John Marshall
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Floor leader, Marshall, John, as, 155–156
Force Act, 261
Force Bill, 316
Foreign Affairs Committee, House, 272
Foreign policy, of Washington, George, 122, 146
Fort Adams, 213
Fort Massac, 241
Fort McHenry, 279
Fort Sumter, 318
France
Adams, John, against, 129–133, 135, 139–142
British exports embargoed by, 273
Burr in, 257
Federalists and, 144–146
Jay Treaty and, 109–114, 116–117, 128, 323
Jefferson supporting, 91–92, 94–95, 132
Louisiana Purchase from, 212–215
Marshall, John, returning from, 143–147
Monroe as minister to, 104, 117–119
ship seizures and, 3, 128, 150, 175
See also Franco-English war; French Revolution; Napoléon Bonaparte; Peace commission, to France
Franco-American treaty of alliance of 1778, 89–90, 92, 116
Franco-English war, 110
Genet and, 92–99, 101–103
Neutrality Proclamation and, 92–96, 103
ships seized in, 2–3, 92, 175
U.S. and, 89–99
Frank, John Paul, 4, 183
“French Party,” 140
French Revolution, 2, 93, 106, 142
Barras and, 125–128
Jefferson supporting, 85–86, 89–90
songs, 101–102
Fries, John
Adams, John, and, 159–160, 168, 173
Chase and, 159, 228, 230
property taxes and, 159–160, 230
treason by, 159
Fulton, Robert, 304–306
Gallatin, Albert, 155, 189, 280
Gall-bladder operation, 313–314
Gambier, Lord, 280
Gazette of the United States, 190
Geismer, Baron de, 24
Genet, Edmond-Charles-Edouard
Franco-English war and, 92–99, 101–103
Jefferson and, 94, 97–98, 101–102
whiskey tax and, 106
Georgia
Cherokee Acts in, 309–313, 325
in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 310–313
state sovereignty of, 293, 309–313
See also Worcester v. Georgia
Germantown, Battle of, 21–23, 26
Gerry, Elbridge, 130, 132, 134, 139–140
Ghent, Treaty of, 277, 279–282, 285
Gibbons, Thomas, 305–306
Gibbons v. Ogden, 304–306, 324
Giles, William Branch
Burr and, 246–247, 250
against federal judiciary, 196, 215–216
against Jefferson, 258
Great Britain
Burr in, 257
case law in, 270
Chesapeake attacked by, 259
Embargo Act not harming, 259–260
impressment by, 270, 272, 282
Jay in, 104, 118
Napoléon Bonaparte fighting, 150–152
Nash and, 160–163
Olmstead and, 261, 263
robes worn by judges in, 179, 184–185
ship seizures by, 2–3, 175, 282
ultra-Federalists favoring, 146, 154
U.S. commercial accord with, 285
Washington, DC, burned by troops of, 273, 278–279, 282, 290
See also Franco-English war; Jay Treaty; Revolutionary War; War of 1812
Great Lakes, 285
Greeley, Horace, 313
Grimke, Thomas S., 301
Griswold, Roger, 140–141
Guerrière, 277
Habeas corpus, writs of, 246–247
Hall of Justice, 266
Hamilton, Alexander, 3, 115–116
Adams, Abigail, on, 144, 174
Burr no longer friends with, 163–164
Burr’s duel with, 120–121, 222–227, 242
cabinet manipulated by, 129
on Constitution, 60–61
death of, 225–227
death of son, 199
death of Washington, George, and, 1–2, 157
Federalists divided by, 154–155, 192
against French peace overture, 154–155
on implied powers, 298
as Inspector General, 144–146, 159, 163, 167
against Jefferson, 83–90, 92, 105
Letter from Alexander Hamilton, Concerning the Public Conduct and Character of John Adams, Esq., President of the United States by, 173–174
on Louisiana Purchase, 213–214
Monroe challenged to duel by, 120–121, 222–223
Neutrality Proclamation supported by, 92–93
New-York Evening Post of, 199, 220
