Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 1941-1942
Page 80
in 1942, 2–3
North, 268, 278, 283, 370, 379, 381, 405
South, 186, 187, 247, 256, 264, 268, 276, 299, 306, 308, 314–15, 318, 328, 384, 386, 387, 392, 490
western, xxxiv, xxxv
Pacific Slope, xxxii
Pacific War, 92, 101, 171, 174, 181, 192, 195, 275, 490–91
Admiral King as advocate for, 162, 182–87
in Allied global strategy, 182, 317
Allied planes lost in, 51–52
counteroffensive in, 181
future admirals of, xxxiii
“hold and build” policy in, 184
Japanese surprise offensive as beginning of, 35–36
losses in, 138
Midway’s importance to, 411
pilot shortage in, 204
production and allocation issues for, 172, 184–85, 187, 243
shipping bottleneck in, 267
Spruance highly regarded by historians of, 395
U.S. command in, 266–67
U.S. fuel reserves in, 31
U.S. planning for, xxxiv
U.S. seen as tied to, 59
as war of attrition, 479, 486
Yamamoto’s grim view of, 67
Pago Pago, 205
Palau, 48, 490
Palembang, 254
Palm Inn, 33
Palmyra Island, 323, 385
Panama, xxi, xxxi, 182
Panama Canal, xxi, xxxi, xxxii, xxxiii, xxxiv, 103, 184, 187, 311
Pan-American China Clipper Service (Pan-Am), on Wake Island, 140–42
Panay, USS, 112, 114
Paris, 156
Parliament, British, xviii, 198, 263
Parshall, Jon, 378, 380, 455
Patton, George S., 201
PB2Y-2 Coronado flying boat, 139
PBY Catalina seaplane, 18, 22, 236, 238, 335, 408, 410, 419, 425, 464
Peace Preservation Law of 1925, 81
Peacock Point, 142, 144, 145
Peale Island, 139–41, 146
Pearl City, 33
Pearl Harbor, 7–33, 11, 51, 52–53, 54, 105, 133, 140, 143, 149, 152, 153, 154, 169, 170, 194, 200, 207, 227, 228, 230, 232, 235, 277, 278, 283, 285, 286, 294, 310, 319, 329, 337, 373, 379, 385, 387, 390, 392–93, 404, 406, 414, 460, 467, 470, 475, 487, 488
Administration Building at, 391
antiaircraft guns at, 8, 31–33, 36–37, 401
Pearl Harbor (continued)
B-25s ferried to, 282–83
Bachelor Officers Quarters (BOQ) of, 17
“Battleship Row” at, 9–10, 16, 41, 45, 135, 157, 271
blackout conditions at, 30
bodies at, 38
burn cases at, 37
Churchill’s view of, 24–25
codebreaking unit at, see Station Hypo
code for, 308
concerns about future attacks on, 312, 317, 386
course of war changed by, 59–62
Dispensary at, 17
Drydock No. 1 at, 396–97
East Loch of, xxxvi, 16, 22, 30, 39, 157, 393
false reports of post-Midway attack on, 483
FDR on, 35–36
Hitler’s response to, 59–61
Hospital Point at, 20, 22, 42, 401
Japanese invasion expected at, 22–23
Japanese response to, 63–66, 270
Lexington group in, 151
Lexington in dry dock at, 323–25
losses at, 30, 44–45
MacArthur’s response to, 48–49
Marine Barracks at, 17, 19–20, 31
Naval Hospital at, 36–37
Navy criticized for, 45, 47–48, 127
Navy Yard at, 17, 19, 22, 31, 36, 41, 227, 302, 309, 325, 383
Nimitz’s journey to, 130, 133–34, 138–39, 150, 152, 157
oil spilled at, 16–17, 19, 22, 38–39, 40, 157
radio announcements of attack on, 23–24
revenge for, 208, 473–74
submarines at, 159, 238, 280
surprise of attack on, 7–9
Ten-Ten Dock at, 17, 40, 302
torpedoes for attack on, 118–19
as turning point, 59, 61–62
in wake of attacks, 30–33, 36–42, 126–28, 129, 134–35, 195, 233, 304–5, 312, 387, 489
Yamamoto’s attack plan against, 65–67, 118–19, 122, 279, 281, 383
see also Ford Island; Hickam Field
Pecos, 262
Pederson, Oscar, 442
Peking, 91, 111
Penang, 247
Pennsylvania, USS, 32–33, 170
Pensacola, Fla., 202
