by Eamon Duffy
proskynesis, (i), (ii), (iii)
Protestantism, (i), (ii), (iii)
protestants, French state persecution of, (i)
Providentissimus Deus, (i)
Provisions, papal, (i), (ii)
Prudentius, (i), (ii)
Prussia, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Purgatory, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Quadragesimo Anno, (i)
Quanta Cura, (i), (ii)
Quartodecimans, (i)
Quas Primas, (i)
Quesnel, Pasquier, (i)
Quinisext Council, (i)
Quirinal palace, (i), (ii)
Qur’an, (i), (ii)
‘race and blood’, (i)
Rahner, Karl, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
railway age, (i)
railways, (i), (ii)
ralliement, (i), (ii), (iii)
Rampolla, Cardinal, (i), (ii)
Ramsay, Michael, (i)
Raphael, (i), (ii), (iii)
Rationalism, (i), (ii), (iii)
ratione peccati, (i)
Ratti, Achille (Pope Pius XI), (i)
Ratzinger, Cardinal Joseph (Pope Benedict XVI), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Ratzinger, Georg, (i)
Ravenna, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Ravorolla, Cardinal, (i)
Raymond of Penafort, (i)
Recarred, king of the Visigoths, (i)
Redemptor Hominis, (i)
Rees, Thomas, (i)
Reform Papacy, (i)
Refractory clergy of France, (i)
refugee clergy, French, (i)
‘regalia’, (i)
Regensburg, diet of, (i)
address, (i)
Reggio, (i)
Religious Liberty, Decree on, (i)
Religious orders, 19th century, (i), (ii)
Remigius, St, (i)
Renovatio Imperii Romanorum, (i)
Representative,The, (i)
Rerum Novarum, (i), (ii), (iii)
Rescripts, (i), (ii)
Revelations, Book of, (i)
Reversurus, (i)
Revolution, France 1830, (i)
in Rome, (i)
Spanish 1820, (i)
Rheims, Council of 1119, (i)
Synod of, (i)
Rhine provinces, (i)
Riario family, (i)
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, (i)
Ricci, Fr, Jesuit General, (i)
Ricci, Scipio de, bishop of Pistoia, (i), (ii), (iii)
Richard of Cornwall, (i)
Richelieu, Cardinal, (i)
Riforma, (i)
Risorgimento, Italian, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Roma Sancta, (i)
Romagna, (i), (ii)
Roman commune, (i)
Empire, (i)
Missal, (i)
nobility, (i)
Republic, (i), (ii)
Roman Rite, (i)
Romania, (i)
Romanus I, Emperor, (i)
Rome, Aventine hill, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Campo di Fiori, (i)
Castel Sant’ Angelo, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
catacomb of S. Callisto, (i)
churches
S. Anastasia, (i)
S. Andrea, monastery
S. Clemente, (i), (ii), (iii)
SS. Cosmas and Damian, (i), (ii), (iii)
S. Croce, (i)
SS. Cyrus and John, (i)
S. Damasco, Vatican, (i)
S. Giorgio in Velabro, (i)
S. Hadrian, (i)
S. Lorenzo fuori le Mura, (i), (ii)
S. Marco, (i), (ii)
S. Maria Antiqua, (i)
S. Maria in Cosmedin, (i), (ii)
S. Maria in Trastevere, (i)
S. Maria Maggiore, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
S. Peter’s basilica, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
see also Vatican Confessio, (i)
Indulgence, (i), (ii)
sacristy of, (i)
Shrine of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
S. Prassede, (i)
S. Pudenziana, (i), (ii)
SS. Quiricius and Giulitta, (i)
S. Sabina, (i)
