Page 316, line 17: Wallace Deuel, notes for proposed OSS history, manuscript.
Page 316, line 37: Cline.
Page 318, line 3: Hyde. “Mr. William Samuel Stephenson was the earliest collaborator with and chief supporter of the early movement which culminated in the establishment of the Office of the Coordinator of Information,” said Donovan. “His early discussions with the Coordinator were largely instrumental in bringing about a clearer conception of the need of a properly coordinated American intelligence service. His wise counsel and earnest efforts helped to consolidate the activities of scattered intelligence units and agencies. He readily accepted this duty of great responsibility to help establish, train, and maintain the personnel to perform the services of the COI and later, the OSS, in order that those services might in themselves stand as exceptionally meritorious to this government and at the same time fit harmoniously into the war plans of the combined Allied cause to the mutually great benefit of all.” “Recognition for award of Distinguished Service Medal,” Donovan to the adjutant general, War Dept., May 13, 1943, Hoover Institution.
Page 318, line 34: Field, “Memorandum on Office of Coordinator of Information,” April 5, 1963, author’s collection.
Page 318, line 42: Interview with McBaine.
Page 319, line 9: Sweet-Escott.
Page 319, lines 17–19: Interview with Mrs. William Langer.
Page 320, line 38: Marshall Foundation.
Page 321, lines 5–29: Kermit Roosevelt, Countercoup, 24.
Page 321, line 37: Johnson.
Page 322, lines 5–31: Sherwood, The White House Papers of Harry L. Hopkins, 411.
Page 323, lines 8–30: Don Ford.
Page 323, line 31: Donovan’s days were hectic. Raymond Lee noted in his London journal on October 31, 1941, that Noel Hall had just returned from Washington. “He went on to discuss Donovan’s activities and said that he was attempting to do too much in too great a hurry. He was very amusing in describing a meeting with Donovan, who asks everyone to come and see him. Hall went in to the waiting room where he talked to a secretary who asked him to sit down and telephoned about him. After twenty or thirty minutes Hall, who has the rank of a British minister, bestirred himself and said that he did not want to wait any longer. The man then ushered him into a second waiting room where he went through the same performance once more, and after waiting again complained. This secretary then ushered him into a third waiting room. By this time Hall was on to the curves of Donovan’s machinery and simply walked in where he found him with his coat off, surrounded by a dozen men and with Hall the last person in the world he was thinking of. But Bill, who is always equal to the situation, looked up and saw him and shouted, ‘Here he is now, exactly the man we want,’ and then went on talking about something Hall knew nothing whatever about.”
Page 323, line 36: Dulles to Hugh Wilson, Mott Belin, and Fred Mayer, Sept. 15, 1941, Princeton University Library.
Page 324, line 7: Dartmouth College Library.
Page 324, line 10: Stefansson enlisted the assistance of Vice-President Henry Wallace in approaching Roosevelt. Stefansson to Wallace, Nov. 10, 1941, University of Iowa Library.
Page 324, line 25: Stefansson to Donovan, Nov. 13, 1941, Dartmouth College Library.
Page 326, line 18; Page 327, line 42: Roosevelt Library.
Page 327, line 31: Donovan, “Intelligence: Key to Defense.”
Chapter 26. Conducting Ungentlemanly Warfare
Page 332, lines 30–39: William Langer, In and Out of the Ivory Tower, 183.
Page 333, line 41: “The President’s Appointments,” Dec. 7, 1941, University of Virginia Library.
Page 334, line 18: Donovan, “Intelligence: Key to Defense.”
Page 334, line 27: Interview with Halle.
Page 334, lines 31–39: Lombard, 5.
Page 335, line 39: Dec. 23, 1941, OSS Archives, National Archives.
Page 335, lines 41–44; Page 336, lines 1–33: Parrish.
Page 337, line 3: David Bruce letter to the New York Times.
Page 337, lines 5–16: Interview with Booth.
Page 339, line 3: At 6 P.M. on December 21, Donovan sent the President another memo concerning North Africa: “I talked this afternoon with a man who knows a holy man who he has befriended. My man was a friend of Lyautey and lived there for six years. His friend, the holy man, is very close to the Sultan. He thinks that he would have a reasonable chance of inducing the Sultan to carry out the project we have in mind. He thinks money would not be required, but arms and equipment plus a promise of semi-autonomy.
“Our agent is an Englishman, graduate of Sandhurst, excellent education and experience. Our only chance of getting him in, however, would be under an American passport.
“On the operational side, I would have it handled by our S.O.S. here who will be returning from England where I have had him at the guerrilla school.
