Ancient Places

by Jack Nisbet

  3: four distinct tremors: “A Tremblor,” Walla Walla Statesman December 21, 1872, p. 3.

  4: “a sound like someone hitting the side of a house”: Splawn, Ka-mi-akin, 274.

  5: “no damage or injury was sustained by any one”: “The First Shock,” Daily Oregonian, December 16, 1872, p. 3.

  6: “in the Spokane country the earth opened up”: Walla Walla Union, January 11, 1873.

  7: A 1956 Canadian report attempted to sort: Milne, “Seismic Activity.”

  8: The lead investigator on the WPPSS report: Coombs, Report.

  9: “clerk John McBride said”: Ibid.

  10: “Houses commenced to oscillate”: “Chilliwack, B. C.,” Daily British Colonist, Victoria B.C., December 17, 1872, p. 3.

  11: a subsequent study: Malone, Attenuation Patterns, 531–46.

  12: “a bad Ta-man-na-was,” or spirit: Splawn, Ka-mi-akin, 329.

  13: an Interior Salish creation story: Layman, Native River, 80.

  14: recent geological investigations: Madole, Ribbon Cliff, 986–1002.

  15: ruined much of the people’s stored winter food. Hackenmiller, Wapato Heritage, 89.

  16: “At Chelan Station a great hole opened”: “Another Story of the Big Shake Which Dammed the Columbia,” Wenatchee World, June 15, 1922, p. 5.

  17: “Imagine a rubber hose filled with water and sand”: Ralph Haugerud, conversation with the author, April 10, 2013.

  18: “analyses of historical earthquakes”: Bakun, “December 1872 Washington State Earthquake.”

  19: “Mr. Covington, who has a trading post”: “White Stone, Washington,” Walla Walla Union March 15, 1873.

  20: “During that time my people stayed close to the priests”: Mourning Dove, 152.

  21: “visited by God with earthquakes”: Father Urban Grassi, S. J. to P. Giorda, S. J., 10 November 1874. Grassi Papers, Foley Library, Gonzaga University.

  22: Two of these dreamer-prophets: Ruby, Dreamer Prophets, 61.

  23: “The land is going to shake”: Ray, “Kolaskin,” 72.

  24: “I was camping at Whitestone”: Ibid.

  25: “That’s what the word means,” SiJohn said.: Cliff SiJohn, conversations with the author, July and August 2006.

  26: “Did it shake from side to side?”: Sadie Boyd. Transcript of audiotape by Ann McCrae, tribal elder, Spokane Tribal Preservation, Wellpinit, Washington.

  27: “I immediately think of ground liquefaction”: Ralph Haugerud, conversation with the author, April 10, 2013.

  28: Liquefaction on YouTube: “Liquefaction video.”

  29: those clues will certainly keep coming: Doughton, Sandi. “Scientists may be cracking mystery of big 1872 earthquake,” Seattle Times, November 23, 2014.

  30: “the earthquake that wouldn’t stay put”: Ibid.

  31: “An old man, Kapús, was looking for horses”: Ray, Sanpoil Folktakes, 183–84.

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