The Spy Who Loved: The Secrets and Lives of Christine Granville
Page 43
69 Dorothy Wakely, Massingham Signals Planning Officer, correspondence (April 2011).
70 Sweet-Escott, Baker Street Irregular, p. 202.
71 Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, Patrick O’Regan papers.
72 IWM, Sound Archive, 8880, Havard Gunn.
73 Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, Patrick O’Regan papers.
74 Stafford, ‘The Tragedy of Christine Granville’.
75 Lady Diana Duff Cooper, quoted in Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. 165.
76 Andrzej Kowerski-Kennedy, quoted in Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. 159.
77 Ibid., p. 190.
78 Ibid., p. 159.
79 Howarth, Undercover, p. 73.
80 Ibid., p. 73.
81 Andrzej Kowerski-Kennedy, quoted in Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. 159.
82 Ibid., p. 160.
83 Buckmaster, They Fought Alone, p. 91.
84 Maurice Buckmaster, ‘All Communications Will be Cut’, Chambers’s Journal (1946–7, republished online by Steven Kippax, 2011), p. 23.
85 Cowburn, No Cloak, No Dagger, p. 67.
86 Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. 160.
87 IWM, Sound Archive, 10447, Pearl Cornioley.
88 Douglas Dodds-Parker, Head of SOE Massingham, interviewed by Jeff Bines (c.2000).
89 IWM, Sound Archives, 9970, Reel 12, Sir Brooks Richards.
90 Ibid.
91 Foot, SOE: An Outline History, p. 75.
92 John Anstey quote in Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. 168.
93 Binney, Women Who Lived for Danger, pp. 9–10.
94 Helm, A Life in Secrets, p. 14.
10: A FRENCH OCCUPATION
1 Jenkins, A Pacifist, pp. 9, 25.
2 Ibid., p. 35.
3 Ibid., p. 54.
4 TNA, HS9/258/5, ‘MI5 record sheet’ (13.7.1942).
5 Ibid., Francis Cammaerts ‘training report’ (8.12.1942); also ‘Paramilitary training’ (nd).
6 Marks, Between Silk and Cyanide, pp. 200–201.
7 TNA, HS9/258/5, Francis Cammaerts, ‘Paramilitary training’ (nd).
8 TNA, HS9/258, Cammaerts, ‘Historical Account of Mission’ (nd).
9 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 4.
10 IWM, Sound Archive, 11238, Francis Cammaerts; also Jeremy Clay, ‘The Pacifist Who Led a Secret Army’, Leicester Mercury (2005).
11 TNA, HS9/258, Cammaerts, ‘Historical Account of Mission’ (nd).
12 Foot, SOE: An Outline History, p. 10.
13 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 70.
14 Cowburn, No Cloak, No Dagger, introduction.
15 Marks, Between Silk and Cyanide, p. 9.
16 TNA, HS9/258, Cammaerts interview by Capt Howard (16–18.1.1944).
17 Escott, Heroines of SOE F Section, pp. 103–6.
18 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 95.
19 TNA, HS9/258/5, ‘Interrogation of Roger’ (21.11.1943).
20 See Helm, A Life in Secrets, pp. 101, 312; Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 226.
21 TNA, HS9/258/5, ‘Interrogation of Roger’ (21.11.1943).
22 Binney, Marcus, The Women Who Lived for Danger, p. 22.
23 TNA, HS9/258/5, Cammaerts, ‘Historical Account of Mission’ (nd).
24 Buckmaster, Specially Employed, p. 122.
25 Bailey, Forgotten Voices, Francis Cammaerts, p. 204.
26 TNA, HS9/258/5, Roger Report (26.3.1944).
27 Daniel Farson, ‘Riddle of the Woman Pimpernel’, Observer Magazine (20.10.1974).
28 Mackiewicz, Two Ladies Die, pp. 321–5. A similar version of this story was later repeated by Andrzej to Wladimir Ledochówski.
29 Howarth, Undercover, p. 81.
30 Cole/Moss papers, ‘Forces Françaises du Vercors, Autorisation de Circuler sur le Plateau de Vercors’, identity card 504 for Jacqueline Armand (8.7.1944).
31 Barbier, Here, once, there was a French village, p. 41.
32 Cookridge, They Came From the Sky, p. 129.
33 Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 216.
34 IWM, Sound Archive, 11238, Francis Cammaerts.
35 Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. 187.
36 Ibid., p. 190.
37 Ibid.
38 IWM, Sound Archive, 11238, Francis Cammaerts.
39 Cowburn, No Cloak, No Dagger, p. 133.
40 TNA, HS9/258/5, ‘Interrogation of Roger’ (21.11.1943).
41 Ibid.
42 IWM, Francis Cammaerts’s papers, Ray Jenkins’s papers.
43 IWM, Francis Cammaerts’s papers, ‘Conversation between M. Francis Cammaerts, DSO and Professor David Dilks at Le Pouget’ (17.9.2002); also Cookridge, They Came From the Sky, p. 178.
