For the Common Defense
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Pemberton, John, 192, 194, 195
Penkovsky, Oleg, 481
Pensacola, 28, 97, 105, 198
People’s Army of North Vietnam (PAVN), 515–19, 523, 528–36, 539–59, 562–66
People’s Liberation Army (PLA), 456, 459–60, 468, 470
People’s Republic of China, 455–56, 476, 575, 610, 679
People’s Self Defense Force (PSDF), 549
Pepperell, William, 33, 162
Pequot Indians, 13, 14–16
Percussion cap, 114, 204
Perle, Richard, 577, 584, 636
Perry, Matthew C., 124, 135, 220
Perry, Oliver H., 100–101
Perry, William J., 612
Perryville, Battle of, 177
Pershing, John J., 303, 314–15, 317, 325–38, 348, 355
Pershing II missile, 574, 579, 580
Persian Gulf, 576, 587, 593–605, 627
Persian Gulf War. See Gulf War (1991)
Petain, Henri Philippe, 311
Petersburg, 209–210, 214
Petraeus, David, 655, 666, 668, 670, 677
Pettigrew, James J., 193
Philadelphia, 21, 52, 62, 63, 72
Philippine Islands, 272, 284, 285, 289, 303, 340, 347, 358, 361, 369, 474, 477, 586, 591, 607, 673, 681
annexation of, 268, 273
pacification, 268–81
in Spanish-American War, 254, 255, 256, 261, 265–69
in World War II, 373–74, 375–77, 399, 407–408, 415, 417–19, 434–35
Philippines Civic Action Group, 528
Philippine Scouts, 382–83
Philippine Sea, Battle of the, 418
Phips, Sir William, 25, 27, 29
PHOENIX, 551
Pickens, Andrew, 68
Pickett, George, 194
Pickett’s Charge, 194, 215
Pierce, Franklin, 121, 148
PIERCE ARROW, 517
Pike, Zebulon, 101
Pilgrims, 2
Pillow, Gideon, 162, 166
Piracy, 88, 93, 109, 220
Pitcairn, John, 47
Pitt, William, 37–38, 42, 49
Plains Indians, 126, 222, 225–28
Platt Amendment, 273
Plattsburg Movement, 306–307
Pliyev, Issa, 506
Plymouth, Massachusetts, 2, 9, 16, 17
Poindexter, John, 585
POINTBLANK, 409–415
Polaris missile, 484
Polk, James K., 129–31, 133–41, 190
Polk, Leonidas, 159, 165
Pol Pot, 552, 571
Pontiac, 44–45
Pope, John, 173–75, 210, 222
Port Arthur, 289
Porter, David D., 195, 221
Porter, Fitz-John, 172–73
Port Gibson, 195
Port Hudson, 179, 190, 194, 195
Porto Bello, 32
Port Royal, 25, 29, 165
Post-Civil War era, 218–33
demobilization, 218–19
Indian wars, 221–28
Navy, 219–21
Reconstruction, 228–33
Potomack Indians, 14
Potomac River, 149, 155, 174, 175
Potsdam Conference, 439
Powell, Colin, 560, 577, 589, 596, 597, 599, 609, 611, 631, 652, 666
Power, Thomas S., 505
Pratt, William V., 361
Preble, Edward, 93
Predator drone, 641, 676
Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, 176, 181, 189
Prentiss, Benjamin M., 162, 167
Preparedness Movement, 304–308
Presidential Decision Directive 39, 629
Presidential Directive 59, 573
Presidential elections:
of 1800, 91
of 1844, 128–29
of 1864, 212
of 1900, 278
of 1912, 305
of 1920, 339
of 1940, 371
of 1952, 474
of 1960, 496–97
of 1968, 544
of 1980, 576
of 1988, 583, 588
of 2000, 631
of 2004, 633, 666
Presidential powers, 82, 83, 97n., 307, 478, 638–39
Presidential Review Memorandum 10, 573
Prevost, Sir George, 97, 103, 106
Price, Sterling, 137, 157, 166, 177
Princeton, 62, 69, 79
Princeton, 116
Privateering, 21, 53, 72–73, 74, 91, 100, 109, 130, 200, 202
Proclamation Line of 1763, 45, 46
Proctor, Henry, 101
Proctor, Redfield, 253, 259
Professionalization, 108, 110, 117–21, 235, 282
Progressive movement, 242–51, 271
Project 100,000, 527
Promotion, 248
Propaganda, 75
Protective Mobilization Plan, 356
PROVIDE COMFORT, 605
Provisional Army, 90
Puerto Rican Regiment, 301
