Arthur Ashe
Page 105
Australian-American International tournament, 187
Australian Lawn Tennis Association, 185, 268
Australian National Championships, 155
Ashe’s statistics, 643
of 1966, 155–56
of 1967, 187–88
Australian Open, 144, 266–67, 525, 536
Ashe’s statistics, 643
of 1970, 266–67, 273, 369
of 1971, 281, 282
of 1974, 347
of 1977, 417, 453
of 1978, 438–39
Australian Tennis Federation, 148
autographs, 260, 337, 344
Avis Challenge Cup, of 1976, 402, 404
Ayres, B. Drummond, Jr., 582
AZT, 550–51
Bacharach, Burt, 343
backhand, 48, 72, 197
of Ashe, 72, 107, 129, 354, 364, 375, 382
Bailey, Bill, 430, 541
Bailey, Pearl, 307
Baker, Dr. Barry, 601
Baker, Bertram, 32, 33, 49, 59–60
Baker, Jean-Edouard, 109, 122, 134, 157, 169, 170, 192, 592, 669n23
Baker Street Grammar School, 14, 17, 41, 76
Bakke, Allan, 442
Bakke controversy, 442–43, 464
Balboa Bay Club tournament, 90–91, 93, 97, 98, 110
Ballesteros, Seve, 514
Baltimore, 22, 45, 48, 56
Baltimore Afro-American, 128
Baltimore Banners, 348
Baltimore Sun, 575
Banks, Ernie, 46
Barcelona, 142–43
Barclay, Jean-Claude, 247
Barnard, Christiaan, 339–40, 358–59
Barretts Tennis Camp, 330
Bartlett, Ray, 86
baseball, 21, 22, 27, 53, 54, 75, 122, 123, 154, 272, 302, 365, 398
desegregation, 24, 30, 33, 46
Negro Leagues, 22, 75
race relations and, 22–24, 30, 33, 43, 46, 164, 398
baseline play, 68, 72
basketball, 27, 46, 54, 75, 154, 164, 231, 272, 280, 365, 398, 419, 556, 562–63, 568
desegregation, 46
race relations and, 46, 164, 165, 398
UCLA, 85, 86, 91, 95, 124–25, 134, 147, 148, 157, 398
Bastad, 115, 129, 218, 306
“Battle of the Sexes,” 316–18, 396
Battles, Pat, 53, 60, 169–70, 674n13
engagement to Ashe, 169–70, 186–87, 195, 306
Battrick, Gerald, 235
Baylor, Elgin, 165
BBC, 376, 381, 382, 482, 696n25
Beale, Sam, 87
Bearden, Romare, 610
Beban, Gary, 85
Beck, Chris, 513, 514, 603, 627
Beckenham grass tournament, 177–79, 187, 371
Becker, Boris, 528, 531
Belafonte, Harry, 510–11, 521, 522
Belkin, Mike, 137, 140
Bellamy, Ralph, 98
Bellson, Louis, 307
benefit tournaments, 181–82, 202, 249, 343, 367, 412–13, 424, 514, 584, 590–91
Bengston, Ove, 215, 316
Benton, Ray, 500
Bergelin, Lennart, 364
Berkeley Tennis Club, Orange, New Jersey, 58
Berkow, Ira, 608
Berlin Olympics (1936), 22
Berry, Mary Frances, 521
Berry, Mrs. Olis, 16
Bertolucci, Paolo, 309
Beverly Hills Tennis Club, 98, 105, 159, 198
Bey, Adrian, 64
Bing, Dave, 210
Birmingham, Alabama, 77, 118, 121, 175, 176, 558
Black Enterprise, 558
Black Panther Party, 175
Black People’s Convention, 335
Black Power, 94, 171–72, 174, 176–79, 208, 230, 263
salute, 383
Black Tennis and Sports Foundation (BTSF), 505, 555, 558, 617
Black Tennis Foundation (BTF), 361, 434, 514, 617, 690n39, 691n39
Blackwell, Hammett, 7
Blackwell, Jinney, 7
Blackwell, Julia, 7
Blackwell, Robert, 7
Blake, James, 524, 589–90, 626, 711n15
Bland, Robert, 57
Bloom, Dave, 188
Blount, Renee, 524
Bobb, Robert, 617
Bodo, Peter, 464, 612–13, 720n47
Bollettieri, Nick, 260, 279, 293, 554–55, 624
Tennis Academy, 293, 554, 555
Bombay, 121
Bomzer, Ike, 262
Bond, Bill, 52, 124, 126, 127
Boone, Ray, 619
Bophuthatswana, 434, 469–70
Borg, Bjorn, 312, 349, 352, 364, 371, 372, 373, 388, 394, 396, 405, 437, 438, 439, 440, 466, 469, 590–91, 596, 701n8
Ashe vs., 316, 366, 369–70, 374–75, 393, 406
1975 WCT Masters tournament, 369–70
1975 Wimbledon, 374–75
Sun City episode, 469–70
