by Eamon Duffy
Knights Templar, (i)
Kolbe, Maximillian, (i)
Korah, (i)
Kulturkampf, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Küng, Hans, (i), (ii), (iii)
La Fontaine, Cardinal, (i)
Labouré, Catherine, (i)
Lacordaire, Henri-Dominique, (i)
laicisation of priests, (i)
Lamb of God, (i)
Lambertini, Prospero (Pope Benedict XIV), (i), (ii), (iii)
Lambruschini, Cardinal, (i)
Lamennais, Felicité de, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Lamentabili, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Langres, Bishop, (i)
Langton, Stephen, (i)
Languedoc, (i)
Last Judgement, Michelangelo, (i), (ii)
Lateran basilica and palace, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Lateran Councils, (i)
II, (i)
III, (i), (ii)
IV, (i), (ii)
V, (i), (ii)
Synod (649), (i)
Latin America, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Conference of bishops, (i)
Latvia, (i)
Laudabiliter, (i)
Laurence (antipope), (i)
Lavigerie, Cardinal, (i)
Law, Cardinal (Archbishop of Boston), (i)
Law of Guarantees, (i), (ii)
Law of Separation, (i)
lay investiture, (i)
Le Puy, bishop of, (i)
Leander of Seville, (i)
Lefebvre, Marcel, (i), (ii), (iii)
Lefarge, John, (i)
Legate a latere, (i)
legates, papal, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Legations, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Legionaries of Christ, (i), (ii)
Leinster, (i)
Lemius, Joseph, (i)
Leo I (440–61) pope, St, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Leo III, Emperor, (i)
Leo III (795–816) pope, (i)
Leo IV (847–55) pope, (i)
Leo V (903) pope, (i)
Leo VI (928) pope, (i)
Leo VII (936–9) pope, (i)
Leo VIII (963–5) pope, (i)
Leo IX (1049–54) pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Leo X (1513–21) pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Leo XI (1605) pope, (i)
Leo XII (1823–19) pope, (i), (ii)
Leo XIII (1878–1903) pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Leonard of Port Maurice, St, (i)
Leonardo, (i)
Leonine Wall, (i), (ii), (iii)
Leopold of Tuscany, (i)
Lepanto, Battle of, (i)
Levada, William, (i), (ii), (iii)
Lewis of Bavaria, (i)
Liber Censuum, (i)
Liber extra, (i)
Liber Pontificalis, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
liberal Catholicism, (i), (ii)
Liberation Theology, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Liberius (352–66) pope, (i), (ii), (iii)
Libertas Praestantissimum, (i)
Lichtenstein, (i)
Licinius, Emperor, (i)
Linus (c. 66–78) pope, St, (i)
Lithuania, (i)
Little Rock, Arkansas, (i)
Liturgiam authenticam, (i)
Liturgical movement, (i)
Liturgy, decree on, (i)
papal, (i)
transformation of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Liutprand, King, (i), (ii)
Livonia, (i)
Lodi, peace of, (i), (ii)
Loisy, Alfred, (i)
Lombards, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Lombardy, (i), (ii), (iii)
London, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Lorenzo de’Medici, (i)
Lorenzo Valla, (i)
Lothair, Emperor, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Lothar of Segni (Pope Innocent III), (i)
Louis II, Emperor, (i)
Louis XII of France, (i), (ii)
Louis XIV of France, (i)
Louis XVI of France, (i)
Louis Philippe of France, (i)
Louis the Pious, (i)
Lourdes, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Louvain, (i)
Love and Responsibility, (i)
Low Countries, (i), (ii)
Loyola, Ignatius, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Luciani, Albino (Pope John Paul I), (i)
Lucius II (1144–5) pope, (i)
Lubac, Henri de, (i), (ii), (iii)