Percival, Arthur E., 245, 250–52
Perkins, Frances, 28–29
Perry, Glen, 27, 126, 129
Perry, Matthew C., xxvii, 84
Persian Gulf, 265
Perth, 256, 260–62
Petrie, Lester, 8
Phelps, USS, 367
Philadelphia Inquirer, 26
Philippines, xxi, xxxii, xxxiv, xxxv, 30, 140, 181–82, 190, 267–68, 269, 296, 308
ABDACOM in, 190
Japanese attack on, 36, 48, 50, 51, 52–53, 58, 64, 117, 141, 156, 182, 185, 234–35, 237–44, 247, 253
MacArthur’s base in, 48–49, 228, 237
radio intercept station on, 309
Phillips, Tom, 53
Placentia Bay, Newfoundland, 57, 66, 169, 173
Platte, USS, 206
Poindexter, Joseph B., 14, 147
Point LUCK, 390, 402
Point Option, 421, 435, 436
Polaris (North Star), 328
Pollard, Joseph, 450
pollywogs, 326–27
Pope, USS, 260
Portal, Sir Charles, 179, 189, 193
Port Arthur, xviii, xxvi
Portland, Ore., 298
Portland, USS, 450
Port Moresby, 276, 277, 281, 301
Japanese offensive against, 314–16, 318–22, 321, 333, 338, 374, 385, 392
Japanese withdrawal of forces from assault on, 370–71, 377
Port Moresby Invasion Force, 320, 333, 338, 341, 344, 346
Covering Group of, 341
Portsmouth, N.H., xxviii
Portugal, 235
Potomac River, 172
Pound, Sir Dudley, 56, 179, 191, 193, 249, 374
Powers, John J., 353
Pratt & Whitney radial engines, 420
press conferences:
FDR and Churchill in, 175–76
after Pearl Harbor attack, 27
prime minister, Japanese, 87
Prince of Wales, HMS, 53, 55–57, 56, 66, 172
Princeton University, 113
Protestants, xiv
PT boats, 53, 243
Puget Sound, 200, 309, 489
Putnam, Paul A., 146
Pu-yi, Emperor, 85
Pye, William S.:
as caretaker CINCPAC, 152–53, 157–58
Wake Island abandoned by, 153–56
Qing Dynasty, 85
Queensland, Australia, 318
Quezon, Manuel, 239, 242–44
Quynn, Allen, 32
Rabaul, 71, 202, 229, 278, 335, 339
Japanese invasion of, 229, 306, 319
as Japanese staging base, 229, 277, 315, 319–20, 333, 338, 344
racism:
of Hitler, 115
in Japan, 78, 112, 486
against Japanese, xxix–xxxii, 77, 149
radar, 55, 205, 220, 323–24, 347, 356, 409, 442
Radike, Floyd W., 247
radio, xiii–xiv, 205, 257, 321, 335, 337, 373, 420, 423, 446
deception suspected of Japanese, 317, 386–87
early naval use of, 307
radio D/F stations, 310
radio intelligence sector, 309–12
radio intercepts, 306, 308, 337, 388, 391, 420, 479, 481
radio intercept stations, 309–10, 383, 384
Radio Tokyo, 255, 296–97
railways, in warfare, xxiv
Raleigh, USS,
18
Rangoon, 264
Raring, G. L., 339
Rash, Elmo, 19
Rawie, Wilmer, 217–19
Ray, Clarence C., 468
Rayburn, Sam, 35
reciprocating engines, xiii
reconnaissance:
air, 202, 205, 236, 316, 350, 384, 390
Japanese, 392, 406, 412, 478, 485
Midway-based, 380
submarine, 202
Red Cross:
Japanese, xxvi
nurses from, 18
Redman, John R., 310–12, 316, 386, 481–82
Redman, Joseph R., 310–12, 316, 481–82
Reeves, Joseph M., 156
refueling, 255, 261, 329, 333, 339, 405–6, 411, 462
Reichstag, 60
Reilly, Mike, 178
Republican Party, 45
in FDR cabinet, 126
Repulse, HMS, 53–55, 56, 57, 66, 172
Rhode Island, 133
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 115
Richardson, Bernard, 143
Richardson, James O., 130
Richardson, Robert C., 389
Rikken Seiyukai Party, 87
Ring, Stanhope C., 421, 423, 437, 465
Rochefort, Joseph, 302–16, 337, 383–92, 479–82
Rocky Mountains, 44, 134
Rohatsu, 63
Roi, 140, 141, 230
carrier attack on, 211–13
Rome, ancient, 81–82
Rommel, Erwin, 182, 265
Ronin, 88
Rooks, Captain, 262
Roosevelt, Eleanor, xxxvi, 176, 197, 487