presidential election of 1800 and, 164–165, 185–186, 189
in Revolutionary War, 26, 28, 37–38
rumored insurgency of, 188
scandal of, 104–105, 119–121, 222–223
as Treasury Secretary, 61, 82–84, 104–109, 210
ultra-Federalists and, 144, 146, 154–155, 166
Hancock, John, 16–17, 55
Harrison, William Henry, 272, 285
Hauteval, Lucien, 137, 140–141
Hay, George, 187, 251
Hemings, Sally, 201–202
Henry, Patrick, 31, 35, 38, 109, 118
as antifederalist, 52, 56, 59–60, 67–68
on Civil War, 78
Constitution despised by, 61–62
liberty and, 7–8, 41, 83
Marshall, John, as cocounsel with, 75–79
Marshall, John, endorsed by, 153–154
Revolutionary War and, 15, 17, 24–25, 37
Tenth Amendment and, 299
at Virginia ratification convention, 2, 7–10, 64–69, 71
Hite, Jost, 42, 44
Hite v. Fairfax
law practice of Marshall, John, and, 42–44, 82, 110–113
Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee and, 286
HMS Hermione, 160
Hopkinson, Joseph, 228–229
Horatius pseudonym, 186–187
Hottinguer, Jean Conrad, 133–135, 140–141
House of Representatives
Foreign Affairs Committee, 272
impeachment by, 215–219
Jay Treaty and, 114–115
Marshall, John, in, 153–155, 160–163
Naval Committee, 272
payment of, 171
presidential election of 1800 decided by, 185–190
role of, 59
Howe, William, 18, 22, 25
Hunter, David, 286, 323
Impeachment
Adams, John Quincy, on, 215–216, 228, 231–232
of Chase, 217–222, 227–234
of federal judiciary, 215–220, 258, 303
by House of Representatives, 215–219
of Pickering, John, 216, 231
Senate and, 215–216, 221–222, 228–243
Implied powers, 294, 298, 300, 324
Impressment, 270, 272–274, 282
Inalienable rights, 295, 301–302
Indian nations, fighting with, 272, 285
See also Cherokee Nation v. Georgia; Fletcher v. Peck; Worcester v. Georgia
Individual rights, 179, 321
Inland water route, 275–276
Inspector General, Hamilton as, 144–146, 159, 163, 167
L’Insurgeante, 150
International law, 284
Interstate commerce, 57, 305–306, 324
Iron Hill, Battle of, 21
Jackson, Andrew
Burr honored by, 241–242, 244
Cherokee Acts and, 309, 313, 325
in New Orleans battle, 280–282
oath of office taken by, 314
reelection of, 314
Story on, 316
Supreme Court appointments by, 316
tariff law enforced by, 315–316
wife of, 314
James River, 275–276, 285–2
86
Jay, John, 56, 82, 164
as Chief Justice, 178–180
in Great Britain, 104, 118
Jay Treaty
confiscation law nullified by, 286
Federalists supporting, 115
France and, 109–114, 116–117, 128, 323
House of Representatives and, 114–115
Marshall, John, and, 110–115
Nash and, 161
Jefferson, Thomas
bankruptcy of, 306–307
Batture lands case involving, 267–269
Burr accused of treason by, 241, 243–244, 246–250
Callender and, 119, 168, 201–202
Chase and, 205, 218–220, 233
Civil War and, 10, 164, 182, 188, 190
Constitution violated by, 203, 206–208, 210
coup attempted by, 233
on Cushing’s death, 267
daughters of, 37, 45
death of, 307
death of Washington, George, and, 1–2, 158
Declaration of Independence coauthored by, 17, 83
Democratic Societies of, 88, 94, 105–106
Embargo Act of, 259–263, 275
as enemy of Marshall, John, 5, 13, 182, 203, 271
father’s death changing, 13
against federal judiciary, 179–180, 193–200, 205
federal judiciary appointments of, 231, 236–238
Force Act of, 261
France supported by, 91–92, 94–95, 132
French Revolution supported by, 85–86, 89–90
Genet and, 94, 97–98, 101–102
Giles turning against, 258
as governor of Virginia, 31–32, 34, 36–37
