 223
Scottsboro Boys trial in, 366
seating of congressional representatives from, 169
See also Pulaski, Tennessee
Tenth National Bank of New York, 263
Tenure of Office Act, 172, 173, 181, 182, 185, 189–90, 206, 209, 269
Texas, 6–7, 35, 88, 174, 232, 299, 360, 365, 366
Texas and Pacific Railroad, 323, 324
Thanksgiving, Lincoln proclaims, 46
Thirteenth Amendment, 23–25, 78, 118, 121, 132, 133, 135, 151, 260
Thomas, Lorenzo, 187–92, 207, 208
Thompson, Frances, 144
“Thugs,” in New Orleans, 147
Thurmond, Strom, 370–71
Tilden, Samuel Jones
elections of 1876 and, 337, 341, 342–43, 344–51
monetary policy and, 342
personal and professional background of, 334–38
photograph of, 333
Tammany Hall and, 335–37
Till, Emmett, 368
Tilton, Theodore, 153
Tracy, Albert, 32, 33
trade, during Civil War, 244–45
Transcendental Club, 292
transportation system
Seward and, 31
See also specific railroad
Treasury Department, U.S.
and American Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission, 79
former Confederates at, 130
gold reserves at, 259–68
land policies and, 79
scandals involving, 316, 317, 343
Stewart nomination for, 252, 254, 269
and trade during Civil War, 244
Whiskey Ring and, 290
See also Boutwell, George S.; Chase, Salmon P.
Trenchard, Asa, 90
Trent affair, 46
Truman, Harry S., 367, 370–71
Trumbull, Lyman, 139–40, 211, 213, 280–81, 290
Tugaloo College, 277
Tupelo, Battle of, 227
Turner, Benjamin S., 305
Turner, Nathaniel “Nat,” 113, 309
Twain, Mark (pen name of Samuel Clemens), 296
Tweed, William M. “Boss,” 210–11, 261, 263, 335–37, 336
Twelfth Amendment, 350
Tyler, John, 35
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Harriet Beecher Stowe), 105, 289
Union Army
blacks in, 25, 65, 67–68, 72–74, 78, 134, 143, 226–27, 276
commissioning of officers in, 73–74
desertions in, 44
morale in, 71–72
prisoners of war and, 22
See also specific person or battle
Union College, 28
Union Intelligence Service, 176
Union League, 230, 287
Union Pacific Railroad, 286, 297–98
Union Party, 153, 157
Union Reform Party, 229
Union Republican Party (Louisiana), 146–47
Unionville, South Carolina, KKK in, 282
United States v. Cruikshank, 315, 338, 357
University of Alabama, Lucy incident at, 368
University of Michigan, Sumner speech at, 272
University of Mississippi, Meredith at, 369
Van Buren, Martin, 29, 30, 34, 36, 39, 69, 126, 231, 334
Van Winkle, Peter, 213, 218
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 180, 261, 262
Vicksburg, Battle of, 46, 246
Virginia
blacks as officeholders in, 269–70
and Fifteenth Amendment, 269
Freedmen’s Bureau in, 108
Grant’s views about, 269–70
Hayes tour of, 359
Jim Crow laws in, 360
Johnson’s appointments in, 120
Johnson’s pardons in, 119
motto for, 90
New Radicals and, 269–70
readmission of, 118, 232, 269–70
reconstruction in, 88
schools in, 113
segregation in, 319
Stevens’ views about, 127
Sumner’s views about, 269–70
voting rights
Chase and, 217
in District of Columbia, 170–71, 204
elections of 1868 and, 217, 232–33
Fifteenth Amendment and, 260
Grant’s views about, 3
immigrants and, 260
Johnson and, 88, 118, 171, 182
KKK and, 224
and Lincoln’s attempt at reconciliation, 74
Lincoln’s views about, 40, 117
Pinchback and, 255
Radical Republicans, 182, 255
Stanton and, 168
Stevens and, 232
Sumner and, 117, 118, 139, 260
Wade and, 204
and Wade-Davis bill, 74
See also black vote; women: voting rights for; specific state
Wade, Benjamin
black rights and, 199, 204
Butler and, 203
Chase and, 201, 202
in Civil War, 203, 204
early legal career of, 200
early political career of, 200–201
elections of 1860 and, 202–3
elections of 1868 and, 330
and Forrest’s pardon, 228
Fugitive Slave Law and, 201
Greeley and, 202
Hayes and, 330
health of, 204
impeachment of Johnson and, 206, 212, 217
influence of, 203, 204
Johnson and, 140–41, 203–4
KKK and, 278
labor issues and, 199, 205
Lincoln and, 75, 203
and Nebraska statehood, 204
personal and professional background of, 199–200, 201
personality and character of, 199, 201, 202, 203
photograph of, 198
presidential ambitions of, 205, 206, 217
Radical Republicans and, 10, 205
religion and, 199, 202
reputation of, 202, 203
as Senate president pro tempore, 199, 205
Seward and, 201–2, 203, 206
slavery and, 200
speeches of, 200, 202
Stanton and, 203
Stevens compared with, 204
Sumner and, 130, 201, 204, 217
and Ten Percent Plan, 74
views about southern states of, 202
voting rights and, 204
wealth views of, 205
Weed and, 211
and women’s rights, 199
See also Wade-Davis bill
Wade, Caroline Rosekrans “Cad” (wife), 201, 202, 203, 204
Wade-Davis bill, 74–75
Wade-Davis Manifesto, 75
Waite, Elizabeth Ann “Lizzie.” See Howard, Elizabeth Ann Waite “Lizzie”
Waite, Morrison Remick, 310, 316, 317, 356–57
Wall Street, Black Friday (1869) on, 265–66, 267
Walls, Josiah T., 305
Walthall, John, 284
War of 1812, 29–30, 54, 123, 163, 241
war debt, Confederate, 74, 118, 120
War Department, U.S.