on Churchill, 173, 178
on declaration of war, 35
on Pearl Harbor attack, 14–16
Roosevelt, Elliott, 178
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 180, 244, 298, 300
administration of, xxx, 116, 137
Admiral King’s relationship with, 162, 166, 168, 184
as aristocrat, 46, 60
Churchill’s first meeting with, 57, 66, 169, 173
Churchill’s relationship with, 178–79, 193, 196, 266
and Churchill’s Washington visit, 171–79
cocktail hour of, 177–78
common touch of, 46
criticisms of, 488
“day that will live in infamy” speech of, 35–36
declaration of war against Japan by, 34–36, 62
on defense of Bataan, 242–43
disability of, 34–35
division of Pacific Command suggested by, 266–67
Europe-first strategy and, 59, 479
fireside chats of, 45–47
on Japanese conduct in China, 112
naval knowledge and support of, xxxvi, 28–30, 168, 489
Nimitz appointed by, 127, 139
1942 State of the Union address of, 194
Oval Study of, 12–14
Pearl Harbor press conference of, 27
on Philippine relief, 185
policy of supplying Allies by, 61
reports of Pearl Harbor airstrikes and, 14–16, 24, 26–27
Republican cabinet members of, 126
as assistant secretary of the navy, xxxvi, 29
strike at Japan requested by, 283
on unified command, 190, 192–93
on Wake Island, 151
Roosevelt, James, 30, 35–36
Roosevelt, Theodore, 103, 126, 161
as assistant secretary of the navy, xx
on Japan, xxvi–xxvii, xxxi–xxxii, xxxv, xxxvi
Mahan’s influence on, xix–xx
on military education, xv
naval buildup and reform promoted by, xix–xxiv, xxxi, 28
naval goodwill tour promoted by, xxxii–xxxiii, xxxiv
on naval preparedness, xxxv
presidency of, xx
Treaty of Portsmouth and, xviii
Root, Elihu, xx, xxx
Rosenman, Sam, 45, 47, 178–79
Roy, William G., 368, 452, 469
Royal Air Force, British (RAF), 189
disarray of, 53
European focus of, 245
Force Z attack and, 56
in Malaya, 49–50, 245, 248
Royal Hawaiian Hotel, 398, 475
Royal Navy, British, xix, xxi, xxiv, 67, 103, 265
battleship tonnage in, 83
Force Z of, 53–57, 56, 66, 172
losses to, 265
Mahan’s influence on, xviii
officers of, xxiii
shift from battleships to aircraft carriers by, 57–58
Task Force 44 in, 328
Rozhestvensky, Zinovy, xxiv, xxxiv, 118
Russell, Charles, 12
Russell, USS, 330
Russian Revolution, xxviii
see also Soviet Union
Russo-Japanese War, xxi, xxiv–xxix, 78, 82, 85, 274
Ryan, Joseph, 23, 31
Ryan, Peggy Hughes, 149
Ryan, William, 43–44
Ryujo, 48, 260–61, 406
Ryukyu Islands, 82
sabotage, Japanese-Americans accused of, 149
Safford, Laurence, 310
Saigon, 54
St. Charles Hotel, 131
St. Fernando, 240
St. Louis, USS, 9
St. Petersburg, xxviii
Saionji, Prince, 79, 117
Saipan, 384, 388, 404, 490
Sakai, Saburo, 51, 96–98, 299
Sakhalin Island, xviii, 274
Salamaua, 230, 264, 277, 278, 320
Salt Lake City, USS, 205, 208, 216, 224, 285–86, 288, 296, 298, 393
Samoa, 182, 184, 202, 203, 205, 277, 301, 319
sampans, 288–89
samurai, xix, xxv, xxvii–xxviii, 68, 86, 88, 275, 477, 486
San Diego, Calif., 139, 157, 182, 202, 489
San Francisco, Calif., xxi, xxxi, xxxii, 182, 317, 489
air raid scares in, 43–44
discrimination against Japanese immigrants in, xxix–xxxi
earthquake in, xxix–xxx
San Francisco Bay, 103, 281–82, 285
San Francisco Chronicle, xxix–xxx
San Francisco Examiner, xxix
Santa Barbara, Calif., 265
Santa Fé Railway, 134
Saratoga, USS, 92, 150, 202, 323, 344, 376
Bombing Three (VB-3) of, 398
Task Force 14 and, 150, 151, 153, 155–56
