One No, Many Yeses

by Paul Kingsnorth

  3 Stanley Fischer, ‘What I learned at the IMF’, Newsweek, December 2001–February 2002.

  4 See the World Economic Forum’s website, www.weforum.org.

  5 Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, Book 1, Chapter 10.

  6 ‘World Social Forum Charter of Principles’, available on the WSF website at www.forumsocialmundial.org.br/home.asp.

  7 John Madeley, Hungry for Trade: How the Poor Pay for Free Trade (London: Zed Books, 2000).

  8 Noted in Michael Moore’s film Bowling for Columbine (2002).

  9 John Rees, ‘The battle after Seattle’, Socialist Review, Issue 237, January 2000.

  10 ‘Goblin’, ‘Letter to a British socialist on anti-capitalist movements’, 26 May 2001. Available at www.commoner.org.uk.

  11 Guy Taylor, personal correspondence, 18 September 2002.

  12 Quoted in ‘Monopolise resistance? How Globalise Resistance would hijack revolt’, Schnews, September 2001.

  7: land and freedom

  1 National Institute of Colonisation and Land Reform (INCRA), quoted in National Report on the Situation of Human Rights and Agrarian Reform in Brazil, Global Justice Centre, Brazil, 17 May 2000.

  2 See www.mstbrazil.org.

  3 UN Population Fund, 2001.

  4 Sue Branford and Jan Rocha, Cutting the Wire: The Story of the Landless Movement in Brazil (London: Latin American Bureau, 2002). This is easily the best and most comprehensive book on the MST in English.

  5 Ibid.

  6 Ibid.

  7 Ibid.

  8 Ibid.

  9 National Institute of Colonisation and Land Reform (INCRA).

  10 ‘A plot of their own’, Newsweek, 21 January 2002.

  11 Branford and Rocha, op. cit.

  12 Geoffrey Lean and Sue Branford, ‘GM-free nations fall to Monsanto’, Independent, 31 March 2002.

  8: california dreaming

  1 Archer H. Shaw, The Lincoln Encyclopaedia (New York: Macmillan, 1950). Quoted in Rick Crawford, ‘What Lincoln foresaw’, at www.ratical.org/corporations/Lincoln.html.

  2 Center for Responsive Policies, USA. See www.opensecrets.org/2000elect/select/AllCands.htm.

  3 Personal wealth figures from Thomas B. Edsall, ‘Bush has a cabinet full of wealth’, Washington Post, 18 September 2002. Corporate–cabinet connections from Center for Responsive Policies, op. cit.

  4 This brief history of the corporation is based primarily on two excellent sources: Who’s in Charge? by Daniel Bennett, issued by POCLAD UK; and ‘The Short History of Corporations’ by Jeffrey Kaplan, published in Terrain, USA, 1999. Other sources include Richard Grossman and Frank T. Adams, Taking Care of Business (POCLAD USA, 1993), and the Timeline of Personhood Rights and Powers, compiled by Jan Edwards for WILPF, USA.

  5 Hear Ye, Hear Ye, Democracy Unlimited of Humboldt County, 1999.

  6 Stacy Mitchell, ‘Homegrown Economics’, Orion Afield, USA, 2001.

  7 See www.afd-online.org.

  8 From ‘An Outline of American History’ (http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/H/1994/chap8.htm) and ‘The Short History of Corporations’, op. cit.

  9 ABC News, 13–17 September 2000. See www.pollingreport.com/bnews2.htm.

  10 See http://grannyd.com.

  9: the gathering storm

  1 This account of the Peasants’ Revolt, except where indicated, is taken from the Anonimalle Chronicle, generally accepted as the most reliable contemporary source, as reprinted in R. B. Dobson, The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 (London: Macmillan, 1970).

  2 From the account of Thomas Walsingham, in Dobson, op. cit.

  3 Charles Oman, The Great Revolt of 1381 (Oxford: OUP, 1969).

  4 Will Hutton, ‘Capitalism must put its house in order’, Observer, 24 November 2002.

  5 Charlotte Denny, ‘US bank in hot water after telling clients to pull out of unionised firms’, Guardian, 25 November 2002.

  6 ‘Voice of the People Survey 2002’, World Economic Forum. See www.weforum.org.