Lumen Fidei, (i)
Lumen Gentium, (i), (ii)
Lurchan ua Tuathail, (i)
Luther, Martin, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Lyons, (i)
Council of, (i)
Second Council of, (i)
Machiavelli’s Prince, (i)
McQuaid, bishop of Rochester, NY, (i)
Maciel Degollado, Fr Marcial, (i), (ii)
Maglioni, Luigi, (i)
Magna Carta, (i)
Mahoney, Cardinal Roger, (i)
Mainz, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Maistre, Joseph de, (i), (ii)
Malachy, St, (i)
Malamocco, (i)
Malatesta of Rimini, (i)
Malines, (i), (ii)
Mandatum, (i)
Manichees, (i)
mankind, religion of, (i)
Mannel II Palaiologus, Emperor, (i)
Manning, Cardinal Henry Edward, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Mantua, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Maradiaga, Cardinal Oscar, (i)
Marcellinus (296–304) pope, (i), (ii), (iii)
Marches of Ancona, (i), (ii), (iii)
Marcion, heretical teacher, (i), (ii)
Marcus Aurelius, statue of, (i), (ii)
Marcus I (336) pope, (i)
Maria Theresa, Empress, (i)
Marozia, (i)
marriage, civil, (i), (ii), (iii)
Marsilius of Padua, (i), (ii)
Martel, Charles, (i)
Martin, Diarmuid, Archbishop of Dublin, (i), (ii)
Martin I (649–55) pope, (i), (ii)
Martin IV (1281–5) pope, (i)
Martin V (1417–31) pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
Martini, Cardinal Carlo Maria, (i)
Martini, Cardinal Carlo Maria, (i)
Mary, Blessed Virgin, (i), (ii)
sinlessness of (Immaculate Conception), (i), (ii), (iii)
Mary Tudor, Queen, (i)
Mass, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii)
Mass, Canon of the, (i), (ii)
Mastai-Ferretti, Giovanni Maria (Pope Pius IX), (i)
Mater et Magistra, (i)
Mathieu, Cardinal, (i)
Matilda of Tuscany, (i), (ii), (iii)
lands of, (i)
Mattei, Cardinal, (i)
Matthew, Gospel of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Maundy Thursday, (i)
Maurice (Emperor), (i), (ii)
Maurras, Charles, (i)
Maury, Cardinal, (i), (ii)
Maxentius, Emperor, (i)
Maximilian of Bavaria, (i)
Maximum Illud, (i)
Mazarin, Cardinal, (i)
Mazzini, Giuseppe, (i), (ii)
Mediator Dei, (i)
Medici family, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
bank, (i)
Melkites, (i), (ii)
Menas, Patriarch of Constantinople, (i)
Mercier, Cardinal, (i)
Merovingians, (i), (ii)
Methodius and Cyril, (i)
Metropolitans, (i), (ii)
institution by, (i)
Metternich, Chancellor of Austria, (i), (ii)
Metz, Johan
n Baptist, (i)
Mexican revolution, (i)
Mexico, (i), (ii)
Michael III, Emperor of Byzantium, (i)
Michael VIII Paleologus, Emperor, (i)
Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople, (i)
Michelangelo, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Middle Ages, romanticised, (i)
Milan, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Basilica Nuova, (i)
republic of, (i)
Miltiades (311–14) pope, (i)
Milvian Bridge, battle of, (i)
Mincius, John (antipope Benedict X), (i)
Mindszenty, Cardinal Joseph, (i), (ii)
Miraculous Medal, (i)
Mirari Vos, (i), (ii)
‘Misery of the Human Condition,’ (i)
Missal, reform of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Missions, missionaries, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Mit Brennender Sorge, (i)
Modernism, (i), (ii), (iii)
Mohammed, (i)
monarchy, papal, (i), (ii)
monasteries, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
monasteries, Austrian, (i)
monks, (i), (ii)
Monoenergism, (i)
Monophysitism, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Monothelitism, (i)
Montalambert, Count Charles, (i), (ii), (iii)
Monte Cassino, (i), (ii)