Puerto Rico, 254, 256, 266–69, 271, 284, 289, 300–301
Punitive Expedition, 298, 303
Putnam, Israel, 60
Qatar, 595
Quantrill, William C., 161
Quartering Act (1765), 45
Quasi-War, 89–91, 99, 130
Quebec, 5, 27, 29, 30, 35, 38, 39, 59, 62
Queen Anne’s War, 28–30
Queenston Heights, Battle of, 99
Quemoy-Matsu crises, 478, 492
Quota system, 7–8
Rabaul, 397, 399, 417
Radar, 354, 390, 395, 399, 465, 521, 600
Radford, Arthur W., 478, 493
Radio, 298, 354, 376, 390–91, 395, 418, 421, 480
Raiding, 152, 200–201, 352
Railroads, 114, 115, 122–23, 135, 221, 222, 234, 247, 262, 317
in Civil War, 144–47, 149, 150–53, 156, 158, 175, 179, 192, 197, 203–205, 210, 211, 212
RAINBOW, 368–69
RAINBOW 5, 372
Ramos, Fidel, 591
RANCH HAND, 514
Rangers, 161
colonial, 10, 41
Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force (RDJTF), 576, 595
Rappahannock River, 149, 174, 178, 190, 191, 192, 194, 204
Rawdon, Francis Lord, 69
Reagan, Ronald, 570, 571, 576–89, 606, 607, 628, 634
defense policy, 576–89
Reagan Doctrine, 577, 580–81
Rearmament, 237, 363–66, 460–67
German, 466–67, 490–91
Japanese, 474, 492
naval, 363–65
Reagan-era, 576–83, 588
Truman and, 460–67
Reciprocal Trade Treaty (1902), 273
Reconnaissance, 299, 322, 359, 373, 418, 481, 486, 504–505, 532
Reconstruction, 217, 228–33, 234, 235
Red Badge of Courage, The (Crane), 517, 519
Red River campaign, 208
Red Shirts, 232
Reform, 109–113, 125, 232–33, 241–51, 271, 288, 292–300, 451–53, 488–90, 497–503
land forces, 292–300
late-nineteenth-century, 241–51
Regulators, 7
Regulus missile, 483
RENO, 407
Reno, Marcus A., 227
Reorganization Plan No. 6, 488–89
Repeating rifles, 115, 191, 224
Republican Guard, 593, 597, 600–604, 625, 652–60
Republic of Vietnam, 512
Resaca de la Palma, Battle of, 130
Reservation system, 222, 223, 228
Reserve Act of 1912, 296
Reserve forces, 248–49, 282–84, 294–96, 305–307, 344–45, 463, 495, 503, 525–26, 568, 598, 666
Reserve Forces Act (1955), 495
Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC), 307, 345
Resor, Stanley, 553
RESTORE DEMOCRACY, 616
RESTORE HOPE, 613–14
Retirement, 248
Reynolds, John, 127
Rhee,
Syngman, 454, 455, 458, 473, 474
Riall, Phineas, 102
Rice, Condoleezza, 631, 651, 666, 670
Richelieu River, 20, 60, 97, 103
Richmond, 149, 150, 155, 156, 164, 169–73, 177, 208, 209, 211, 213, 214
Rickover, Hyman G., 483, 484
Ridgway, Matthew B., 459, 468, 469, 493, 539
Rifles, 114–15, 151, 191, 205, 214–15, 219, 224, 237, 240, 297–98, 317, 329, 358, 525
Rio de la Plata, 123
Rio Grande, 123, 129, 130, 141, 302
Rio Pact, 441, 477
Rio Sacramento, Battle of, 137
Riverine Assault Force, 535
Roanoke Island, 168
Robeson, George M., 220
Rochambeau, Comte de, 68, 69
Rodgers, John, 100
Rogers, William P., 546
Rogue Indians, 128
ROK forces. See South Korean army (ROK)
ROLLING THUNDER, 517–22, 530, 557–58
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 355, 357, 363–66, 488
Atlantic Charter, 377
aviation policy, 365
death of, 436
naval policy, 363–65
in World War II, 367–81, 385–88, 392–96, 401, 403, 404–409, 432, 437, 438
Roosevelt, Theodore, 255, 259, 280, 281, 282, 286, 293, 295, 299, 301, 308, 363
naval policy, 286, 287, 288, 292
in Spanish-American War, 255–56, 257, 261, 264
Root, Elihu, 271, 277, 292–95
Rosebud, Battle of the, 227
Rosecrans, William S., 177–80, 187, 190, 192, 196
Ross, Robert, 103, 104
Rough Riders (1st United States Volunteer Cavalry), 257, 262, 264