  7 Jean Froissart, Chroniques X, in Dobson, op. cit.

  INDEX

  Adbusters, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  adivasi tribal people, ref 1

  advertising, ref 1; and corporations, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; reworking of billboards, ref 1

  African Social Forum, ref 1

  agriculture: in Brazil see Brazil; effect of NAFTA on Mexican, ref 1; and food sovereignty, ref 1; and WTO, ref 1

  Agro-ecologia, ref 1

  Alianza Social Continental, ref 1

  Alliance for Democracy, ref 1

  Alliance of Papuan Students (AMP), ref 1

  Alternative Information and Development Centre (AIDC), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Alternative Radio, ref 1

  Amazon tribes, ref 1

  American Civil War, ref 1, ref 2

  American Independent Business Alliance (AMIBA), ref 1

  ‘Amunggur’, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Amungme tribe, ref 1

  ANC (African National Congress), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; changes initiated by government of, ref 1; comes to power, ref 1; and globalisation, ref 1, ref 2; opposition to and discontent with, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5; ‘war on the poor’, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Anti-Billboard Brainwashing Action (ABBA), ref 1

  Anti-Privatisation Forum (APF) (Johannesburg), ref 1, ref 2

  apartheid, ref 1

  Apple, Agent, ref 1, ref 2

  Arcata, ref 1

  Argentina, ref 1, ref 2

  Arnison, Matthew, ref 1, ref 2

  Arnoldo, ref 1

  Article ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Asian Social Forum, ref 1

  Bagdikian, Ben: The Media Monopoly, ref 1

  Ball, John, ref 1, ref 2

  ballot initiatives, ref 1

  Bangladesh, ref 1

  Barbie Liberation Front, ref 1

  Barcelona: protests against European Union Summit, ref 1

  Barsamian, David, ref 1, ref 2

  Batista, Nazare, ref 1, ref 2

  Batista, Sebastian, ref 1

  Bechtel Enterprises, ref 1, ref 2

  Bello, Walden, ref 1

  Berlusconi, Silvio, ref 1, ref 2

  Billboard Liberation Front, ref 1

  billboards: reworking of, ref 1

  Billy, Reverend, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Bionatur, ref 1

  biopiracy, ref 1, ref 2

  Biotic Baking Brigade (BBB), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Black Bloc, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Blair, Tony, ref 1, ref 2

  Bohmke, Heinrich, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Bolduc, David, ref 1

  Bolivia, ref 1; coca farmers’ union, ref 1; economy, ref 1; inequality, ref 1; PGA global activist conference, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; ‘Water War’ in Cochabamba, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Bond, Patrick, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Borders, ref 1

  Bougainville, ref 1

  Boulder, ref 1; Community Vitality Act, ref 1, ref 2

  Boulder Independent Business Alliance (BIBA), ref 1, ref 2

  Bové, José, ref 1, ref 2

  BP, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Brandaó, Osmar, ref 1

  Brazil, ref 1, ref 2; ban on GM foods, ref 1; criticism of government’s land reform, ref 1; decline in agriculture and problems for small farmers, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; land ownership by elite, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and MST see MST; multinational corporations and seed production, ref 1; and ‘participatory budgets’, ref 1

  Brazil Workers’ Party (PT), ref 1, ref 2

  Britain: early corporations, ref 1; inequality, ref 1; road protest movement, ref 1

  Brown, Willie, ref 1

  Browne, John, ref 1

  Bullard, Nicola, ref 1

  Bush, George W., ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; corporations and election campaign, ref 1

  ‘Buy Nothing Day’, ref 1

  California Department of Corrections, ref 1

  Camdessus, Michel, ref 1

  Campaign Against Ne
oliberalism in South Africa (CANSA), ref 1

  Canada, ref 1

  capitalism, ref 1; and crisis of overproduction, ref 1; Korten on abolishing of, ref 1

  Cardoso, Fernando Henrique, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Carlo Giuliani Youth Camp, ref 1

  CBS, ref 1

  Chatsworth township (South Africa), ref 1, ref 2

  Che Guevara, ref 1

  Cheney, Dick, ref 1

  Chiapas (Mexico), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; decimation of Mayan communities, ref 1; declaring of ‘autonomous municipalities’ by villages and survival of, ref 1, ref 2; described, ref 1; education in autonomous regions, ref 1; Encuentro (1996), ref 1, ref 2; Global Exchange’s ‘reality tours’, ref 1, ref 2; peace observers living in vulnerable Zapatista villages as deterrent to government assaults, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; poverty, ref 1; see also Zapatista rebellion; Zapatistas

  children: and consumerism, ref 1

  Chirac, Jacques, ref 1

  Chomsky, Noam, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Chrétien, Jean, ref 1