S. Sebastiano, shrine at, (i), (ii)
SS. Sergius and Bacchus, (i)
Coelian hill, (i)
Commune of, (i)
crypt of the popes, (i)
devastation of, (i)
Esquiline basilica, (i)
Janiculum hill, (i)
Lateran basilica and palace, (i), (ii), (iii)
Piazza Navona, (i)
Ponte Sant’ Angelo, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Ponte Sisto, (i)
Via Ostienis, (i)
Romero, Archbishop Oscar, (i), (ii)
Roncalli, Angelo (Pope John XXIII), (i), (ii), (iii)
Rossi, Pellegrino, (i)
Rota, (i)
Rothschild bankers, (i)
Rudolf II, Emperor, (i)
Rudolf of Swabia, (i)
Ruffini, Cardinal, (i)
Ruini, Cardinal Camillo, (i)
Russell, Odo, (i)
Russia, (i), (ii), (iii)
Napoleonic invasion of, (i)
Russian Revolution, (i)
Sabinian (604–6) pope, (i)
Sacred Heart of Jesus, (i), (ii)
Sadoleto, Jacopo, (i)
St Albans, (i)
St Bartholomew Massacre, (i)
Salamanca, University of, (i)
Salerno, (i)
Salette, La, (i)
Salus Populi Romani, (i)
Sandanista revolution, (i)
San Salvador, (i)
São Paulo, (i)
Saracens, (i)
Sardica, Council of, (i)
Sardinia, (i)
Sarto, Giuseppe (Pope Pius X), (i)
Satolli, Mgr, (i)
Savona, Pius VII at, (i)
Savanarola, Girolamo, (i)
Savoy, (i)
Saxony, (i)
Scandinavia, (i)
Scarano, Mgr Nunzio, (i)
Scheler, Max, (i)
Schmalkaldic League, (i)
Scicluna, Mgr Charles, (i)
Scola, Angelo, Archbishop of Milan, (i)
Scorzelli, Lelio, (i)
Scott-Holland, Henry, (i)
Scotland, (i), (ii)
Seewald, Peter, (i)
seminaries, (i), (ii)
reform of, (i)
Septizonium Palace, (i)
Sergius I (687–701) pope, (i)
Sergius II (844–7) pope, (i)
Sergius III (904–11) pope, (i)
Servus Servorum Dei, (i)
Serverinus (640) pope, (i)
sexual abuse, (i), (ii), (iii)
Sforza of Milan, (i)
Shepherd of Hermas,The, (i)
Sicilies, Two, (i), (ii)
Sicily, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Papal lordship of, (i), (ii)
Siena, (i)
‘silence of Pius XII’, (i)
Silva Candida, (i)
Silverius, (i)
Simon Magus, (i), (ii)
Simony, (i)
Sinibaldo Fieschi (Innocent IV), (i)
Siricius (384–99) pope, (i), (ii)
‘sister churches’, (i), (ii)
Sistine Chapel, (i)
Sixtus I (c. 116–c. 125) pope, St, (i), (ii)
Sixtus II (275–8) pope, St, (i)
Sixtus III (432–4) pope, (i)
Sixtus IV (1471–84) pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Sixtus V (1585–90) pope, (i), (ii)
Socialism, (i)
Society of St Pius X, (i)
Sodano, Cardinal Angelo, (i), (ii), (iii)
Sodalitium Pianum, (i), (ii)
Solesmes, (i)
Sollicitudo Ecclesiarum, (i)
Sollicitudo Rei Socialis, (i)
Solomon, Temple of, (i)
Soter (c. 166–c. 174) pope, (i)
Soubirous, St Bernadette, (i)
Soviet Union, (i), (ii)
Spain, (i), (ii)
Civil War, (i)
concordat 1953, (i), (ii)
Empire, (i)
Revolution 1820, (i)
Succession, War of, (i)
Spe Salvi, (i)
Speyer, (i)
Spiritual Franciscans, (i)
Stalin, Joseph, (i)
Stein, Edith, (i)
Stephen (254–7) pope, St, (i)
Stephen II (752–7) pope, (i)
Stephen III (768–72) pope, (i)
Stephen IV (816–17) pope, (i)
Stephen VI (896–7) pope, (i)
Stephen VII (928–31) pope, (i)
Stephen VIII (939–42) pope, (i)
Stephen IX (1057–8) pope, (i)
‘stirrup service’, (i)
Strasbourg, (i)
Strozzi of Florence, (i)