‘Mother of the Church,’ controversial title, (i)
Montini, Giovanni Battista (Pope Paul VI), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Moro, Aldo, (i)
Mortalium Annos, (i), (ii)
Mozarabic rite, (i)
Mozetta, (i)
Mugica, Fr Carlos, (i)
Müller, Heinrich, (i)
Mun, Count Albert de, (i)
Munich, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Muratori, Ludovico, (i)
Murphy report, (i), (ii)
Murray, John Courtney, (i)
music, reform of church, (i)
Muslims, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Mussolini, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
‘Mysteries of the Mass,’ (i)
Mystici Corporis, (i), (ii)
Nagasaki, 1st Japanese bishop of, (i)
Nantes, bishop of, (i)
Naples, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
kingdom of, (i)
Napoleon Bonaparte, (i), (ii)
divorce of, (i)
feast of ‘St’, (i)
Imperial Coronation of, (i), plate 36
Napoleon III, (i), (ii), (iii)
Napoleonic Code, (i), (ii)
National Conferences of Bishops, (i)
Nazi Germany, Concordat with, (i)
Nazism, (i)
Nebuchadnezzar, (i)
Nepotism, (i), (ii), (iii)
Neri, St Philip, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Nero, Emperor, (i), (ii), (iii)
Newman, Cardinal John Henry, (i), (ii), (iii)
New Testament, (i), (ii)
‘New Theology’, (i)
Nicaea, 1st Council of, (i)
2nd Council of, (i)
Nicaragua, (i)
Nicene Creed, (i)
Nicholas of Cusa, (i)
Nicholas I (858–67) pope, St, (i), (ii), (iii)
Nicholas I, Tsar, (i)
Nicholas II (1058–61) pope, (i)
Nicholas V (1447–55) pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Nichols, Archbishop Vincent, (i)
‘Nicolaism’, (i)
Nicomedia, (i), (ii)
Nicopolis, (i)
Nietzsche, (i)
Ninety-five Theses, (i)
Nobilissima Gallorum Gens, (i)
Non Abbiamo Bisogno, (i)
Non expedit, (i)
Normans, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Conquest, (i)
in Sicily, (i), (ii)
Norway, (i), (ii), (iii)
Novatian (antipope), (i), (ii)
Novatianists, Novatinism, (i)
Numidia, (i), (ii)
Nuncios, Papal, (i), (ii), (iii)
Nuremberg, diet of, (i)
Nuzzi, Gianluigi, (i)
O’Brien, Archbishop Keith, (i)
observers at Vatican II, (i)
Oceania, (i)
Ochino, Bernardino, (i)
O’Connell, Cardinal Desmond (Archbishop of Dublin), (i)
Octavianus (Pope John XII), (i)
Odo Colonna (Pope Martin V), (i)
Odo of Cluny, (i)
Odoacer the Rugian, (i)
Olympius, exarch of Italy, (i)
O’Malley, Sean, of Boston, (i)
Opera dei Congressi, (i)
Opus Dei, (i)
Oratory, Birmingham (salver, sancta parems), (i)
Ordinary Jurisdiction, of pope, (i)
Ordinatio Sacerdotalis, (i)
Organic Articles, (i), (ii)
Orientalium Dignitatis, (i)
Origen, (i), (ii)
Orsini family, (i), (ii)
Matteo, (i)
Orthodox churches, (i), (ii)
Orvieto, (i)
Osborne, D’Arcy, (i)
Osiris, (i)
Ostia, (i), (ii), (iii)
’Ostpolitik,’ (i), (ii)
Oswiu, King, (i), (ii)
Ottaviani, Cardinal, (i), (ii), (iii)
Ottaviano of Monticelli (antipope Victor IV), (i)
Otto of Brunswick, (i)
Otto I, (i)
Otto III, (i), (ii)
Oxford, University of, (i), (ii)
Pacca, Cardinal, (i), (ii)
Pacelli, Eugenio (Pope Pius XII), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Parem in Terris, (i)
Pactum Ludovicianum, (i)
Paderborn, (i)
padroado, (i)
palfrey, pope’s, (i)
Pallium, (i), (ii)
Palotta, Cardinal, (i)
Pantheon, (i), (ii)
Papa Angelicus, (i)
Papal Monarchy, (i)
Papal States, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix)
Paris, (i)
national Council of 1811, (i)
Notre-Dame, Paris, (i)
Parlement, (i)
Pius VII in, (i)
Sacré Coeur Basilica, Montmartre, (i)
University of, (i)
Paris, Matthew, (i)
Parliament of Religions, Chicago, (i)
Parma, Duchy of, (i)