  Church of Stop Shopping, ref 1

  Cienfuegos, Paul, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  Citizens Concerned About Corporations (CCAC), ref 1

  Clandestine Revolutionary Indigenous Committee, ref 1

  Clean Air Act, ref 1

  Coca-Cola, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Cocaleros, ref 1

  Cochabamba (Bolivia), ref 1, ref 2; PGA conference, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; ‘Water War’, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Colored Farmers’ National Alliance, ref 1

  Colosio, Luis Donaldo, ref 1

  commons, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  communism: collapse of, ref 1, ref 2

  Community Vitality Act, ref 1, ref 2

  Confédération Paysanne, ref 1

  Congress of Rural Organisations (CLOC), ref 1

  consumerism, ref 1; activities against, ref 1; and advertising, ref 1, ref 2; and children, ref 1; corporate response to growth of activities against, ref 1; crusade against by Reverend Billy, ref 1; growth of, ref 1; and homogenising of cultures, ref 1, ref 2; in United States, ref 1

  Coordinadora, ref 1, ref 2

  corporations, ref 1, ref 2; and advertising, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; authority of, ref 1; in Britain, ref 1; and Bush’s election campaign, ref 1; challenging authority of: and Alliance for Democracy, ref 1; and Boulder Independent Business Alliance (BIBA), ref 1, ref 1; CCAC and ‘Measure F’, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; changes made if corporate personhood revoked, ref 1; and Democracy Unlimited, ref 1, ref 2; and ‘Granny D’, ref 1; plans to introduce ‘three strikes and you’re out’ law to crack down on corporate crime, ref 1; and POCLAD, ref 1, ref 2; and Reclaim Democracy, ref 1, ref 2; Resolution of the City of Point Arena on Corporate Personhood, ref 1, ref 2; drive to make ‘socially responsible’, ref 1; history of conflict with public institutions in US, ref 1; increasing control over local shopping habits, ref 1; Lincoln on, ref 1; ownership of media, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; power and influence of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; re-programming, ref 1; response to growth of activities against consumerism, ref 1; and TRIPS, ref 1; ways to rein in, ref 1; and WTO, ref 1

  COSATU, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Cueva, Hector de la, ref 1

  culture jamming, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  cultures: homogenising of, ref 1, ref 2

  ‘cyber-squatting’, ref 1

  debt, Third World, ref 1, ref 2

  Delhi, ref 1

  Demmak, ref 1, ref 2

  Democracy Unlimited, ref 1, ref 2

  Desai, Ashwin, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  ‘development’, ref 1

  Dias, Guilherme, ref 1

  Díaz, Porfirio, ref 1

  Diesel, ref 1

  Disney Corporation, ref 1, ref 2

  Disney Store (New York), ref 1

  Dor, George, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Dozy, Jean-Jacques, ref 1

  ‘Dracula strategy’, ref 1

  DuPont, ref 1

  Durban, ref 1; and Chatsworth township, ref 1, ref 2

  Durban Social Forum, ref 1

  Dutch East India Company, ref 1

  Earth First!, ref 1

  Earth Summit (2002), ref 1

  East India Company, ref 1

  Ecologist, ref 1

  Economist, The, ref 1, ref 2

  economy: Korten’s proposals for changing, ref 1, ref 2; need for finance to be reigned in, ref 1; redefining GDP, ref 1

  Ecuador, ref 1

  Edwards, Jan, ref 1, ref 2

  Eisner, Michael, ref 1

  ejido, ref 1, ref 2

  Elizabeth I, Queen, ref 1

  ELS-HAM, ref 1

  Eluay, Theys, ref 1

  Encuentro (Chiapas) (1996), ref 1, ref 2

  Enron, ref 1

  Eskom, ref 1, ref 2

  Esteva, Gustavo, ref 1, ref 2

  European Social Forum, ref 1, ref 2

  European Union: and banana imports, ref 1; Summit (Barcelona), ref 1; and WTO, ref 1

  Evans, Donald, ref 1

  EZLN (Zapatista Army of National Liberation) see Zapatistas

  Fanclubbers, ref 1

  Far Eastern Economic Review, ref 1

  Farmers’ Alliance, ref 1, ref 2

  Federal Communications Commission, ref 1, ref 2

  Fischer, Stanley, ref 1

  Food First, ref 1

  food sovereignty, ref 1

  Fox, Vicente, ref 1, ref 2

  free market, ref 1, ref 2

  Free Papua Movement see OPM

  Free Trade Area of the Americas, ref 1

  Freeport, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7

  Friedman, Milton, ref 1, ref 2

  Friedman, Thomas, ref 1, ref 2

  G8: summit demonstrations against in Birmingham (1998), ref 1; demonstrations against in Genoa (2001), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Galeano, Eduardo, ref 1