Sturzo, Don Luigi, (i), (ii)
subarbicarian, (i)
Subiaco, (i), (ii)
‘subsidiarity’, (i)
Succession-lists, (i)
Suenens, Cardinal, (i)
Suetonius, (i)
Suhard, Cardinal, (i)
Summorum Pontificum, (i), (ii)
Superiori Anno, (i)
Supernae Dispositionis Arbitrio, (i)
Sutri, (i)
Synod of, (i)
Sweden, (i)
Swiss Guard, (i)
Switzerland, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Sydney, Archbishop of, (i)
Syllabus of Errors, (i), (ii), (iii)
Sylvester I (314–35) pope, St, (i)
Sylvester II (999–1003) pope, (i), (ii)
Sylvester III (1045), (i)
Sylvester IV (antipope), (i)
Sylvia (sister of Gregory the Great), (i)
Symmachus (498–51) pope, (i), (ii)
Symmachus, pagan senator, (i)
Synagogues, Roman, (i), (ii)
Synod of Bishops, (i), (ii), (iii)
Synods, Roman, (i), (ii)
Syracuse, (i), (ii), (iii)
Syria, (i)
Talbot, Mgr George, (i)
Talleyrand, Mgr, (i), (ii)
Tamburini, Pietro, (i)
Tardini, Mgr., (i)
Tarragona, (i)
Taylor, Myron, (i)
Tedeschi, Ettore, (i)
Temporal Power of the Pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
see also Papal States, Patrimony of Peter, two powers
Teresa of Avila, St, (i)
Terror, the, (i), (ii), (iii)
Tertullian, early Christian writer, (i), (ii)
Testem Benevolentiae, (i)
Tetzel, (i)
Theatines, (i)
Theodelinda, Queen of the Lombards, (i)
Theoderic, (i)
Theodo of Bavaria, (i)
Theodora, Empress, (i), (ii)
Theodore I (642–9) pope, (i), (ii)
Theodore Kalliopis, exarch of Italy, (i)
Theodore of Tarus, (i)
Theodosius, Emperor, (i)
Theodotians, heretical group, (i)
Theophylact family, (i), (ii)
Thessalonica, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Theutberga, wife of Lothar of Lorraine, (i)
Thirty Years War, (i), (ii)
Thomas Aquinas, St, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Thomism, (i)
Thrace, (i), (ii)
‘throne and altar’, (i)
tiara, papal, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
see also camalaucum
Tiber, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Tiberius Petasius, (i)
Time, (i)
Times,The, (i)
Tisserant, Cardinal, (i)
tituli, (i), (ii)
Titus, arch of, (i)
Tollentino, Peace of, (i), (ii)
Tomb of Peter, (i)
Tome of Leo, (i)
totalitarian state, (i)
Totila, (i)
Toulouse, Cardinal Archbishop of, (i)
trade unions, (i), (ii)
tradition, subverted, (i)
traditores, (i), (ii)
traffic in hell, (i)
Trastevere, (i), (ii), (iii)
Treatise Against the Heresies, (i)
Trent, Council of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Treviso, (i)
Tridentine missal, (i), (ii), (iii)
Trier, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Trionfo della Sante Sede, (i)
‘Trophy’, ‘Tropaion’, (i)
Turkey, (i), (ii)
Tuscany, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)
Tusculani family, (i), (ii)
Two Natures, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
two powers, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Ubi Primum, (i)
Ugolino (Pope Gregory IX), (i)
Ukraine, (i)
Ultramontanism, Ultramontanes, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Unam Sanctam, (i)
‘Uniates’, (i), (ii)
see also Eastern-Rite Catholics