“It would be necessary to get our supplies in there at once.
“If you feel that you wish this to be taken up, please let me know as quickly as possible. I think we could work it jointly with the British.”
“WJD,” penned Roosevelt at the top of the memo, “take up with Marshall & State Dept. FDR.” Roosevelt Library.
Page 340, line 6: Hoover Institution.
Page 344, lines 2 and 42; Page 350, line 43: OSS Archives, National Archives.
Page 344, line 11: Reader’s Digest, “We Were Expecting You at Dakar,” Secrets and Spies.
Page 345, line 20: Houseman, 36.
Page 346, line 33: Goodfellow papers, 101 Association Archives.
Page 348, line 42; Page 349, line 8: Interview with Van Arkel.
Page 349, lines 30–44; Page 350, lines 1–21: Strauss.
Page 350, lines 23–31: William Langer, Our Vichy Gamble.
Page 351, line 11: Roosevelt Library.
Page 351, lines 19–45: Interview with Goldberg.
Page 351, line 36: Wilhelm, 87.
Page 353, lines 30–35: Interview with Setton.
Page 354, line 1: Roosevelt wrote to Donovan, “I know you are aware of what I am doing in the way of tying all the Information Services together. I am putting the C.O.I. under the Joint Chiefs of Staff under this new Order and you will head up the division to be known as ‘the Office Of Strategic Services.’
“I think that Elmer Davis, with his long experience and his genuine popularity in press and radio circles, will be able to tie together the many factors of information in the broadest sense of the term.
“I hope you had a grand trip to London.” June 13, 1942, Roosevelt Library.
Page 354, line 27: Wright to Kirchhofer, June 16, 1942, courtesy of Kirchhofer.
Page 354, line 42: Peter Tompkins, Italy Betrayed.
Chapter 27. OSS Goes to War
Page 355, lines 23–33: Zuckerman, 157.
Page 356, line 16: Corey Ford papers, Dartmouth College Library.
Page 356, lines 24–43; Page 357, lines 1–21: Phillips, 206.
Page 357, line 21: William Phillips interviewed by Wendell H. Link, July 1951, Oral History Archives, Columbia University Libraries.
Page 358, line 7: Walter Langer.
Page 359, line 6: Cline.
Page 359, line 21: Sweet-Escott, 133.
Page 359, line 35; Page 364, line 34; Page 365, lines 27–42; Page 366, line 12: Donovan, “Intelligence: Key to Defense.”
Page 359, line 40: Interview with Bane.
Page 360, line 5: Beaudouin to author, March 20, 1981.
Page 360, line 18: 101 Association Archives.
Page 361, line 14: OSS Archives, National Archives.
Page 361, line 24: Interview with Bashor.
Page 361, line 29: Laundergan to author, Sept. 3, 1981.
Page 361, lines 30–35: Interview with Sipe.
Page 362, lines 1–10: Interview with English.
Page 362, lines 11–29: Interview with Setton.
Page 362, line 36: Interview with McInt
osh.
Page 362, lines 37–44: Interview with Mrs. William Langer.
Page 364, line 6: OSS Assessment Staff, 10.
Page 364, line 11: Interview with Will.
Page 364, lines 19–24: Beishlag to author, Feb. 14, 1981.
Page 364, line 27: Donovan memo, OSS Archives, National Archives.
Page 364, lines 35–42: Cardinale.
Page 366, line 43: Parrish.
Chapter 28. Prelude to Torch
Page 367, lines 14–31; Page 368, lines 1–4; Page 368, line 9; Page 371, line 22: OSS Archives, National Archives.
Page 369, line 41: Interview with Clark.
Page 372, line 6: Citadel Memorial Archives.
Page 375, lines 24–30: Franklin Roosevelt, Complete Press Conferences, Press Conference No. 859, Nov. 10, 1942.
Page 375, line 45: Marshall Foundation.
Page 376, line 17: Harvard University Library.
Chapter 29. Professor Moriarty Joins the OSS
Page 377, line 3: Interview with Lovell. Unless otherwise indicated, the material concerning R&D was obtained during several days spent with Dr. Lovell.
Page 378, lines 20–30: Interview with Putzell.
Page 382, lines 4–28: Byrnes.
Page 382, lines 29–37: Interview with Hamilton.
Page 382, lines 38–46; Page 382, lines 1–2: Interview with Halsey.
Page 384, line 22: Washington Post, Jan. 21, 1943.
Page 384, line 43; Page 385, lines 17–26: Troy.
Page 386, lines 31–56: Interview with Cuneo.
Page 387, lines 1–12: Roosevelt Library.