Wimbledon win streak, 388, 424, 435
Borowiak, Jeff, 400, 578
BOSS, 332
Boston, 20–21, 120, 221, 299, 336, 354, 596
Boston, Ralph, 80
Boston Celtics, 46, 165
Boston College, 556
Boston Globe, 273, 326
Boswell, Thomas, 521
Bournemouth, England, 121, 205, 247
Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, 597
Bovett, Chris, 221
Bowditch, Robert, 67–68
Bowe, Riddick, 607
Bowrey, Bill, 187, 237, 238
boxing, 22, 24, 166–68, 329, 398–99, 421, 434, 607
desegregation, 46
race relations and, 46, 166–68, 398–99
Sun City, 469
Boynton v. Virginia, 77
Bracamonte, Orlando, 121
Bradley, Bill, 231, 442, 459, 463, 533, 599, 610, 611
Bradley, Tom, 463
Branch, Kip, 502, 534
Brazil, 113
Davis Cup competition, 184–86
Briner, Bob, 372, 383, 444
Brisbane, 151, 236, 537
Bristol-Myers, 562
British Indoor Championships, 235
British Lawn Tennis Association, 203
British West Indies, 196
Brooke, Edward, 174, 307
Brooke Field Park, Richmond, 1–13, 52, 162–63, 423
demolition of, 189–90
tennis, 11–13, 17, 19, 37, 59, 72, 76
Brooklyn Dodgers, 24, 33, 43, 46, 53, 75, 302
Brookville, Long Island, 195
Brossard, Chandler, 170–71
Brough, Louise, 33
Brown, Charles, 57
Brown, H. Rap, 175, 226
Brown, Jim, 46, 47, 154, 165, 263, 459
Brown, Ron, 610
Brown, Tom, 376
Brown University, 87
Brown v. Board of Education, 38, 52, 62–63, 112
Brutus, Dennis, 322, 325
Bryant, Paul “Bear,” 558
Bucharest, 298, 516
Buchholz, Butch, 67, 71, 72, 76, 255, 444, 601
Buchholz, Cliff, 67, 70, 71, 72, 76, 79, 80, 81
Buchholz, Earl, Sr., 72
Buchholz, Karin, 627
Budapest, 128–29, 405
Budge, Don, 24–25, 348
Buding, Ingo, 268
Buenos Aires, 185, 495–96, 498
Buenos Aires Lawn Tennis Club, 495
Bunche, Ralph, 33, 58–59, 75, 86, 145, 174, 435
Bunker, Ellsworth, 239
Burma, 241
Burns, John, 335
Bush, George H. W., 2, 540, 563, 569, 583
Haitian refugee policy, 592, 593
South Africa policy, 564, 566
bus segregation, 39, 76–77
Buthelezi, Mangosuthu, 338, 360, 690n34
Buwick, Gene, 259
Byrd, Harry Flood, Sr., 43, 580
Byrd Park, Richmond, 19–20, 24, 60, 161, 163, 172, 213–14, 580–81, 619
segregation, 19–20
tennis, 19�
��20, 80
Cairo, 454–55
Cal-Berkeley, 84, 85, 125
Calhoun, Thomas, 82
California, 26, 27, 52, 54, 66, 73–76, 82, 83
culture, 83–84
racism, 84, 90–96, 143–44
UCLA tennis, 74–76, 83–110, 111–38, 157–59, 178, 182
California Club, 109–10
California State Tennis Championships, 137
Cambodia, 241
Cameroon, 288–90, 436, 490
Cammack, Doris, 1–2, 435
Cammack, William, 435
Campanella, Roy, 46
Camp David Accords, 455
Canada, 137, 201
Davis Cup competition, 137
Cape Town, 338–40, 357, 358, 563
Caracas, 362
Cardoza, Michael, 358, 359
Carew, Rod, 398
Caribe Hilton tournament, 170, 195, 246
Carlgren, Elizabeth, 116
Carlos, John, 230, 263, 383, 459, 703n27
Carmichael, Bob, 139, 266
Carmichael, Stokely, 175, 176–79, 208–9, 226
Caronna, Dr. John, 544
Carr, Meryl, 306–8, 309, 310, 316, 323, 325, 343, 345, 349–51
Carrera, Danny, 199
Carrington, Arthur, 290–91, 315–16
1973 controversy, 315–16
cars, 134, 147
Carter, Jimmy, 408, 415, 418, 463, 464, 465
Carty, Rico, 164
Case, Ross, 300, 368, 404
Castro, Fidel, 592
Catalina Sport Clothes, 260, 262, 389, 430
Cathedral of St. John the Divine, Ashe’s memorial service at, 610–12
CBS, 285, 425, 543
CBS Classic tournament, 365
CBS This Morning, 543
celebrity, 3, 25, 98, 106, 299, 343, 367, 426, 510–11
AIDS and, 548, 568, 578, 582, 591, 593, 606–7