Unification of Italy, (i)
Unigenitus, (i), (ii)
United Nations, (i), (ii)
United States of America, (i), (ii), (iii)
L’Univers, (i)
unleavened bread, (i), (ii)
Urban II (1088–99) pope, (i), (ii), (iii)
Urban IV (1261–4) pope, (i)
Urban VI (1378–89) pope, (i)
Urban VIII (1623–44) pope, (i)
Urbanum (College of Propaganda Fide), (i), (ii)
Urbi et Orbi, (i), (ii), (iii)
Ursinus, antipope, (i), (ii), (iii)
Ustashe, (i)
Usus pauper, condemnation of, (i)
Ut Unum Sint, (i), (ii)
Valence, (i), (ii)
Valentinus, heretical teacher, (i), (ii)
Vandals, (i)
Vatican
Archive/Library, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Bank, (i), (ii), (iii)
Casa Santa Marta, (i), (ii)
City, (i), (ii)
Council, First, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Second, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Observatory, (i)
shrine of Peter, (i), (ii), (iii)
Vatileaks, (i)
Vehementer Nos, (i)
Velletri, (i)
Vendée, (i), (ii)
Venerabile (English College in Rome), (i)
Venice, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Conclave of, (i)
Interdict on, (i)
S. Giorgio, (i)
Venus, (i)
Veritatis Splendor, (i), (ii)
Veronica’s handkerchief, (i)
Versailles, Treaty of, (i)
Veto, of monarchies in papel election, (i), (ii)
Veuillot, Louis, (i), (ii)
Vicar of Christ, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
‘vicars apostolic’, (i), (ii)
Vicars of St Peter, (i), (ii)
Victor I (189–98) pope, (i)
Victor II (1055–7) pope, (i), (ii)
Victor IV (antipope), (i)
Victor Emmanuel II, (i)
Videla, General, (i)
Vienna, Congress of, (i)
Vienne, Council of, (i)
Vigilus (537–55) pope, (i)
Vincent de Paul, St, (i)
Vincent Ferrar, St, (i)
Visiogoths, (i)
Vitalian (657–72) pope, (i), (ii)
Viterbo, (i)
Voltaire, (i), (ii), (iii)
Vox Clara commission, (i)
Vulgate Bible, (i)
Walesa, Lech, (i)
Ward, W. G., (i)
Warsaw, (i)
Wearmouth, (i)
Weigel, Geo
rge, (i)
Weizsacker, Ernst von, (i)
Westminster Abbey, (i)
Westphalia, (i), (ii)
Whitby, Synod, (i)
White Mountain, Battle of, (i)
Wilfrid, St, (i)
Wilhelm II, Kaiser, (i)
William Durand, (i)
William of Aquitaine, (i)
William of Ockham, (i), (ii)
William of St-Thierry, (i)
William of Sicily, (i)
William of Utrecht, (i)
William the Conqueror, (i), (ii)
Williams, Rowan, Archbishop of Canterbury, (i)
Williamson, Bishop Richard, (i)
Willibrord, St, (i)
Wilsnack, Holy Blood of, (i)
Winchester, (i)
Windthorst, Ludwig, (i)
Wiseman, Cardinal, (i)
Wittgenstein, (i)
Wojtyla, Karol (Pope John Paul II), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
women, ordination of, (i)
Worker-Priest movement, (i), (ii)
World Council of Churches, (i)
World Youth Congress, (i)
World Youth Day, (i)
Worms, (i)
Wyclif, John, (i), (ii)
Xavier, St Francis, (i), (ii)
Yorio, Orlando, (i)
York, (i), (ii)
Young Italy, (i)
Yugoslavia, (i)
Zacharias (741–52) pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Zacharias, captain of Imperial Guard, (i)
Zamagni, Stefano, (i)
zelanti (in Conclave), (i), (ii)
Zeno, Emperor, (i)
Zephyrinus (198/9–217) pope, (i)
Zosimus (417–8) pope, (i)
