Erdogan Rising
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Istanbul Film Festival (2018) 313
Istanbul Pride 312
İstiklal suicide bombing, Istanbul (2016) 203
Iyi (Good) Party 345, 361
İzmir, Turkey 14, 80, 234–5, 238, 240, 266, 299, 349, 350, 351
‘İzmir March’ 14, 238, 350
Jaish al-Muhajireen 186
JAN (Jabhat al-Nusra) (the Support Front) xiii–xiv, 50, 51, 143
Jandarma Özel Harekat (JÖH) 329, 332
Jews 301–11
Johnson, Boris 282–8
Jordan 38–9, 111, 118, 161
Journalists’ and Writers’ Foundation (JWF) 82
Justice March, The (2017) 21–8, 236, 237
Kalın, Ibrahim xi, 210, 211, 220, 334, 335, 336
Kalyon Group 279, 293
Kaplan, Hilâl xi, 269, 270–2, 276–8, 279, 280, 296–7, 299, 307
Karakaş, Necat 258–9, 260
Karamollaoğlu, Temel 345, 351
Kaya, Göksel 233–9
Kaymaz, Ahmet 171–2, 189, 201
Kaymaz, Uğur 171–2, 189, 201
Kayseri, Turkey 63, 65, 80, 355–6
Kemalists 33, 34, 61, 76, 85, 90, 95, 101, 190, 201, 255, 265, 268, 270, 271, 303, 305, 307, 337, 340–1, 351
Kernick, Jack 324, 325
Kılıç, Erdem 256
Kılıç, Recep 253–7
Kılıç, Sadrettin 257
Kılıçdaroğlu, Kemal xii, xiii, 22, 25–7, 28, 236, 346
Klasfeld, Adam 95–6, 97, 99–100
Kobanî, Syria 175–6, 178, 181–5, 187, 189, 192, 193, 199, 202
Krausz, Wilhelm V. 340
Kula 930 (musical) 302–3
Kurdistan xiv, 12, 155, 170, 174, 188
Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) 188
Kurds xii, xiii, xiv, 12, 15, 34, 55–6, 90–1, 95, 123, 152–202, 234, 240, 242, 246, 251, 254, 256, 271, 274, 298, 312, 335, 345, 346, 347, 351, 361; Atatürk and 34, 157, 163–7, 169–70; civilians suffers atrocities at hands of Turkish security forces 171–2, 189, 201; ceasefire with Turkish government collapses (2015) xvi, 153–4, 194, 203, 274, 347, 357; character of 156–7; crackdown on after ceasefire collapses/re-eruption of war with Turkish government 8, 12, 15, 152–5, 189–202, 328–9; Diyarbakır, bomb explodes at rally in (2015) 189; Erdoğan and see Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip; Gezi Park protests and 190, 208; Gülen/Gülenists and 90–1, 173; HDP and xiii, 191, 196, 200, 312, 345–6, 351; Kirkuk and 188; Kobanî Isis offensive and (2014) 175–88, 189, 192, 193, 199, 202; language 157, 163–7, 201, 202; LGBT community and 312; map of Kurdish region of Turkey, Iraq and Syria 151; media outlets closed 95, 231; migrants crisis/refugees and 123, 143, 179–81; Newroz (spring equinox) 167–8, 173–4, 176, 177; Operation Euphrates Shield (2016) and 330–1, 332; Operation Olive Branch (Afrin, Syria) (2018) 298, 332–6, 339, 344, 345; peace process/ceasefire with Turkish government xvi, 90–1, 167, 170–4, 176, 177, 184, 187, 189, 190, 194, 203, 268, 272, 274, 328, 347, 361; Peshmerga 188; PKK and see PKK; PÖH and 328–9; revolt against new Turkish republic (1925) 156, 169–70; size of population 156; Syrian Civil War and 175–88, 189, 192, 193, 199, 202, 330–1, 332–6, 339, 344, 345; yazidis and 175, 176, 178–80, 193; YPG and see YPG
Kurmanji (Kurdish dialect) 163
Kuwait 47, 49, 360
Kuzulu, Ağca 225, 226, 242, 243
Kuzulu, şarap 223, 226, 240
Kvergic, Dr Hermann 159, 161
Ladino 302–4, 305
Laith, Abu 120–1, 122–3, 124, 131, 134, 142, 147
Lausanne, Treaty of (1923) 24
Lawrence, T. E.: Seven Pillars of Wisdom xvii
Lebanon 38, 39, 41, 42, 118
LGBT community 311–14
Libya 39, 42, 68, 104, 105, 107, 111, 113, 208, 329
Limak Holdings 293
Liwa al-Tawhid (Islamist militia) 45–6, 47, 49–51
Loğoğlu, Faruk 88, 102–3, 106, 334–5, 336
Lohan, Lindsay 295–7