and American Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission, 79
Baker as head of intelligence unit at, 90
Belknap as secretary of, 318
Booth investigation by, 92
Cameron as head of, 164–65, 187
congressional investigation of, 164–65
Davis appointed secretary of, 57
and Davis’s garments, 94
Ewing nominated as secretary of, 192
Freedmen’s Bureau and, 79, 108, 110, 276
Grant’s relations with, 253
Johnson and, 170, 173
See also Secretary of War; Stanton, Edwin McMasters—as secretary of war
Ward, Julia. See Howe, Julia War
d
Ward, Sam, 192–93, 210, 218, 231, 313
Ward, William, 312, 313
Warmoth, Henry Clay, 146–47, 175, 255, 256, 257, 301, 302, 303, 304, 307, 308, 309
Warner, Amelia, 357
Warren, Earl, 367–68
Washburne, Elihu, 249, 252, 254
Washington College, Lee as president of, 287
Washington Commission, 350–51
Washington, D.C.
attack (1864) on, 97
elections of 1876 in, 344
See also District of Columbia
Washington, George, 47, 90, 94, 137, 189, 247, 311, 338
Washington and Lee University, 287
Washington Territory, miscegenation laws in, 360–61
Ways and Means Committee, House, 128, 131, 132
wealth/aristocracy
Cooper’s views about, 339–40
Jackson’s views about, 84
Johnson’s views about, 84, 87–88, 118, 122, 133
Wade’s views about, 205
Webb, Lucy Ware. See Hayes, Lucy Ware Webb
Webster, Daniel, 7, 8, 126, 233
Weed, Edward Thurlow
black vote and, 211
bribery and, 218
Chase and, 194
Clay and, 33, 34, 35
elections and, 33, 34, 40, 46–47
Greeley and, 42, 291, 294
impeachment of Johnson and, 209, 210–11
influence of, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 210–11
Johnson and, 122
labor issues and, 211
land policies and, 129
Lincoln and, 41–42, 294
personal and professional background of, 29–30
photograph of, 36
and Republican Party, 38
Schurz and, 39
Seward and, 29, 30–31, 32, 33–34, 36, 37, 38, 157, 194, 250
Seward’s (Frances) death and, 86
and Union Party, 157
Van Buren and, 30
Wade and, 211
Weichmann, Louis, 92, 98
Welles, Gideon
Butler and, 77
civil rights and, 140
and Emancipation Proclamation, 20
and Grant, 77
impeachment of Johnson and, 209
Johnson and, 84, 130, 168, 182
and Johnson’s “Swing Around the Circle” tour, 154
and Lincoln’s cabinet appointments, 45
and New Orleans riots, 149
Reconstruction and, 135
and rumors about Johnson, 192
Seward and, 135
Stanton and, 168
Sumner and, 130
Wells, J. Madison, 147
West Point (U.S. Military Academy)
black cadet at, 318–19
Custer at, 154
Davis at, 55
Grant as cadet at, 238–39
Grant’s evaluation of graduates of, 240
Grant’s reaction to Smith expulsion at, 319
Grant’s visit to, 264
Howard at, 103–4
Lee as cadet at, 89
Lee as superintendent at, 103
Wheeler, William A., 338, 349
Whig Party, 9, 32. See also specific person or election
Whiskey Ring, 210, 290, 317
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