Admiral Togo

by Jonathan Clements

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  Acknowledgements

  My wife, Kati Clements, has patiently lugged her camera across Japan, from Hakodate to Sendai to Yokosuka, in search of Tōgō relics. Lee Brimmicombe-Wood happily discussed old boilers and the logistics of ‘raising steam’, Frederik L Schodt pointed me at Henry Kiyama’s 1904 recollections of Tōgō-mania, Matt Thorn took the trouble to send me wartime propaganda about Tōgō from the magazine Housewife’s Friend, and Ellis Tinios dug up the Asan Sea episodes from Nisshin Sensō Emaki. The library of London’s School of Oriental and African Studies has faithfully preserved many rare first-hand accounts of the Russo-Japanese War. I am also grateful to all at Haus Publishing, particularly Barbara Schwepcke, who bought this book, and Stephen Chumbley, who kept maritime matters ship-shape. Any remaining mistakes, of course, are mine.

  Index

  NB All family relationships are to Tōgō Heihachiro unless otherwise stated.

  For individual ships, see under ‘ships’ (all ships are Imperial Japanese Navy unless otherwise stated).

  Abbreviations

  Br = British merchant ship; Ch = Chinese; Fr = French; HMS = His/Her Ma
jesty’s Ship; IJN = Imperial Japanese Navy; Jpn = Japanese merchant ship; RMS = Royal Mail Ship; Rus = Russian; US = American merchant ship; uss = United States Ship.

  A

  Akashi Motojirō

  Akatsuka Genroku

  Akihito, Crown Prince

  Albert, Duke of Edinburgh

  Alexeiev, Vice Admiral

  Yevgeny

  Anglo-Japanese Alliance, the

  Arai Ikunosuke

  Awa, Battle of (1868)

  B

  Baden-Powell, Robert

  Black Flags, the

  Borodaille, Miss

  Boshin War, the

  Boxer Rising, the

  Brunet, Jules

  C

  Capel, Reverend A D

  Carnegie, Andrew

  Chemulpo, Treaty of

  Collache, Eugène

  Courbet, Vice Admiral Amédé

  Coxinga

  D

  Dewa Shigeto, Rear Admiral

  Ding Ruchang, Admiral

  Sino-Japanese war, and

  suicide of

  Tōgō, and

  Doi Bansui

  Dole, Sanford

  Donald, William

  E

  Enomoto Takeaki

  F

  First World War, the

  Fortant, Arthur

  Fuji Saburō

  Fushimi Hiroyasu, Prince

  G

  Galsworthy, Captain Thomas

  George V, King

  Gojong, King

  H

  Hale, Chandler

  Hanabusa Yoshitomo

  Hanneken, Major Constantine

  von

  Hawaii

  and Tōgō’s visit

  Hayashi, Commander

  Henderson-Smith, Captain

  Higashi-Fushimi, Prince

  Hirose, Lieutenant

  Hirohito, Prince

  Hitomi Zengorō, Lieutenant

  Horimoto Reizō

  I

  Ijichi Hiroichi

  Imada Yasaka

  Itō Sukeyuki, Admiral

  J

  Joffre, Marshal Joseph

  K

  Ka’iulani, Princess Victoria

  Kabayama, Admiral

  Kagoshima, Bombardment of (1863)

  Kalakaua of Hawaii, King David

  Kamimura, Admiral

  Kataoka, Vice Admiral

  Kitchener, Lord

  Kiyama, Henry

  Kōga Kengo, Captain

  Korea

  Kuper, Vice Admiral Augustus

  Kuroki Tamesada

  L

  La Bataille (Danger Line) (film)

  Li Hongzhang

  Liluokalani, Queen

  Lin Taizeng

  Lin Zexu

  Liu Buchan

  Liu Yong-fu

  M

  Makarov, Vice Admiral Stepan

  Maria Alexandrovna, Grand

  Duchess

  Marlin, Jean

  Matsudaira of Aizu, Lord

  Matsunami, Mr

  Matthews, Tōgō

  McClure, John

  McGiffin, Philo

  Meiji Emperor

  Min, Queen

  Miyako Bay, Battle of (1869)

  N

  Nagamino, Captain

  Neale, Lieutenant-Colonel Edward

  Nebogatoff, Vice Admiral

  Nicholas II, Tsar

  Nicholls, Captain

  Nicol, Henri

  Nire Kagenori, Rear Admiral

  Nogi, General

  O

  Oda Kiyozo

  Ogasawara, Viscount

  Ōkubo Toshimichi

  P

  Pescadores Islands, the

  Port Arthur, blockade and siege of

  R

  Richardson, Charles Lennox

  Roosevelt, President Theodore

  Rosen, Roman

  Rozhestzensky, Admiral Zinovy

  Russo-Japanese War, the

  S

  Saigō Kichijirō

  Saigō Takamori

  Saigō Tsugumichi

  Satsuma Rebellion, the (1877)