of Ashe, 81, 98, 112–13, 151, 155, 174, 180, 228–33, 257–63, 274, 351, 389–90, 395–99, 402–3, 420, 426, 427, 431, 457, 522
black, 396–99
cult of, 395–99, 402–3
product endorsement, 155, 246, 257–62, 265, 272, 389, 404, 430, 454, 461, 469, 487, 584, 562–63, 568, 577
sports and, 395–99
Celizic, Mike, 159
Centers for Disease Control, 503
Central California championships, 212
Central State College, 29
Chalk, Ocania, 508, 534
Chalmers, Alf, 253
Chamberlain, Wilt, 46, 154, 165
Champions Classic, 278
of 1971, 278–79
Chandler Junior High School, 63
Chaney, James, 130, 176
Chaney, John, 556
charging the net, 72
Charity, Ron, 12–14, 16, 24, 161
Ashe and, 13–14, 16, 17, 20, 37–38, 39, 41, 51, 76, 81–82, 667n25, 668n25
Charles, Ezzard, 30
Charles, Ray, 397
Charles Sumner High School, 67, 69, 70, 76, 78, 115, 345, 664n8
Charlottesville National Interscholastic tournaments, 35–36, 42, 51, 56–57, 63–64, 73, 79–80
Chatrier, Philippe, 289, 348, 349, 457, 477, 492, 526
Chavez, Roberto, 407
Chen, Dr. Irving, 584
Cherry Creek Country Club, Denver, 120
Chewning, Tom, 59, 72, 618, 619, 622, 623
Chicago, 24, 32, 57, 101, 140, 220, 303, 414, 586
Chicago Defender, The, 101
Chicago Sun–Times, 575
Chicago Tribune, 551, 552
Chile, 318, 434, 437
China, 274, 296, 322
chip-and-lob strategy, 378–79, 381–82
chopper grip, 72
Church of the Redeemer speech, 206–11
Cincinnati, 475–77
Cincinnati Masters tournament, 199
City College of New York, 23
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 8
Civil Rights Act (1964), 94, 131, 162
civil rights movement, 5, 19, 23, 62–63, 76–78, 86, 94–95, 118, 121, 130–31, 144, 171–79, 189, 206–13, 258, 263, 285, 318–19, 333, 399, 408, 409, 441
Ashe and, 63, 77–78, 94–95, 121, 130–31, 171–79, 206–13, 244, 263, 286, 521–22
Birmingham church bombing, 121, 176
Black Power, 176–79
Freedom Rides, 76–77, 95, 177
Freedom Summer, 130–31, 176
March Against Fear, 177–79
March on Washington, 121, 333
Civil War, 6, 219
Clark, Kenneth, 553
Clay, Bill, 423
Clay, Cassius. See Ali, Muhammad
clay courts, 31, 72, 80, 100, 101, 142, 185, 191–92, 197, 219, 247, 435, 490, 495
USLTA problem, 191–92
See also specific courts
Clemente, Roberto, 46
Clerc, José Luis, 435, 475–78, 495, 499
Cleveland, 132, 184, 194, 214, 220, 221, 251–52, 255, 299, 304
Cleveland Browns, 46, 165
Cleveland Indians, 30, 46, 398
Clifton Park, Baltimore, 48
Clinton, Bill, 583, 595, 603, 605, 610, 613
Clinton, Hillary Rodham, 595
clothes, tennis, 21, 40, 48, 96, 259, 279
Davis Cup, 380
endorsement contracts, 155, 260, 262, 389, 430, 461, 562
1975 Ashe-Connors Wimbledon match, 379–80
USLTA rules, 260, 272, 279
coaching, 23, 61, 66, 68–72, 116, 293
Ashe as Davis Cup captain, 467–92, 495–500, 516–21, 531–34, 585, 645
Dr. Johnson and, 37–68
race and, 165
UCLA tennis, 74–75, 78, 88–91, 116, 123–24, 133, 158, 182
See also specific coaches
Coca-Cola, 155, 523
“Coddling Black Athletes” (Ashe), 556
Code of Conduct, 394, 477, 480, 484, 519–20, 531, 532
Coe, Sebastian, 496
Coetzee, Gerrie, 469
Coffey, Raymond, 575
Cohen, Richard, 25
Cold War, 114, 155
college tennis, 13, 22, 23–24, 35, 73–76, 343, 509, 555
blacks in, 23–24, 26, 73–76, 83–110, 111–38, 157–59
of 1940s, 26
Proposition 48, 496–97, 556
racism, 23–24, 26, 86–87, 90–95
scholarships, 61, 66, 73, 87, 88, 292, 497, 556
UCLA, 74–76, 83–110, 111–38, 157–59, 178, 182