Mahçupyan, Etyen 275
Mahjin, Abu 110, 111
Maltepe parade ground, Istanbul 26–7, 28, 236
Manzikert, Battle of (modern Malazgirt) (1071) 337
maps ix, xix, 37, 119, 151, 244, 322
Mardin, Turkey 153, 155, 191
Marea, Hajji 45–6, 50, 51
Marmara University 338
Mavi Marmara 309–10
May, Theresa 287, 288–9
Medipol 272
Mehmet II, sultan (Fatih Sultan Mehmet or Mehmet the Conqueror) 301
Mehmet V, sultan 23
Mehmet VI, sultan 24, 224
Menderes, Adnan 228, 229, 230–1, 233, 364
Merkel, Angela 138–9, 296, 347, 357–8
Mersin, Turkey 120–3, 124, 131, 134, 135, 136, 147
MHP (Nationalist Movement Party) 191, 250, 274, 361
migration: Brexit campaign and possibility of visa-free travel for Turks within EU 283–4, 286–7; EU-Turkey refugee deal (2016) xvi, 82, 141–6, 195, 281, 283, 286, 357, 360; European migrant crisis (2015–16) xvi, 5, 8–9, 35, 82, 117–18, 120–3, 124, 130–46, 147, 176, 178, 185, 225, 281, 283, 286–7, 295–8, 312–13, 357, 360; Istanbul, migration from Anatolian villages to 247–8, 253, 255, 256; people-smuggling business and 4, 119, 120–3, 131–41, 142, 143, 144, 147, 176, 178, 185; Syrian refugees in Turkey see refugees; Turkish border policy and, changing 145–6, 185; Turkish diaspora 70–2, 83, 320
Millet Eğilmez, Türkiye Yenilmez (The Nation Does Not Bend, Turkey Is Invincible) (film) 209
Mott McDonald 292
Mr Gay Syria (film) 313
MSP (Milli Selâmet Partisi) (The National Salvation Party) xi, xiv, 59–61
Mubarak, Hosni 39, 47–8, 105, 107
Mukasey, Michael 96, 98
Muslim Brotherhood 22, 47–9, 59, 89, 103, 105, 106, 107, 115, 186, 251–2, 310; Egyptian 22, 115, 251–2; Rabia hand (four-fingered salute) 22, 59, 251–2; Syrian 186
Muslim, Salih 176, 187
Mustafa (documentary) 232
Mutlu, Rize Güneysulu Kemal (Erdoğan’s great-grandfather) 338
Nakşibendis 229
NATO 4, 39, 60, 82, 89, 101, 113, 114, 166, 326, 327, 332
Nizip refugee camp, Turkey 295–7
Obama, Barack/Obama administration 89, 98, 112–14, 115
Öcalan, Abdullah xii, xiv, 12–13, 56, 154, 156, 165–71, 172, 173, 177, 179, 182, 184, 190
Öden, Aysel 196, 197, 198
Öden, Necati 196–7, 198–9
Official Gazette 218, 219, 227, 327, 361
Öğüt, Soheyb 270, 276, 279, 280
Olçok, Abdullah 2, 63
Olçok, Cevat 63, 64, 65–6, 67, 68, 69
Olçok, Erol xi, 1, 2, 63–4, 68, 69, 209, 348
Olive Branch, Operation (Afrin, Syria) (2018) 298, 332–6, 339, 344, 345
Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) 67–8, 231, 360
Ottoman Empire 5, 10, 12, 18, 19, 23–4, 25, 29, 33, 45, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 73, 78, 102, 114, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 169, 209, 210, 224, 225, 228, 232, 236, 240, 242, 246, 252, 254, 264, 266, 267, 284, 285, 301, 303, 304, 305, 307, 326, 335, 337, 340, 350, 360, 363
Outline of Turkish History 157–8
Özal, Turgut 64, 85, 231
Özdalga, Haluk 87, 93, 107, 187, 190
Özyürek, Esra 340–1; Nostalgia for the Modern 341
Palestine 107, 112, 168, 208, 307–12
Paşa, General Enver 340
Payitaht (TV series) 335
Pelikan Dosyası (The Pelican Brief) 276, 280–1
people-smuggling 4, 119, 120–3, 131–41, 142, 143, 144, 147, 176, 178, 185; refugee smuggling route from Turkey to Europe 119
Peres, Shimon 308, 310
Perinçek, Doğu 346
Peshmerga 188
PKK (Partiye Karkerên Kurdistanê) (Kurdistan Workers’ Party) xii, xiv, xvi, 12–13, 27, 56, 95, 190, 192, 234, 218, 254, 266, 337; BDP and 179, 193; ceasefire with Turkish government collapses (2015) xvi, 153–4, 194, 203, 274, 347,