Hamilton against, 83–90, 92, 105
Hamilton’s death and, 227
judgeships as elective offices supported by, 302–303
against judicial review, 215
“judiciary reform” by, 216–217, 258
Kentucky Resolution of, 145, 148, 199, 259, 287
Latrobe hired by, 266
liberty and, 84–85, 89
Livingston, Edward, and, 160–162, 267–268
Louisiana Purchase by, 212–215
Madison and, 62, 88, 261–262
Marbury v. Madison and, 206–207, 215, 227, 322
Monroe and, 62, 119, 186–187
Nash and, 160
oath of office taken by, 191–192, 234
peace commission to France and, 131–132, 140–141
political enemies punished by, 258
“popular” dictatorship planned by, 177
presidential ambitions of, 94, 113–114, 122–123
presidential election lost by, 123, 125
presidential election of 1800 won by, 3, 163–167, 185–192, 223
on ratification, 62
reconciliation pleas by, 192–193
reelection of, 228
Revolutionary War and, 23–24, 28, 32, 34, 36
Richmond Capitol designed by, 168–169
secession called for by, 3
as secretary of state, 83–86, 97–98, 102
slavery and, 85, 201–202
against Supreme Court, 193–200, 215–219
training of, 35
treason by, 83, 97, 132
on trial by jury, 250–251
United States v. Burr and, 251–255
as widower, 37
Jeffersonians, 3, 88
Johnson, William, 217, 270–271, 304, 316
Judgeships, as elective offices, 302–303
Judicial review
Giles against, 247
importance of, 322
Jefferson against, 215
Marbury v. Madison
establishing, 209–210, 212, 300, 322
Judiciary. See Federal judiciary
Judiciary Act of 1789, 149, 198, 209
Judiciary Act of 1801, 178–179, 196, 198, 218
Judiciary Act of 1802, 196–199, 206
“Judiciary reform,” by Jefferson, 216–217, 258
Jurisdiction, of Supreme Court
appellate, 208
in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, 310–311
in Cohens v. Virginia, 301–302, 324
in Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee, 323
Roane against, 287
Jury, trial by, 60, 63–65, 250–251
Kanawha Company, 286
Kentucky
land owned by Marshall, Thomas, Sr., in, 11, 34–35, 46, 276
Resolution, 145, 148, 199, 259, 287
secession, 239–242
Key, Francis Scott, 279
Kléber, Jean Baptiste, 152
Knox, Henry, 54, 82, 106–107
Lafayette, Gilbert de, 25–26, 36–38, 95, 190
Land disputes, 291
Land rush, 285
Latrobe, Benjamin, 266
Law practice, of Marshall, John, 72, 86, 88, 168
beginning of, 41
Commonwealth v. Randolph and, 75–76
Henry as cocounsel in, 75–79
Hite v. Fairfax, 42–44, 82, 110–113
Ware v. Hylton in, 76–79
Laws
case law, 269–270, 303
Code of, 269
confiscation, 286
international, 284
statutory, 269
tariff, 315–316
See also American constitutional law; Contract law; Federal laws; State laws
Lear, Tobias, 158
Lee, Charles, 25–26, 109, 206
Lee, Henry “Light-Horse Harry,” 31, 48, 51–52, 67
on death of Washington, George, 156–157
Marshall, John, and, 99, 101, 104, 107, 116
Legal issues, political issues and, 162
Leopard, 259
Létombe, Joseph, 132
Letter from Alexander Hamilton, Concerning the Public Conduct and Character of John Adams, Esq., President of the United States (Hamilton), 173–174
Liberty
Constitution and, 63–64
Henry and, 7–8, 41, 83
Jefferson and, 84–85, 89
union and, 313
Life of George Washington (Marshall, J., and Washington, B.), 158, 184, 276
Lincoln, Abraham, 299–300
Lincoln, Benjamin, 55
Lincoln, Levi, 206
Livingston, Brockhorst, 236–237, 270–271
Livingston, Edward, 160–162, 267–268
Livingston, Robert, 304–306
Local-action rule, 269