Pars Sacerdotalis, (i)
Partito Popolare, (i), (ii), (iii)
Pascendi, (i), (ii)
Paschal I (814–24) pope, (i), (ii)
Paschal II (1099–1118) pope, (i), (ii), (iii)
Paschal III (antipope), (i)
Paschalis, (i)
Pasqualina, Sister, (i)
Pasolini, Pier Paolo, (i)
‘Pastoral Care’ (Gregory I), (i), (ii)
Patarini, (i)
Patras, (i)
Patriarchates, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Patrimony of Peter, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
see also Papal States
Paul I (757–67) pope, (i)
Paul II (1464–71) pope, (i), (ii)
Paul III (1534–49) pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Paul IV (1555–9) pope, (i), (ii), (iii)
Paul V (1605–21) pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Paul VI (1963–78) pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Paul, St, Apostle, (i)
Paulist Fathers, (i)
Pavelic, Ante, (i)
Pavia, (i), (ii)
Synod of, (i)
Pavillon, Nicholas, (i)
Peasants’ Revolt 1525, (i)
Pecci, Gioacchino (Pope Leo XIII), (i)
Pelagius I (566–61) pope, (i), (ii), (iii)
Pelagius II (579–90) pope, (i), (ii)
Pell, Archbishop George, (i), (ii)
Pentapolis, (i), (ii), (iii)
Pepin, (i), (ii), (iii)
Peron, Juan, (i), (ii)
persecution of the church, (i), (ii), (iii)
Persians, (i)
Personal Ordinariates, (i)
Peru, (i)
Perugino, Pietro, (i)
Peter, St, (i)
1st Epistle of, (i)
Peter and Paul, (i)
cult of, (i), (ii)
feast of, (i)
in Rome, (i), (ii)
Peter Martyr Vermigli, (i)
Peter’s Pence, (i), (ii)
Philip (antipope), (i)
Philip IV of France, (i), (ii)
Philip of Swabia, (i)
Philip the Fair, (i)
Philippines, (i)
Photius, Photian Schism, (i), (ii), (iii)
Piacenza, (i), (ii)
Piedmont, (i), (ii)
kingdom of, (i)
Pierleoni family, (i)
Pinturicchio, (i)
Pio Nono, see Pius IX
Pisa, Council of, (i), (ii), (iii)
Pistoia, bishop of. See Ricci, Scipio de Synod of, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Pius II (1458–64) pope, (i), (ii), (iii)
Pius III (1503) pope, (i)
Pius IV (1559–65) pope, (i), (ii)
Pius V (1556–72) pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Pius VI (1775–99) pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Pius VII (1800–23) pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Pius IX (1846–78) pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Pius X (1903–14) pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Pius XI (1922–39) pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Pius XII (1939–58) pope, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
placet of state, (i)
Platina, Bartolomeo, (i)
Poitiers, (i)
Poland, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)
Pole, Reginald, (i)
Polycarp of Smyrna, St, (i)
Polycrates of Ephesus, (i)
polyphony, (i)
Pontifical Biblical Commission, (i)
Pontifical Council for the New Evangelisation, (i)
Pontine Marshes, (i)
poor relief in Rome, (i), (ii)
Populorum Progressio, (i), (ii), (iii)
‘Pornocracy’, (i)
porphyry, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Portugal, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Portuguese empire, (i)
Praeclara Gratulationis, (i), (ii)
Pragmatic Sanction, (i), (ii)
Prague, Infant of, (i)
‘Praise of Folly’, (i)
Prato, riots at, (i)
‘pravilege’, (i)
‘preferential love for the poor’, (i)
Prignano, Bartolommeo (Pope Urban VI), (i)
Primacy, papal, (i)
prince-bishoprics, end of, (i)
Prisca, Priscilla, (i)
Priscillianist Heresy, (i)
‘Prisoner of the Vatican’, (i), (ii), (iii)
‘Privilege of Ponte Mammolo’, (i)
proletariat, (i)
Propaganda Fide, (i)
proprietary churches, (i)