44 TNA, HS9/258/5, ‘Interrogation of Roger’ (21.11.1943).
45 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 89.
46 TNA, HS9/258/5, interview by Capt Howard (16–18.1.1944).
47 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 168.
48 Daniel Farson, ‘Riddle of the Woman Pimpernel’, Observer Magazine (20.10.1974).
49 TNA, HS9/258/5, interview by Capt Howard (16–18.1.1944).
50 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 138.
51 TNA, HS9/258/5, ‘Francis Cammaerts’s Recommendation for the award of DSO’ (nd).
52 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 168.
53 TNA, HS9/258/5, Cammaerts to Brooks Richards (27.7.1944).
54 TNA, HS9/612, ‘To Brooks From Pauline’ (19.8.1944).
11: THE BATTLE OF VERCORS
1 IWM, Gubbins papers, 4/1/4, Gubbins lecture ‘SOE’ (June 1959).
2 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 171.
3 Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. 192.
4 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 170.
5 Sylviane Rey quoted in Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. 191.
6 Eduoard Renn, interview, Vassieux-en-Vercors (July 2011).
7 Ibid.
8 The Times, ‘Francis Cammaerts’, obituary (6.7.2006).
9 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 119/20.
10 Stafford, Secret Agent, p. 129.
11 Cookridge, They Came from the Sky, p. 150.
12 Pearson, Tears of Glory, p. 37.
13 Ibid., p. 44.
14 IWM, Sound Archive, 9970, Sir Brooks Richards.
15 Ibid.
16 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 150.
17 TNA/HS9/285/5, Cammaerts, ‘Historical Account of Mission’.
18 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 142.
19 IWM, Sound Archive, 11238: Francis Cammaerts.
20 TNA/H59/258/5, Cammaerts to Brooks, Richard (7.7.1944).
21 Daniel Huillier, interview, Vassieux-en-Vercors, (July 2011).
22 Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, pp. 192–3.
23 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 172.
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid.
27 Foot, SOE in France, p. 153.
28 Ibid.
29 Wilkinson and Astley, Gubbins and SOE, p. 194.
30 Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 236; also Binney, Women Who Lived for Danger, p. 85.
31 Cookridge, They Came from the Sky, p. 157.
32 Ibid.
33 Jenkins, A Pacifist, pp. 173–4.
34 IWM, Sound Archive, 9970: Sir Brooks Richards.
35 Jean-Paul le Chanois (dir.), Au Coeur de l’Orage.
36 Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 234.
37 Singer, Spies and Traitors.
38 Cookridge, They Came from the Sky, p. 157.
39 Binney, Women Who Lived for Danger, p. 86.
40 Gagnol, The Martyrs of Vercors, p. 13.
41 Daniel Huillier, interview, Vassieux-en-Vercors (July 2011).
42 Cookridge, They Came from the Sky, pp. 161–2.
43 Jean-Paul le Chanois (dir.), Au Coeur de l’Orage (1948).
44 TNA, HS9/258/5, SOE communications with Nan Cammaerts (24.7.1944).
45 Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 236.
46 Cookridge, They Came from the Sky, p. 160.
47 Ibid.
12: SWITCHING ALLEGIANCES
1 TNA, HS4/141, Lt Col Perkins to Col Protasewicz (26.6.1943).
2 Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. 188.
3 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 100.
4 Funk, Hidden Ally, p. 52.
5 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 169.
6 Ibid.
7 Jeff Bines sound archive, BTNA, HS9/612, Cammaerts, ‘Report on Christine Granville, known as Pauline’ (22.10.1944).
8 Mackiewicz, Two Ladies Die, pp. 321–5.
9 TNA, HS9/612, Granville to Brooks Richards (27.7.1944).
10 Ibid.
11 Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 188.
12 Darlow Smithson/Channel Four, The Real Charlotte Grays, Francis Cammaerts interview.
13 Jenkins, A Pacifist, pp. 185–6; also IWM, Cammaerts papers, ‘Conversation between M Francis Cammaerts, DSO, and Prof David Dilkes’ (17.9.2002).
14 Mackiewicz, Two Ladies Die, pp. 321–5.
15 TNA, HS9/612, ‘To Brooks From Pauline’ (19.8.1944).
16 Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, O’Regan papers, annotated photograph album (nd).
17 Ibid., typed report (nd).
18 Ibid., untitled note (1.8.1944).
19 Ibid., ‘Patrick’s parachute drop into France’ (nd).
20 Ibid., typed report (nd).
21 Ibid., ‘In France’ (nd).
22 TNA, HS9/612, Cammaerts, ‘Report on Christine Granville, known as Pauline’ (22.10.1944).
23 Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, O’Regan papers, untitled note (nd).