torpedoing of, 200, 222
Sarawak, 234
Sasaki, air officer, 475
Sasebo Harbor, 72, 103
Sato, Hideo, 95, 108
Sawamoto, Yorio, 116, 120
SB2U Vindicator scout bomber, 415
Schmitz, Carl, 33
school segregation, of Asians, xxix–xxxi
Schulze, Curtis, 33
Sealion, USS, 53
Sea of Japan, 68
seaplanes, 150, 234
anti-submarine, 405
seaplanes (continued)
destroyed, 40
Japanese, 222
reconnaissance, 165, 320
seaplane tenders, 406
seapower, Japanese, 83
Sears, Roebuck, 195
Secret Service, 26, 34, 178
Sehe, Charles, 20
Seligman, Mort, 326, 335–36, 363–64, 366, 481n
Senate, U.S., 35, 44
declaration of war against Japan in, 36
Seton, A. L., 9
Shanghai, 111
Shattered Sword (Parshall and Tully), 378
shellbacks, 325–26
Sherman, Frederick C., 325, 334–35, 337, 348, 351, 357–63, 374
and evacuation of Lexington, 364–67
Sherwood, Robert, 36, 45, 62, 175, 192–93, 194, 487
Shibata, Masashi, 465
Shimada, Koichi, 269
Shimada, Shigetaro, 120–21
Shimazaki, Shigekazu, 358
Shimoyama, Kaname, 416, 433
Shinto, 79, 80, 270, 487
shipbuilding:
by Japan, 84
by Western powers, 83
ship design, xiii
Shock, Thomas M., 217, 219
shogi, 73, 272, 461
Shoho, 320, 330, 341–43, 346, 370, 374, 377, 426
Shokaku, 231, 320, 322, 333, 343, 344, 347, 350, 353–54, 371, 374–75, 378, 426, 485
shoribyo (“victory disease”), 271, 380
Short, Walter, 127, 147, 353, 370
Showa era, 81
Showa Restoration, 87, 90
Showa Tenno, see Hirohito, Emperor
Shumway, Dewitt W., 454
shutais, 100, 448–50
Siam, 234
Siam Sea, 234
Siberia, 296
speculation of Japanese attack on, 186, 266
Signal Corps, 300
Sims, USS, 344–45, 347, 374
Singapore, 25, 49, 176, 182
British cryptanalytic team of, 310
British naval base at, 234
Force Z sent to, 53, 66
Japanese air raids on, 245–46
landward defenses of, 249
surrender of, 228, 236, 242, 244–52, 255, 264, 266, 269–70, 271, 273
Singora, 54
Smith, Cornelius C., Jr., 31, 39
Smith, Joseph, 351, 355
Smith, Merriman, 26
Soames, Mary Churchill, 177
Society Islands, 184
Solomon Islands, 182, 264, 268, 277, 316, 319, 320, 328–29, 333, 334, 335, 337, 339, 382, 392
Japanese air units in, 314, 335
“Some Ideas About Organization Aboard Ship” (King), 164
Sony Corporation, 88
Soryu, 295, 377, 414, 424, 429, 431, 454
loss of, 434, 435, 438, 439, 440, 446, 448, 456–57, 459–60, 462, 473, 484
Sosa, Tanetsuga, 483–84
South America, xxi, xxx
South Carolina, USS, 132
South China Sea, 53, 54, 234, 286
Southeast Asia, British command in, 266–67
South Manchurian Railway, 85
South Pacific, 186, 187, 247, 256, 264, 268, 276, 299, 306, 308, 314–15, 318, 328, 384, 386, 387, 392, 490
Soviet Union, xxiv–xxvi, xxix, 24, 59, 60, 61, 92, 181, 285, 298, 317, 488
airfields in, 283
border of Manchuria and, 111
fear of collapse of, 25, 266
German invasion of, 24, 25, 173, 182, 250
Nazi attacks on, 60
speculation on Japanese attack of, 25, 186
U.S. supplies sent to, 174, 187, 265
Spam, 298
Spanish-American War, xx, xxi, 126, 159
Spring-Rice, Cecil, xxvi
Spruance, Edward, 394
Spruance, Margaret, 394
Spruance, Raymond A., 200, 208, 216–17, 389
and Battle of Midway, 393–94, 402, 417, 420–21, 437, 453, 458–59, 465–66, 471, 473, 476–78
character and personality of, 394–95, 476–77
command relinquished by Fletcher to, 458
and “failure to pursue,” 459, 477
seasickness of, 395
Stalin, Joseph, 266
Stalingrad, Battle of, 62
Stark, Harold R. “Betty,” 14–15, 44, 153, 168–70, 180, 189, 194