357; Cizre (2016) and 152–5, 191, 193, 196, 199; Dolmabahçe agreement to permanently end war with 276; founded 156, 165–6; Gülen/Gülenists and 90–1, 173; MHP and 191; HDP and 191; Kobanî (2014) and 185; Öcalan and see Öcalan, Abdullah; peace process/ceasefire xvi, 90–1, 167–74, 176, 177, 184, 187, 189, 190, 194, 203, 268, 272, 274, 328, 347, 361; publicity machine 178–9; PYD and 187, 298; re-eruption of war with Turkish government 152–5, 184–202, 254, 288, 328, 330–5, 357; şanlıurfa police murders (2015) and 189; Syrian Civil War and 156–7, 168, 176, 177–8, 179, 181, 184–5, 187, 189, 335; Turkish academics sign petition calling on the government to end the fighting with (2016) 272; war with Turkish state, origins of 165–7; women and 177–8; Yazidis and 180–1; YPG and see YPG
Polis Özel Harekat (PÖH, or special operations police) 328–9, 332
press/media: closure/takeovers of opposition 93–5; coup (2016) and 204, 205, 206, 213; Erdoğan’s attitude towards foreign journalists 62; Erdoğan followers attitude towards 21, 260, 264, 279, 295, 348; Gülenists and 82, 89–90; internet censorship 30–1, 104, 231, 331; Kurdish regions and 172, 194, 201; pro-Erdoğan xi, 2, 28, 53, 73, 150, 217, 250, 268–72, 276–8, 279–80, 296–7, 299, 307, 346, 347, 349–50, 352, 354; suppression/jailing of opposition journalists 6, 7, 8, 34–5, 72, 90, 94–5, 97, 204, 207, 230, 232, 260–3, 276, 361; Syrian Civil War and 39, 43, 47, 50, 110, 125, 126, 128, 129, 146, 147, 185, 186, 334, 362
public-private partnerships (PPP) sector, Turkish 290–2, 356
Putin, Vladimir 4, 5, 6, 318
PYD (political wing of YPG) 187, 298
Qatar xiii, 107, 111, 186, 284, 360
Rabia hand (Muslim Brotherhood’s four-fingered salute) 22, 59, 251–2
Raminov, Ilham 317–18
refugees xvi, 3, 8, 15, 35, 43, 117–18, 124, 130–46, 150, 175, 184, 203, 281, 286, 295–8, 312–13, 334; EU-Turkey refugee deal (2016) xvi, 82, 141–6, 195, 281, 283, 286, 357, 360; European refugee crisis (2015–16) xvi, 3, 5, 8–9, 35, 82, 117–18, 120–3, 124, 130–46, 147, 176, 178, 185, 225, 281, 283, 286–7, 295–8, 312–13, 357, 360; people-smuggling business in and 4, 119, 120–3, 131–41, 142, 143, 144, 147, 176, 178, 185; route from Turkey to Europe 119; in Turkey 3–4, 10–11, 15, 34, 35, 43, 52, 53, 114, 115–16, 117–18, 120–50, 154, 162, 175, 179, 180–1, 184, 185, 189, 195, 203, 212–13, 225, 241, 250, 251, 252, 272, 281, 283, 286, 295–8, 312–13, 315, 320, 334, 355, 357, 358, 360; Turkish border policy, change in 145–6, 185
Reis (film) 228, 247–8
Reyhanlı, Turkey 10, 11, 113
Rize, Turkey 171, 200, 247, 251, 313–14
Ross, Sir Denison 161
RP (Refah Partisi) (Welfare Party) xiv, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64–5, 66, 67, 76, 80–1, 171, 255–6, 275
Russia 111, 297, 315–16, 317, 318, 327, 333, 338, 358 see also Soviet Union
Saadet Partisi (Felicity Party) 65, 345
Sabah 28, 73, 94, 217, 269–73, 277, 278, 279–80, 299, 307
SADAT (defence and consultancy firm) 329–30
Said, Sheikh 156, 169, 202
şanlıurfa, Turkey 136, 137, 138–9, 189
Saracoğlu, şükrü 306
şarhon, Karen 302, 303–4, 310, 311
Sarıbaş, Süleyman 85–6
Saudi Arabia xiii, 53, 107, 208, 329
Scaparrotti, General Curtis Michael 327
Schmidt, Erich Frederich 160
SDP (Social Democrat Party), German 70, 71
Seçgin, Ufuk 70–5, 77
Second World War (1939–45) 305, 317
Sêvres, Treaty of (1920) 24, 240–1
Shia Islam 41, 48, 53, 106, 143, 157
Silivri prison, Istanbul 211–12, 215, 346
Silopi, Turkey 178–9, 181, 193, 196–9