24 Ibid., ‘In France’ (nd).
25 Ibid., Granville to Marcellini (6.8.1944).
26 IWM, Francis Cammaerts papers, ‘Francis Cammaerts draft obituary for John Roper’ (nd).
27 IWM, Sound Archive, 12195, Robert William Berry Purvis.
28 TNA, HS9/258/5, Cammaerts.
29 Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, O’Regan papers, ‘In France’ (nd).
30 Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, O’Regan papers.
31 TNA, HS9/612, Cammaerts, ‘Report on Christine Granville, known as Pauline’ (22.10.1944).
32 The Times, Francis Cammaerts, ‘Mr Patrick O’Regan’ (14.3.1961).
33 TNA, HS9/612, Granville to Brooks (27.7.1944).
34 Ibid.
35 Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. 221.
36 TNA, HS9/612, Cammaerts, ‘Statement with regard to Mary Christine Granville’ (20.11.1945).
37 Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 246.
38 Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, O’Regan papers, typed note on surrender procedure (nd).
39 Ibid., Patrick O’Regan to General Schlemmer, Commander 75 Army Corps (27 April, year unknown).
40 Funk, Hidden Ally, p. 184.
41 IWM, Francis Cammaerts papers, 13/2, ‘Report on Christine Granville, known as Pauline’ (22.10.1944).
42 Funk, Hidden Ally, p. 184.
43 IWM, Francis Cammaerts papers, correspondence with Arthur Funk (9.12.1983).
44 Wladimir Ledóchowski, ‘Christine Skarbek-Granville’, p. 247.
45 TNA, HS9/612, Cammaerts, ‘Statement with regard to Mary Christine Granville’ (20.11.1945).
46 Ibid., General Stawell, ‘Citation in respect of Miss Mary Christine Granville’ (10.12.1944).
47 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 192.
13: OPERATION LIBERTÉ
1 Pawley, In Obedience, p. 48.
2 Fielding, Hide and Seek, pp. 229–32.
3 Ibid.
4 Cookridge, They Came from the Sky, p. 166.
5 Fielding, Hide and Seek, p. 233.
6 Ibid., p. 234.
7 Ibid., p. 233.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid., p. 234.
10 Ibid.
11 Mackiewicz, Two Ladies Die, pp. 321–5.
12 Fielding, Hide and Seek, p. 236.
13 Ibid., p. 238.
14 TNA, HS9/258/5, Cammaerts, interview by Capt Howard (16–18.1.1944).
15 Ibid.
16 Yesterday Channel, The Secret War: Christine Granville, Polish Spy, Francis Cammaerts interview (27.6.2011).
17 Binney, Women Who Lived for Danger, p. 41.
18 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 124.
19 Fielding, Hide and Seek, p. 240.
20 Ibid., p. 241.
21 Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. 211.
22 Fielding, Hide and Seek, p. 243.
23 Ibid., p. 244.
24 IWM, Sound Archive, 11238, Francis Cammaerts.
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid.
27 Fielding, Hide and Seek, p. 246.
28 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 124.
29 IWM, Christine Granville file, ‘Union Mission report’ (nd).
30 TNA, HS9/258/5, SOE communications with Nan Cammaerts (14.8.1944).
31 Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, O’Regan papers, O’Regan typed report (nd).
32 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 197.
33 TNA, HS9/612, ‘Statement made by Miss Christine Granville’ (1.11.1944).
34 Ibid.
35 IWM, Sound Archive, 11238, Francis Cammaerts.
36 Noreen Riols, interview (October 2011).
37 TNA, HS9/612, ‘Statement made by Miss Christine Granville’ (1.11.1944).
38 Ibid.
39 Ibid.
40 Ibid.
41 Fielding, Hide and Seek, p. 247.
42 Jeremy Clay, ‘The Spy Who Saved Me’, Leicester Mercury (2005).
43 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 199.
44 Fielding, Hide and Seek, p. 247.
45 Ibid., p. 248.
46 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 200.
47 Daniel Farson, ‘Riddle of the Woman Pimpernel’, Observer Magazine (20.10.1974); also Darlow Smithson/Channel Four, The Real Charlotte Grays, Francis Cammaerts interview.
48 Pawley, In Obedience, p. 48.
49 TNA, HS9/612, ‘Statement made by Miss Christine Granville’ (1.11.1944).
50 Sir Douglas Dodds-Parker, interviewed by Jeffrey Bines (c.2000).
51 Ibid.
52 O’Malley archive, Christine Granville to Sir Owen O’Malley (10.4.1947).
53 Ibid.
54 TNA, HS9/612, cover note for Cammaerts’s report on Christine Granville (15.11.1944).
55 Sunday Pictorial, Ross Richards, ‘Girl Spy’ (19.8.1956).
56 TNA, HS9/612, Christine Granville, General Stawell, ‘Citation in respect of Miss Mary Christine Granville’ (10.12.1944).