  Galile, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6

  Gap, ref 1

  Garnier, Jean-Pierre, ref 1

  GEAR (Growth Employment and Redistribution), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5

  ‘General Agreement on Sustainable Trade’, ref 1

  General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), ref 1

  General Electric, ref 1

  General Motors, ref 1, ref 2

  genetically modified food, ref 1

  Genoa protests (2001), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Giuliani, Carlo, ref 1, ref 2

  Giuliani, Rudolph, ref 1

  GlaxoSmithKline, ref 1

  Global Exchange, ref 1, ref 2

  global resistance movement: ref 1; and contesting of power, ref 1; diversity as characteristic of, ref 1; growth of, ref 1; and indigenous concerns, ref 1; old left/new movement division, ref 1; organisation, ref 1; principles and values, ref 1; strategy, ref 1

  Global Trade Watch, ref 1

  globalisation, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; denial of choice for rural people, ref 1; as exclusion ref 1, ref 2; and increase in inequality, ref 1; and privatisation, ref 1; social and economic impact of, ref 1

  Globalise Resistance, ref 1

  ‘golden straitjacket’, ref 1

  Goodfellow, Walter, ref 1, ref 2

  Gramsci, Antonio, ref 1

  Granny D (Doris Haddock), ref 1

  Grazino, Francisco, ref 1

  Greenfield (Massachusetts), ref 1

  Gross Domestic Product (GDP): redefining of, ref 1

  Group Areas Act (1950), ref 1

  Growth Employment and

  Redistribution see GEAR

  Gutierrez, Lucio, ref 1

  hacienda system, ref 1

  Haddock, Doris (‘Granny D’), ref 1

  Halliburton Energy, ref 1

  Hammerstrom, Doug, ref 1, ref 2

  Hart, Daniella, ref 1

  Hayes, Rutherford, ref 1

  Heluy, Helena Burros, ref 1

  Hurwitz, Charles, ref 1

  IMF (Internation
al Monetary Fund), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; abolishing of proposal, ref 1, ref 2; and Bolivia, ref 1; and South Africa, ref 1

  India, ref 1, ref 2; and basmati rice patent, ref 1

  Indonesia, ref 1, ref 2; community resistance to international mining operations, ref 1; and West Papua see West Papua

  Indymedia, ref 1, ref 2

  Indymedia Chiapas, ref 1

  inequality: increase in, ref 1; in South Africa, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Institute for Food and Development Policy, ref 1

  Institutional Revolutionary Party

  (PRI), ref 1

  intellectual property, ref 1; see also TRIPS

  International Monetary Fund see IMF

  International Forum on Globalization (IFG), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  Internet, ref 1, ref 2

  Ireland, ref 1

  Itapeva (Brazil), ref 1

  Japan, ref 1, ref 2

  Jayapura (Papua New Guinea), ref 1

  Johannesburg, ref 1, ref 2; anti-WTO march, ref 1, ref 2

  Johannesburg Anti-Privatisation Forum see Anti-Privatisation Forum

  journalism, ref 1, ref 2

  Jungmann, Raul, ref 1

  Karnataka State Farmers’ Association, ref 1

  Keynes, John Maynard, ref 1

  Khor, Martin, ref 1

  de Klerk, F. W., ref 1

  Koizumi, Junichiro, ref 1

  Korten, David, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Kuala Kencana, ref 1

  La Garrucha, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4

  land: equitable distribution of and improvement of people’s lives, ref 1; loss of/lack of access to as biggest cause of poverty, ref 1; see also Brazil

  Landless People’s Movement, ref 1

  Landless Rural Workers’ Movement see MST

  Lasn, Kalle, ref 1, ref 2

  Lego, ref 1

  Legrain, Philippe, ref 1

  Levin, Gerry, ref 1

  liberalism, ref 1

  Lincoln, Abraham, ref 1, ref 2

  Lucas, Caroline, ref 1

  ‘Lula’ da Silva, ref 1, ref 2

  Mandela, Nelson, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3

  Mandowen, Willy, ref 1

  Marcos, Subcomandante, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9

  Maria, Major Ana, ref 1

  Martins da Souza, Ilda, ref 1

  Martins, Horacio, ref 1

  Marx, Karl: The Communist Manifesto, ref 1