social media 2, 31, 39, 50, 124, 150, 189, 196, 198, 204, 205, 206, 210, 215, 219, 268, 269, 272, 276, 282–3, 295, 296, 297, 331, 349, 352
Söğütlüğil, Selin 245–7
Soviet Union 3, 52, 84, 166, 314, 316–18
Stalin, Joseph 314, 316, 317, 318
Sun Language Theory 159–60, 161, 164–5
Sunni Islam 41, 48, 88, 103, 104, 106, 148, 164–5, 307
Surp Giragos 56
Sweden 124, 139, 142
Syria xiii, xiv, 5, 6, 8, 9–10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 24, 35, 38–52, 162–3, 307, 312, 347, 355, 36; activists 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 46, 85, 125–9, 149–50; Aleppo see Aleppo; Assad family and see individual family member name; barrel bombs, use of 45, 130; border region with Turkey, map of 37; charity stunts of armed groups 46–7; chemical weapons used against civilians 113, 115; Damascus Spring 104; Erdoğan and see Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip; extremists turn on the activists 129; Free Syria (2013) 43–6; FSA and see FSA; Isis and see Isis; Islamist militias growth in 45–51, 108–12, 125–9 see also individual group name; Kurds and see Kurds; Menagh military air base 186–7; military service in 146–50; Muslim Brotherhood in 47–9; Operation Euphrates Shield (2016) 330–1, 332; Operation Olive Branch (Turkish Afrin operation) (2018) 298, 332–5, 336, 339, 344, 345; origins of uprising xv, 38–43, 106–9, 146–50; passport forgery in 138–40, 145; PKK see PKK; Putin/Russia and 5, 111, 318, 332; refugees from see refugees; support from Turkey for rebel groups in 185–7; Turkish army areas of conflict in northern Syria, map of 322; United States and see United States; West changes course over 116–18; YPG and see YPG
Syrian National Coalition (SNC) 186, 187
Taksim Square, Istanbul 2, 53, 114, 115, 190, 206, 207, 208–9, 212, 246, 250, 255, 268–9, 312, 328, 337, 342, 347
Tanrıkulu, şeymus 201–2
Tanrıverdi, General Adnan 329, 330
Tayalı, İlker 237, 238, 239
Tezcan, Bülent 352, 353
Ticanis 228, 229, 230
Times, The 10, 15, 27–8, 83, 155, 161, 252–3, 324, 325
TOKI (Turkish state housing company) 318–19
Topbaş, Kadir 190, 284
TRT World 212, 250, 297, 349
Trump, Donald 5, 96, 98, 332
Tunisia 39, 48, 68, 105, 107, 111
Turgutreis, Turkey 132–4, 141
Turkey: alphabet 25, 30, 158, 230, 241, 305; Arabic call to prayer, reintroduction of the 228; army see Turkish Army; birth of Turkish Republic (1923) xv, 157, 252, 254, 304, 340; Britain and see Britain; caliphs see individual caliph name; caliphate abolished 24; constitution xvi, 6, 11, 14, 25, 27, 79, 86, 164, 202, 219, 224, 229, 231, 242–3, 245–7, 250, 260, 261, 263–6, 271, 299, 305, 335, 336, 342, 345, 353; constitutional referendum (2017) xvi, 6, 11, 12, 14, 27, 54, 224, 234, 236, 242–3, 245–7, 250, 260, 261, 263–6, 336, 345, 352, 353; coup (1960) xv, 230–1; coup (1971) xv, 59; coup (1980) xiv, xv, 33, 34, 60, 64, 165, 255, 328; coup (1997) xiv, xv, 76, 80–1; coup (2016) xii, xvi, 1–3, 6, 8, 13, 15, 16, 17–21, 27, 28, 34–5, 55, 63, 72, 73, 74, 90, 95, 150, 200, 203–21, 224, 236, 238, 259, 262, 287, 288, 295, 298, 312, 313, 325–6, 327, 328, 330, 331, 333, 334, 337, 339, 344, 347–8, 351, 354, 357, 359–60, 361–2, 363; diaspora 12, 70–2, 75, 190, 320; economy xi, 4, 5, 7, 64, 67, 69, 72, 76–7, 97, 98, 99, 103, 134–5, 140, 170, 257, 259, 260, 264, 288–95, 299, 300–1, 306, 336, 344; Erdoğan and see Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip; elections, first democratic (1950) xv, 