57 TNA, HS9/258/5, Cammaerts, interview by Capt Howard (16–18.1.year not given).
58 IWM, Sound Archive, 9970, Sir Brooks Richards.
59 HS9/612, Buckmaster, ‘Christine’ (18.9.1944).
60 Buckmaster, They Fought Alone, p. 232.
61 TNA, HS9/612, Cammaerts, ‘Report on Christine Granville, known as Pauline’ (22.10.1944).
62 IWM, Sound Archive, 11238, Francis Cammaerts.
63 Fielding, Hide and Seek, p. 249.
64 TNA, HS9/612, Christine Granville, General Stawell, ‘Citation in respect of Miss Mary Christine Granville’ (10.12.1944).
65 TNA, HS9/258/5, ‘Francis Cammaerts’s Recommendation for the award of DSO’ (nd).
66 Bailey, Forgotten Voices, p. 231.
67 Fielding, Hide and Seek, p. 252.
68 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 204.
69 Bailey, Forgotten Voices, p. 212.
70 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 204.
71 Ibid., p. 206.
72 IWM, Francis Cammaerts papers, correspondence with Arthur Funk (9.12.1983).
73 Pawley, In Obedience, p. 48.
74 Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. 223.
75 Lyall, Midnight Plus One, p. 96.
76 IWM, Gubbins papers, 2/11, Gubbins ‘SOE’ (June, 1959).
77 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 209.
78 Ibid.
79 IWM, Francis Cammaerts papers, 3, Ray Jenkins papers (2002–5).
8
0 Pope, ‘Remembering Richard’, p. 120.
81 Ibid.
82 Daniel Huillier, interview, Vassieux-en-Vercors (July 2011).
83 Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. 222.
14: MISSION IMPOSSIBLE
1 TNA, HS9/612, MPP/PD/879 to D/CE.g. (9.11.1944).
2 Ibid., ‘Krystina Giżycka (alias Christine Granville)’ (nd).
3 Noreen Riols, SOE Section F secretary, interview (October 2011).
4 Buckmaster, They Fought Alone, p. 232.
5 Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. xx.
6 Noreen Riols, SOE Section F secretary, interview (October 2011).
7 Helm, A Life in Secrets, p. 4.
8 Cole/Moss papers.
9 Masson, Christine: SOE Agent, p. 225.
10 Jenkins, A Pacifist, pp. 220–1.
11 Ibid., p. 216.
12 IWM, Gubbins papers, 4/1/4, Gubbins, ‘SOE’ (June, 1959).
13 Zamoyski, Poland, p. 328.
14 Wilkinson, Foreign Fields, p. 124.
15 Zamoyski, Poland, p. 328.
16 Walker, Poland Alone, p. 204.
17 Davies, Rising ’44, p. 249.
18 Ibid.
19 IWM, Gubbins papers, 2/1, ‘Talk to the Anglo-Polish Society in Connection with General Bór-Komorowski’s Memorial Evening’ (23.11.1966).
20 Bines, The Polish Country Section of the SOE, p. 200.
21 Davies, Rising ’44, p. 264.
22 Pravda (6.8.1944), quoted in the Warsaw Rising Museum, Warsaw (2011).
23 IWM, Gubbins papers, 4/1/4, Gubbins lecture ‘SOE’ (1959).
24 Olson and Cloud, Kościuszko Squadron, p. 300.
25 Peszke, The Polish Underground Army, p. 124.
26 Ibid., pp. 124–5.
27 Walker, Poland Alone, p. 246.
28 Bines, The Polish Country Section of the SOE, p. 200.
29 Sgt Alan Bates quoted in Bailey, Forgotten Voices, p. 256; also Garlinski, Poland, SOE and the Allies, p. 192.
30 Garlinski, Poland, SOE and the Allies, p. 192.
31 IWM, Sound Archive, 8685, Annette Street.
32 Dodds-Parker, Setting Europe Ablaze, p. 182.
33 Jenkins, A Pacifist, p. 244.
34 Noreen Riols, SOE Section F secretary, interview (October 2011).
35 Walker, Poland Alone, p. 277.
36 Bines, Operation Freston, p. 16.
37 Ibid., p. 18.
38 TNA, HS9/612, ‘Folkestone – SOE sub-mission to Polish Home Forces’ (26.12.1944).
39 Ibid., addendum (26.12.1944).
40 Ibid., D/CE.G. to MPP (11.11.1944).
41 Statistics from the Warsaw Rising Museum, Warsaw (2011).
42 IWM, Gubbins papers, 2/11/8, Gubbins, ‘Poland’ (nd).
43 Pienkowska papers, Special Forces Club notes on speakers at Andrzej Kowerski’s memorial event (1989).