UCLA-USC rivalry, 85, 98–99, 107, 108, 124–26, 134, 136, 138
See also specific colleges
Collins, Bud, 97, 148, 271, 273, 277, 285, 303, 310, 326, 330, 338, 369, 509, 529–30, 577, 624
Collins, Marion, 531
Collins, Dr. Mike, 450, 601
Cologne, Germany, 303
Colonial Invitational Tournament, Fort Worth, 146–47
colonialism, 2, 94, 112, 198, 273–75, 288–89, 338, 353
Colored Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA), 23–24, 37
Coloured South Africans, 359
Columbia University, 502, 613
Colwell, Robert, 298
Commercial Union Assurance, 351, 355, 385, 386
Commercial Union Grand Prix, of 1975, 390, 391–94
Compton, Ronald, 579
Concord Hotel, Kiamesha Lake, 194
Confederacy, 5, 6, 619, 622
Congo, 94
Congoleum, 523
Congress, U.S., 212, 268, 286, 296, 307, 358, 419, 442, 559
Congressional Black Caucus, 286, 423
Congressional Medal of Honor, 613
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 76, 95, 174
Connor, Bull, 118
Connors, Gloria, 380, 516
Connors, Jimmy, 293, 312, 336, 347–48, 352, 363, 366–67, 371–74, 388, 394, 395, 396, 405, 424, 426, 438, 440, 482, 508, 527, 528, 531, 695n37, 698n47
arrogance and bad behavior,
336, 354–55, 372, 377, 484, 485, 517–20
Ashe vs., 336–38, 360, 373, 379–86, 401–2, 439, 440–41, 694n11
Ashe’s chip-and-lob strategy against, 378–79, 381–82
Ashe’s dislike of, 354–55, 360, 383–84, 486, 517
as Ashe’s doubles partner, 406
Davis Cup and, 395–96, 471, 473–74, 475, 485, 497, 498, 510, 512, 516–19
Chris Evert and, 347, 352, 354, 374, 376, 380
1973 South African Open, 336–38
1974 accomplishments, 347–48, 352
1975 Wimbledon matches and loss to Ashe, 374–86, 387–90, 453
1976 WCT events and prize money, 402–3
1983 U.S. Open, 510
WTT contract, 348
WTT lawsuit, 351–52, 354, 355, 363, 372, 384–86
Conrad, John, 622
Continental grip, 72
“A Conversation with the President: Sports, Race and Achievement” (forum), 627–28
Cook, Reverend Wallace, 609
Cooke, Michael, 497
Copeland, Julie, 98
Copenhagen, 115, 303
Cordell Village, 563
Cornejo, Patricio, 219
Cosby, Bill, 231, 297, 397
Cosell, Howard, 317, 445
Cosmopolitan Club of Harlem, 24–26
1940 interracial exhibition match, 24–25
Coughlan, Bill, 188
Council of International Tennis Professionals, 461
Country Club of Virginia, 19, 20, 52
Court, Margaret, 281, 317, 318, 507
courts:
behavior and ethics, 43–44, 301, 372, 392–95, 404, 468, 472–87, 517–20, 531
cement, 119, 120, 197
clay, 31, 72, 80, 100, 101, 142, 185, 191–92, 197, 219, 247, 435, 490, 495
DecoTurf, 625
grass, 31, 32, 100, 101, 113, 115, 127, 129–30, 157, 201, 219, 221, 371, 379
Har-Tru surface, 387–88
indoor, 54, 67, 68
Sportface, 278
Supreme Court, 246
Uni-Turf, 245
See also specific courts, venues, and tournaments
Cox, Mark, 205, 304, 311, 369, 374
Craighill, Frank, 260, 261, 500, 501, 536, 681n3
Cramer, Pat, 391
Crealy, Dick, 266–67
Cronkite, Walter, 431
Crookenden, Ian, 134, 137
Crowe, Morrill, 162
Crusade for Voters, 62
Cuba, 322
refugees, 3, 592
Cullen, Bill, 181, 190, 200
Cullman, Joseph III, 169, 202, 253, 577, 674n11
Cunningham, E. J., 17, 415
Cunningham, Horace, 54–55, 59
Cunningham, James, 88, 310
Cunningham, Marie, 17, 145, 310–11, 415
Cunningham, Rudy, 88
Curren, Kevin, 528
Czechoslovakia, 126, 312
Davis Cup competition, 473–74
Daily Bruin, 108
Daley, Arthur, 226, 245
Dallas, 140–42, 173, 367, 369–70
Dallas Country Club, 173
Danzig, Al, 102, 108
Daraprim, 549, 550
Darden, Colgate, 35