ROUNDUP, 379, 393
Route Packages, 521
Rowen, Henry S., 487
Royal Air Force, 371, 380, 395, 409, 410, 413, 415, 421, 531, 480
Royal Australian Air Force, 416
Royal Australian Regiment, 527–28
Royal Flying Corps, 333
Royal Navy, 21, 30, 37, 38, 60, 70, 72–74, 91, 94, 95, 99–100, 103, 246, 247, 286, 289, 304, 310, 318, 321, 322, 342, 351, 369, 371, 373, 392, 394
Ruggles, Daniel, 167
Rumsfeld, Donald, 631, 634–36, 646, 650–63, 664, 665, 666, 670
Rundstedt, Gerd von, 424, 433
Rusk, Dean, 564
Russell, John H., 354
Russell, Lord, 174
Russian Revolution, 311, 317, 339
Russo-German War, 372–73, 403
Russo-Japanese War, 277, 284, 340, 439
Rwanda, 613
Ryswick, Treaty of (1697), 27, 28
SACEUR, 466, 491
Sac Indians, 127
Saigon, fall of, 565
St. Augustine, 20, 28, 32, 33, 39–40
St. Clair, Arthur, 85, 86
St. John, Isaac M., 205
St. Lawrence River, 20, 21, 23, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 59
St. Leger, Barry, 63, 64
St. Mihiel offensive, 334–35
Saipan, 406, 418, 431
Sakonnet Indians, 17
Salem, Massachusetts, 4
SALT I, 567
SALT II, 572–73, 576, 578
Samar, 279, 280
Samoa, 237, 269, 271
Sampson, William T., 256, 261, 263, 265, 266
Sand Creek, Battle of, 222
Sandinistas, 575, 581, 586, 592
SANDSTONE tests, 446
Sanger, William Cary, 295
San Juan Heights, Battle of, 264–65
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de, 138–40
Santee Sioux Indians, 222
Santiago Bay, Battle of, 265–66, 292
Santo Domingo, 301
Saratoga, 60, 64, 65, 70, 75
Saratoga, 343, 348, 350, 351
Sassacus, 15–16
Satellite reconnaissance, 481, 486
Saudi Arabia, 576, 586, 587, 593–96, 598, 599, 603, 607, 613, 624, 626, 628, 629, 652, 657, 658, 672, 673, 686
Savage Station, Battle of, 173
Savannah, 66, 69, 71, 75, 165, 168, 212
Saxton, Rufus, 182
Schley, Winfield Scott, 246, 265
Schmidt, Helmut, 574
Schofield, John M., 213, 221, 240, 250, 254
School of Application for Infantry and Cavalry, Fort Leavenworth, 242
Schurz, Carl, 162
Schuyler, Philip, 59, 64
Schwarzkopf, Norman, 595–604
Scott, Frank A., 316
Scott, Hugh L., 306
Scott, Winfield, 102, 103, 131–33, 135–41, 150, 156, 161, 162
Scowcroft, Brent, 589
Scud missile, 599, 602–603
SEALORDS, 535
SEAL Team Six, 674
Secession, 147, 159, 217
Second Amendment to the Constitution, 82
2d Army, 337
Second Confiscation and Militia Acts (1862), 182
Second Continental Congress, 46, 47, 52, 77
2d Division, 329, 331
2d Infantry, 468
2d Louisiana Native Guards, 182
Second Seminole War, 127–28, 133
2d U.S. Infantry Division, 458
Sedgwick, John, 191
Sedition Act of 1918, 323
Selective Service Act (1917), 312
Selective Service and Training Act (1940), 370
Selective Service System, 324, 381–82, 385, 463, 526
Seminole Indians, 127–28, 133
Seneca Indians, 23
“Sentiments on a Peace Establishment” (Washington), 79–80, 87
Serapis, 73
Serbia, 616–23
Services of Supply (SOS), 331
Seven Days Battles, 173
7th Air Force, 416, 530
7th Cavalry, 226–27, 232
VII Corps, 598, 600, 604
7th Fleet, 399, 408, 416, 418, 419, 434, 463, 492, 534–36
7th German Army, 423
7th U.S. Army, 466
75th XTF, 661, 662
Shafter, William R., 262–67, 269, 270
Shaw, Joshua, 114
Shawnee Indians, 70, 95
Shays, Daniel, 81
Shays’ Rebellion, 81, 84
Shell guns, 116–17
Sheridan, Philip H., 212, 214, 219, 223, 226, 227
Sherman, William T., 152, 179, 187, 188, 197, 208, 210–14, 219, 223, 233, 242–43, 245, 250
Shi’a, 582, 601, 602, 605, 624–27, 650, 654, 655, 660–70