  Seppings Wright, H C

  Seymour, Admiral Sir Edward

  Shen Baochen

  Shibata Daisuke

  Shimazu Hisamitsu

  Shinsengumi, the

  ships:

  Akagi

  Akatsuki

  Akitsushima

  Amagi

  Aquitania, rms

  Asama

  Australia, HMS

  Banryū (Republic of Ezo vessel)

  Bayan (Rus)

  Bilni (Rus)

  Borodino (Rus)

  Boston, uss

  Champion, HMS

  Chaoyong (Ch)

  Chiyoda

  Coëtlogon (Fr)

  Dingyuan (Ch)

  Dreadnought, HMS

  Euryalus, HMS

  Fusō

  Garnet, HMS

  General Sherman (US)

  Gromki (Rus)

  Guanyi (Ch)

  Hampshire (training vessel)

  Hashidate

  Hatsuse

  Havoc, HMS

  Heiun (Satsuma clan vessel)

  Hiei

  Iroquois, uss

  Itsukushima

  Jingei

  Kaiten (Tokugawa clan/Republic of Ezo vessel)

  Kaiyō (Tokugawa clan vessel)

  Kamchatka (Rus)

  Kamo Maru (Jpn)

  Kasagi

  Kasuga

  Kasuga (Satsuma clan vessel)

  Kongō

  Korietz (Rus)

  Koryo

  Kōtetsu

  Kowshing (Br)

  Laiyuan (Ch)

  Leander, HMS

  Lusitania, rms

  Matsushima

  Mikasa

  Miyako

  Naniwa

  Nisshin

  Novik (Rus)

  Orel (Rus)

  Oslyabya (Rus)

  Pallada (Rus)

  Petropavlovsk (Rus)

  Philadelphia, uss

  Pingyuan (Ch – later IJN)

  Pobieda (Rus)

  Qiyuan (Ch)

  Racehorse, HMS

  Retvizan (Rus)

  Russia (Rus)

  Ryūjō

  Saikyō

  Sevastopol (Rus)

  Severn, HMS

  Shikishima

  Shoho (Satsuma clan vessel)

  Strashini (Rus)

  Suvorov (Rus)

  Takachiho

  Takao (Republic of Ezo vessel)

  Takasago

  Tamba Maru (Jpn)

  Teibō II

  Tsetsarevich (Rus)

  Ushakov (Rus)

  Variag (Rus)

  Victory, HMS

  Worcester (nautical training ship)

  Yamato

  Yangwei (Ch)

  Yashima

  Yoshino

  Zhenyuan (Ch)

  Zhiyuan (Ch)

  Shiraishi, Lieutenant

  Sino-French War, the

  Sino-Japanese War, the

  Sonnenbrin, Lady

  Stark, Vice Admiral Oscar

  Stevens, John

  Stoessel, Major-General

  T

  Taft, President William Howard

  Taishō Emperor

  Taiwan

  Takarabe Takeshi, Admiral

  Tamplin, Lewes

  Tanaka Tsunatsune, Admiral

  Tang Jing-song

  Taniguchi Naomi

  Tianjin Accord, the

  Toba-Fushimi, Battle of (1868)

  Tōgō Heihachiro

  Admiral Ding, and

  Battle of the Yellow Sea, and

  birth

  character and appearance

  death

  early life

  education

  Hawaii, visit to

  marriage

  Mikasa, and

  Port Arthur, and

  Russo-Japanese war, and

  Sin
o-French war, and

  Sino-Japanese war, and

  Taiwan, and

  Tsushima, and

  tour of US and Britain, and

  Tōgō Hyo (son)

  Tōgō Kichizaemon (father)

  Tōgō Masuko (mother)

  Tōgō Minoru (son)

  Tōgō Mitsuru (son)

  Tōgō Sokuro (brother)

  Tōgō Tetsu (wife)

  Tōgō Yachiyo (daughter)

  Tokugawa Yoshinobu

  Tsushima, Battle of (1905)

  Tyler, William

  U

  Uryū, Vice Admiral

  V

  Vanderstegen, Ernest

  Violet, E E

  Vitgeft, Rear Admiral Wilhelm

  W

  Wirgman, Charles

  Wu, Lieutenant

  Y

  Yalu, Battle of the (1894)

  Yamashina, Prince

  Yamamoto Gonnohyōe,

  Admiral

  Yellow Sea, Battle of the (1904)

  Yokō, Sublieutenant

  Yoshihito, Crown Prince see Emperor Taishō

  Yuan Shikai