Locke, John, 17
Long Island, Battle of, 19
Lottery, 301
Louis XVI, 89
Louis XVIII, 278
Louisiana Purchase, 212–215, 307
See also New Orleans
Lumpkin, Wilson, 311
Lyon, Matthew, 140–141, 145, 148
Madison, James, 54, 56, 272
appointments by, 267–268
Bill of Rights and, 71
death of, 318
embargo and, 261–263, 273
Jefferson and, 62, 88, 261–262
and Marbury, William, 196
Monroe’s death influencing, 309
oath of office taken by, 262–263
as secretary of state, 196, 208, 236, 262
Supreme Court decisions enforced by, 262
at Virginia ratification convention, 62, 64, 67–68, 71, 299
Virginia Resolution of, 145, 148, 199
at Virginia state constitution reform convention, 308
War of 1812 declared by, 273–274
See also Marbury v. Madison
Malta, 143
Mandamus, writs of, 206–209, 322
Marbury, William, 196, 206–208, 322
Marbury v. Madison
Constitution changed by, 207–210
government restrained by, 207, 210, 227
Jefferson and, 206–207, 215, 227, 322
judicial review established by, 209–210, 212, 300, 322
long-t
erm effects of, 210–212
Marshall, John, and, 196, 206–212, 217, 322
in new foundation for constitutional law, 294
Supreme Court as final arbiter established by, 293
Supreme Court’s power to void federal laws and, 209, 212, 215, 287, 322
Marriage, of Marshall, John
courtship before, 33–34, 38
happiness in, 5, 45–46, 109
letters during, 112, 147, 172–173, 204, 313
peace commission influencing, 131–133, 137–138
Villette and, 137–139, 146, 154
Marshall, Alexander Keith (brother), 15
Marshall, Edward Carrington (son), 235, 289, 317
Marshall, Eliza (sister), 15
Marshall, Jacquelin Ambler (son), 45, 81, 86, 131, 289
Marshall, James Keith (son), 172, 289
Marshall, James Markham (brother), 15, 219, 245
Fairfax Manor Lands and, 44, 112, 131, 133, 286
in Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee, 286
as Midnight Judge, 180
in Revolutionary War, 32, 34
wife of, 112, 131
Marshall, John, 37, 57, 87, 107
Adams, John, supported by, 146, 155–156, 160–163, 176
aging of, 289
against Alien and Sedition Acts, 147–148
appointments by Washington, George, refused by, 80–81, 88, 109, 118
Aristides pseudonym of, 96
childhood home of, 11–12
College of William and Mary and, 35, 72, 95, 147, 174, 184
death of, 317–318
death of Washington, George, and, 2
education of, 12–15, 35–36
election campaign of, 149, 153–154
as father of federal justice system, 4–5
as Federalist, 54, 72, 131, 155–156
as floor leader, 155–156
Franco-English war and, 92, 94–96, 98–99
Henry endorsing, 153–154
in House of Representatives, 153–155, 160–163
Jay Treaty and, 110–115
Jefferson as enemy of, 5, 13, 182, 203, 271
Lee, Henry, and, 67, 99, 101, 104, 107, 116
Life of George Washington by, 158, 184, 276
Monroe at odds with, 62–64, 72
Monroe friends with, 13–14, 117–118, 288–290
Nash and, 160–163
Oak Hill home, 46–47, 205, 236, 258, 317
in peace commission to France, 3, 131–145
presidential candidacy turned down by, 274–275
presidential election of 1800 and, 186–189
Quoits Club of, 79–80
return from France, 143–147
in Revolutionary War, 15–25, 28–29, 31–32
Richmond house of, 72–73
as secretary of state, 170, 172–180, 195
on Shays’s Rebellion, 48–49, 55
slavery and, 42, 46, 73–75, 81, 131
Story, Joseph, praising, 313
surveying by, 275–276
vacationing with Monroe, 205–206
in Virginia Legislature, 38, 40, 51–52, 111
at Virginia ratification convention, 2, 8–10, 61–69