227–8; elections, parliamentary (2002) xv, 52, 67–8, 71, 76, 78, 85, 86, 87, 88, 102, 171, 200, 228, 274; elections, parliamentary (June 2015) 53, 191, 196, 273–4, 276, 279, 286, 312; elections, parliamentary (November 2015) 31, 53, 94, 191, 274, 277; elections, parliamentary (2018) 336, 342, 343–62; elections, presidential (2007) 86–7, 271; elections, presidential (2014) 11, 53, 54, 69, 307, 347, 353; elections, presidential (2018) 8, 15, 336, 342, 343–62; European Union and see European Union; fez, banning of 33; First World War (1914–18) and 23–4, 29, 160, 183, 230, 333, 338, 339, 340, 341; G20 member 3, 69; genetic heritage of Turks/Turkish bloodline 161–3; Gezi Park protests (2013) see Gezi Park protests (2013); Gülenists and see Gülen/Gülenists; halal travellers/tourism in 72–9, 93, 258, 287; Hat Revolution 33, 241; headscarf ban in universities and public sector 33, 270–1; history, Atatürk an
d narrative of 157–61; human rights in 6, 65, 82, 111, 146, 211, 219–20, 227, 287, 289, 295, 357; internet in see internet; Islam/Islamists and xii, xiii, xiv, xv, 8, 9, 13, 19, 52, 53, 59–61, 62, 63, 64–5, 72–85, 86, 88, 91, 101, 103, 105, 106, 107, 156, 157, 158, 164, 190, 201, 208, 220, 224, 228–9, 255, 258, 266, 268, 269, 270, 275, 298, 307, 310, 311, 312–13, 316, 317, 319, 324, 329, 330, 340, 345; İzmir earthquake (1999) 256, 257; Jews in 301–11; Justice March, The 21–8; Kemalists 33, 34, 61, 76, 85, 90, 95, 101, 190, 201, 255, 265, 268, 270, 271, 303, 305, 307, 337, 340–1, 351; language/languages in 25, 30, 158–67, 169, 171, 172, 200–2, 228, 230, 241, 301–5, 320, 337, 350; Law 5816 227–33; liberals and 14, 20, 34, 70, 85–90, 196, 232, 252, 265, 268, 270, 271, 274, 275, 295, 335, 355; lira 259, 292, 299; literacy rates 164; maps of xix, 37, 119, 151, 244, 322; Muslim middle class, the new 72–9; nationalists xiii, 59, 84, 158, 162, 165, 170–1, 173, 184, 185, 191, 200, 201, 208, 250, 274, 295, 309, 327–8, 332, 334, 336, 345, 346, 361, 363; personality cults, 3–4, 12–14, 15, 22, 29–34, 36, 52, 53, 56, 168, 209–10, 222–43, 323–5, 339–42, 350, 364–5; press freedom see press/media; public-private partnerships (PPP) sector 290–2, 356; refugee crisis and see refugees; religious minorities 157, 164, 242, 271, 301–11; seventy-fifth anniversary of Turkish Republic (1998) 340; sultanate dissolved 24; Syrian War and see Syria; terror attacks in 8, 15, 73, 189, 203–4, 259, 328; tourism 7, 52, 72–9, 107, 120, 132, 239, 203, 249, 252, 259; Treaty of Lausanne (1923) recognises as a sovereign state 24; Turkish citizens living abroad given right to cast their votes in Turkish embassies 320; United States and see United States; Victory Day 236–8; war of independence (1919–23) 24, 226, 232, 234, 236–8, 243, 307, 316, 325, 334 see also individual place and area name
Turkish Army 60, 66, 259, 364; AKP and 85, 86–7; Atatürk and 23, 32, 33–4, 234, 241, 324 coup (1960) xv, 230–1; coup (1971) xv, 59; coup (1980) xiv, xv, 33, 34, 60, 64, 165, 255, 328; coup (1997) xiv, xv, 76, 80–1; coup (2016) xvi, 1–3, 204–15, 325–31, 359–60, 361; Erdoğan and see Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip; Gülenists and 89, 90, 101; Israel and 309; Kurds and 152–5, 165, 167, 172, 183, 256, 331–9; map of areas of conflict in northern Syria 322; purge of, post-coup (2016) 211–15, 325–31, 359–60, 361; size of 4; Syrian Civil War and 331–9; threaten coup over nomination of Gül as president (2007) 86–7