Shields, James, 170
Shiloh, Battle of, 166–68
Shinseki, Eric, 635
Shirley, William, 33, 34, 36, 37
Shoshone Indians, 225, 226
Shufeldt, Robert W., 220
Shultz, George, 585
Siberia, 340, 445
Sicilian campaign, 401–403
Siegfried Line, 425, 427, 432, 433, 435
Sigel, Franz, 162, 208–209
Signal Corps, 242, 299, 331
Sigsbee, Charles D., 252
Sihanoukville, 552, 553, 554
Sikorsky HRS–1, 471
Sims, William S., 288, 318–22, 342, 346
Simultaneous advances, 151
Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP), 485–86, 573
Sioux Indians, 128, 222, 225–27
Sitting Bull, 226
Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, 23n., 36
6th Army, 383, 415, 418, 434
6th Massachusetts Regiment, 155
6th U.S. Army Group, 425, 427
Skybolt missile, 500
SKYHOOK, 480
Slave insurrections, 7, 50, 51
Slavery, 7, 9, 24, 48, 50, 53, 59, 130–31, 142, 143, 147, 164, 176, 181–83, 213, 216, 233
SLBMs (sea-launched ballistic missiles), 484, 485, 500, 567, 573, 578, 607
SLEDGEHAMMER, 379, 393
Slovenia, 616–23
Smart bombs, 558
Smith, Edmund Kirby, 157, 177
Smith, Jacob H., 279
Smith, John, 2
Smith, Samuel, 103–104
Smoothbores, 114, 115, 215, 219
Smyth, Alexander, 99
Snake War, 225–26
Snark missile, 483
Social Darwinism, 236
Society of the Cincinnati, 78–79
Solomon Islands, 375, 377, 397–99, 420, 434
Somalia, 571, 576, 607, 613–16, 628, 629, 686
Somali National Army (SNA), 615
Sonar, 390, 395
Sons of Liberty, 46
South Africa, 575, 586
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 477, 493, 512, 527
Southern Alliance, 644, 645
Southern Frontier (1697–1763), 26
South Korean army (ROK), 454–59, 468–74, 528
South Korean Labor Party (SKLP), 454–55
South Vietnamese army (ARVN), 512–15, 518–23, 527, 530, 536, 539–43, 547, 548–58, 564, 565
Soviet Union, collapse of, 568–70, 578, 590, 606, 608, 610
Spaatz, Carl “Tooey,” 409, 411, 412
Spanish-American War, 252–73, 285, 292
aftermath of, 268–73
beginning of, 252–54
blockade, 256, 261
casualties, 265, 269, 280, 679
in Cuba, 254–56, 261–66, 268
disease in, 269–70
leadership, 254, 257, 259, 270
logistical support, 256, 258–59, 263–66, 269–70
mobilization, 254–59, 270, 271, 274
in Philippines, 254, 255, 256, 261, 265–69
in Puerto Rico, 254, 256, 266–67, 268
strategy, 254–56, 261–62
theaters, 260
Spanish settlers, 2, 20, 24
Special Forces, 504, 514, 571, 592, 614, 615, 640–48, 653, 654, 659
Spellman, Francis, 512
Spencer, Christopher M., 115
Spotsylvania Court House, Battle of, 209
Springfield rifles, 224, 297, 317
Spruance, Raymond A., 416, 418
Squadrons, naval, 109 and n.
SSBN, 484, 578
SS–5 missile, 505
SS–9 missile, 567
SS–11 missile, 567
SS–20 missile, 574
Stalin, Josef, 367, 410, 432, 438, 441, 455, 456, 467, 473, 474, 650
Stalingrad, Battle of, 403
Stamp Act (1765), 45, 46, 47
Stamp Act Congress, 46
Standish, Myles, 2
Stanton, Edwin M., 163, 170, 171, 173, 182, 184, 196, 202, 229, 230
Stark, 587
Stark, Harold R., 370, 380
“The Star-Spangled Banner,” 104
State Department, 289, 301, 443, 454, 488, 499, 545, 589, 614, 625, 628, 630
Statement of a Proper Military Policy for the United States (1915), 306
Steamships, 109, 110, 114–17, 135, 147, 198–99, 220–21, 237, 283
Steel ships, 237, 238, 241
STEEL TIGER, 517, 521
Stennis, John, 570
Stephens, Alexander H., 147
Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm von, 64, 65
Stevens, Robert L., 116, 117
Stewart, Alexander, 69