Chapter 30. Partners with the Resistance
Page 388, line 4: Interview with John Bowden, son of George Bowden.
Page 389, lines 16–25: Interview with Taquey.
Page 389, lines 26–45: Interview with Rader.
Page 391, lines 7–15: Interview with Hart.
Page 392, lines 42–44; Page 393, lines 1–10: Interview with Van Arkel.
Page 393, lines 16–31: Interview with Schmidt.
Page 393, line 37: Marshall Foundation.
Page 394, line 14: Interview with Coggins.
Page 394, line 19: Robinson to author, Feb. 20, 1981.
Page 394, line 24: Beaudouin to author, March 20, 1981.
Page 394, lines 25–44; Page 395, lines 1–19: Walter Langer, 10.
Page 395, lines 20–44; Page 396, lines 1–6: Interview with Goldberg.
Page 395, lines 7–44; Page 396, lines 1–22: Interview with Nicol Smith.
Chapter 31. Tangled Webs
Page 398, lines 1–7: Campbell, 175.
Page 399, lines 20–44; Page 400, lines 1–2: Interview with Gale.
Page 400, lines 12–16: Interview with Clark.
Page 400, line 21: Interview with Crockett.
Page 401, 12–44; Page 402, lines 1–14: Interview with Lovell, and Whiting, 137.
Page 402, line 30: Willoughby and Chamberlain, 144.
Page 402, lines 35–41: Lee, 84.
Page 403, line 4: Interview with McGovern.
Page 413, line 14: MacArthur Memorial.
Page 413, lines 15–45; Page 414, lines 1–12: Hough, 166.
Page 416, line 5: North to author, March 29, 1981.
Page 416, lines 6–40: Peter Tompkins, Italy Betrayed, 257.
Page 417, lines 36–45; Page 418, lines 1–2: Interview with Scariano.
Page 418, line 19: Foster Howe of the OSS London office made arrangements for Donovan to breakfast with foreign correspondents, and sometimes went shopping with him so that he could buy such things as “20 books, 4 wallets and a couple of briefcases to take back to people at home.” Donovan did not take notes when he talked to Churchill or Bill Stephenson. “Nobody knew what was said,” remarked Howe, “and there never were any cables summarizing the meetings.” Interview with Howe.
Page 418, line 40: Memorandum to Gen. Thomas Y. Handy, Oct. 20, 1943, Marshall Foundation.
Page 419, line 17: Marshall Foundation.
Page 419, lines 21–44: Louis Kaufman, Fitzgerald, and Sewell, 165.
Page 420, lines 1–17: Interview with Van Arkel.
Chapter 32. Behind Enemy Lines
Page 421, lines 1–11: Don Ford.
Page 421, lines 24–44; Page 422–423: Interview with Eifler.
Page 423, lines 15–33: Interview with Nicol Smith.
Page 424, lines 9–14: Interview with Curl.
Page 425, lines 10–19: Interview with Coughlin.
Page 426, line 5: Marshall Foundation.
Page 426, lines 15–25: Interview with Heppner.
Page 426, lines 34–44; Page 427, lines 1–38: Interviews with McGinnis and Caldwell.
Page 427, lines 16–23: Deacon, 289.
Page 428, lines 25–43: OSS Archives, National Archives.
Page 429, line 19: Deane, 50.
Page 429, line 21: Harriman and Abel, 291.
Page 430, line 39: New York Times, Jan. 7, 1944.
Page 430, lines 42–44; Page 431, lines 1–12: Bohlen, 155.
Chapter 33. “The Wine Is Red”
Page 432, lines 6–10: Interview with Putzell.
Page 432, lines 11–17; Page 434, lines 21–28: Interview with Crockett.
Page 432, lines 17–26: Constantin Bertakis to author.
Page 433, lines 17–32; Page 434, lines 37–45; Page 435, lines 1–3: Interview with Scariano.
Page 433, line 29: Allen Dulles note, Princeton University Library.
Page 435, line 18: De Toledano.
Page 435, line 26: Harriman wrote to Roosevelt, “We have penetrated here for the first time an intelligence branch of the Soviet government, and I am certain this will be the opening wedge to far greater intimacy in other branches if pursued. I cannot express too strongly my conviction that our relations with the Soviet government in other directions will be adversely affected if we close the door on this branch of the Soviet government after they had shown cooperative spirit and good faith.” Harriman and Abel.
Page 436, line 13: OSS Archives, National Archives.
Page 437, lines 1–16: Interview with Putzell.
Page 438, lines 30–40: Ludington to author.
Page 439, lines 10–45; Page 440, lines 1–8: Interview with Bruce, and Schoenbrun, 408.
Page 440, lines 9–15: Reddick to author.
Page 445, lines 6–22: Interview with Jones.
Page 445, lines 39–41: Interview with Putzell.
Page 445, lines 41–44; Page 446, lines 1–6: North letter to author.
Page 446, lines 14–19: Allen Dulles papers, Princeton University Library.
Page 446, lines 20–30: Interview with Thayer.
Page 446, lines 31–44; Page 447, lines 1–5: Davis to author, Feb. 19, 1981.
Page 447, lines 15–34: Interview with Ritz.
Page 447, lines 35–44: Rostow to author, May 21, 1981.
Chapter 34. Preparing for the Peace
Page 454, line 31: Interview with Will.
Page 456, lines 41–44; Page 456, lines 1–21: Interview with Little.
Page 457, lines 23–40: Interview with Lindgren.
Page 457, lines 41–44; Page 458, lines 1–10: MacDonald to author, June 16, 1981.
Page 459, line 40: Buffalo Courier-Express, May 5, 1951.
Chapter 35. End of an Experiment
Page 460, lines 5–22: Interview with Vogel.
Page 463, lines 3–9: Tom Braden.
Page 463, lines 31–41: Chicago Tribune, Feb. 9, 1945.
Page 466, lines 5–15: Bank to author, Feb. 14, 1981.
Page 466, lines 16–26: Interview with Schmidt.
Page 467, lines 3–20: Interview with Stephenson.
Page 467, lines 22–39: Biddle, 359.
Page 469, lines 41–44; Page 470, lines 15–21; Page 471, lines 27–44; Page 472, lines 1–8: Interview with Mrs. William Langer.
Page 470, lines 23–30: Interview with Lyon.
&n
bsp; Page 470, lines 30–44; Page 471, lines 1–17: Interview with Krause.
Page 472, lines 19–44; Page 472, lines 1–4: Interview with Warbell.
Page 472, line 27: Hoover Institution.
Page 472, line 44; Page 473, lines 1–11: Smith journal, Sept. 20, 1945, Roosevelt Library.
Page 473, line 32: Arthur Krock papers, Princeton University Library.
Page 474, line 29: Pforzheimer Collection.
Page 474, line 42: Talk, and the last bulletin of the OSS, Ibid.
Chapter 36. Bringing the Nazis to Trial
Page 479, line 11: Hoover Institution.
Page 479, line 17: The two-and-a-half-hour motion picture was assembled by Frank Capra from raw footage taken at the death camps. OSS man John English, who was present, later led a team that captured the Wehrmacht’s film library in an old castle at St. Johannes, near Bayreuth. The OSS men also discovered ten tons of damning Nazi records behind the bricked walls of the castle dungeon. Interview with English.
Page 480, lines 15–30: Interview with Schmidt.
Page 481, line 7: Von Papen, 271.
Page 481, lines 12–34: Von Schlabrendorff, 261.
Page 482, lines 28–41: Storey, 98.
Page 483, lines 21–27: Wright letter to Kirchhofer, Jan. 11, 1946, courtesy of Kirchhofer.
Page 483, lines 34–44; Page 484, lines 1–24; Page 485, lines 3–30: Interview with Quinn.
Page 485, lines 31–44: Interview with Houston.
Page 486, lines 1–21: Okie to author, March 6, 1981.
Page 487, line 11: Donovan to Stettinius, Jr., April 23, 1946, University of Virginia Library.
Page 487, lines 15–44: Interview with Byron Martin.
Page 488, lines 21–26: Nancy Fogarty also remarked that she “helped Mrs. Donovan with her records. He was not a one-woman man. He respected her, and she thought him a great man. He was going so fast, how could she keep up with him? He was so interested in the world. How could a woman keep up with him?” Interview with Fogarty.
Page 488, lines 26–36: Interview with Cuneo.
Chapter 37. Donovan’s Last Missions
Page 492, line 26: New York Times, July 18, 1948.
Page 493, lines 40–44: Weller to author, May 15, 1981.
Page 496, line 21: “MacArthur suspected that Donovan was engaged in secret work,” recalled Thomas Bland, who was with the CIA in Tokyo. “Willoughby gave a party in Donovan’s honor at the Imperial Hotel. I was invited. It was all men, all black tie. Willoughby was trying to tie Donovan into some intelligence operations. I hadn’t seen Donovan since the day I left Bern in the war, and I hadn’t had any contact with him until this moment. He walked into the room and said, ‘Hello, Barney, how are you doing?’ It threw Willoughby into a flat spin.” Interview with Bland.
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