Descent into Hell
Page 85
15 Stahl, F. E., Autobiography of a P.W,(J) p. 49.
16 Stahl, Tanbaya War Diary.
17 Stahl, F. E., Autobiography of a P.W,(J) pp. 48–9.
18 ibid. p. 49.
19 Hunt, Appendix D, Tanbaya War Diary.
20 ibid.
21 AWM 54 554/2/1C Report on Conditions, Life and Work of POWs in Burma and Siam 1942–1945, submitted by C.A. McEachern, Brig. RAA, Senior Ex PW Siam.
22 Stahl, F. E., Autobiography of a P.W,(J) p. 51.
23 Allan S. Walker, Australia In The War of 1939–1945, Medical Series, Middle East and Far East, p. 604.
24 Menz Diary.
25 Kratoska, Paul, The Thailand–Burma Railway, 1942–1946: Documents and Selected Writings, p. 37.
26 ibid.
27 Menz Diary.
28 ibid.
29 Stan Arneil, One Man’s War, p. 149.
30 ibid.
31 Curlewis Diary, 22 November 1943.
32 ibid. 25 November 1943.
33 Barnett Diary, 2 December 1943.
34 Meakin, quoted in Don Wall, Heroes of F Force, p. 126.
35 A. W. Penfold, W. C. Baylis, K. E. Crispin, Galleghan’s Greyhounds, p. 317.
36 Stan Arneil, Black Jack, The Life and Times of Brigadier Sir Frederick Galleghan, p. 122.
37 ibid. p. 123.
38 Broadcast by Bruce Hunt, from Singapore Radio about 9 September 1945, quoted in Don Wall, Heroes of F Force, p. ix.
39 Couch, in Don Wall, Heroes of F Force, p. 132.
PART V SINGAPORE
31 RECKONING
1 Winston Churchill, The Second World War, Vol. IV, p. 81.
2 Karl Hack and Kevin Blackburn, DidSingapore Have To Fall?, Churchillandthe impregnable fortress, p. 183.
3 ibid. pp. 183–4.
4 ibid. p. 184.
5 General H. Gordon Bennett, Why Singapore Fell, p. 198.
6 AWM, 3DRL 6224, Hetherington Papers, Rowell to Hetherington 13 July 1971.
7 Long quoted in Hetherington, Blamey, Controversial Soldier, p. 343.
8 General H. Gordon Bennett, Why Singapore Fell, p. 217.
9 ibid. pp. 217–18.
10 Quoted in Lodge, The Fall of General Gordon Bennett, p. 202.
11 ibid.
12 S. F. Rowell, Full Circle, pp. 104–5.
13 Legg, Frank, The Gordon Bennett Story: From Gallipoli to Singapore, p. 274.
14 ibid. p. 275.
15 Quoted in Lodge, The Fall of General Gordon Bennett, p. 247.
16 ibid. p. 248.
17 ibid. p. 34.
18 ibid. p. 42.
19 Lodge, The Fall of General Gordon Bennett, pp. 42–3.
20 Lodge, The Fall of General Gordon Bennett, p. 252; and Legg, Frank, The Gordon Bennett Story: From Gallipoli to Singapore, p. 279.
21 Lodge, The Fall of General Gordon Bennett, p. 252.
22 ibid. p. 260.
23 Clisby, Mark, Guilty or Innocent?, The Gordon Bennett Case, p. 26.
24 Quoted in Wigmore, The Japanese Thrust, p. 651.
25 Clisby, Mark, Guilty or Innocent?, The Gordon Bennett Case, p. 47.
26 ibid. p. 53.
27 ibid. p. 108.
28 ibid. p. 109.
29 Clisby, Mark, Guilty or Innocent?, The Gordon Bennett Case, p. 109.
30 ibid. pp. 113–14.
31 Morrison, Ian, Malayan Postscript, pp. 157–8.
32 Kent Hughes Papers, National Library of Australia, MS 4856/2/10, Box 3, Series 2, Folder 10, Correspondence with Gordon Bennett: 1942 to 1968.
33 AWM 54 553/5/23, Operations of 8 Aust Division in Malaya 1941–1942, Colonel J. H. Thyer, Introduction Part 1. p.v.
34 ibid. p. 191.
35 ibid.
36 ibid.
37 AWM 54 553/5/23, Operations of 8 Aust Division in Malaya 1941–1942, Colonel J. H. Thyer, p. 193.
38 ibid.
39 AWM 113 4/1/11 Part 2, Hopkins to Treloar 5 January 1951.
40 AWM 113 4/1/11 Part 2.
41 ibid.
42 AWM 93 50/2/23/542, Records of the War of 1939–45, The Hon. W. Kent Hughes, Kent Hughes to Rowell, 10 August 1953.
43 AWM 113 4/1/11 Part 3.
44 ibid.
45 ibid.
46 AWM 113 4/1/11 Part 2.
47 Lodge, The Fall of General Gordon Bennett, p. 299.
48 ibid. p. 306.
49 Kent Hughes Papers, National Library of Australia, MS 4856/2/10, Box 3, Series 2, Folder 10, Correspondence with Gordon Bennett: 1942 to 1968.
50 Alan Warren, Singapore 1942, Britain’s Greatest Defeat, pp. 274–7.
51 Peter Elphick, Singapore: The Pregnable Fortress, p. 363.
52 ibid.
53 Karl Hack and Kevin Blackburn, DidSingapore Have To Fall?, Churchillandthe impregnable fortress, p. 158.
54 Gordon Bennett Papers: Mitchell Library, ML MSS 807/2–5: Correspondence: 1924 to 1961.
55 Kinvig, Scapegoat, General Percival of Singapore, p. 238.
56 ibid.
57 ibid. pp. 238–41.
58 Newton, R. W., The Grim Glory of the 2/19 Battalion AIF, p. 643.
59 ibid. p. 644.
60 Alan Warren, Singapore 1942, Britain’s Greatest Defeat, p. 292.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AUSTRALIAN WAR MEMORIAL, CANBERRA
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554/11/38 Notes by Colonel J.H. Thyer and Colonel C.H. Kappe on the departure of General Gordon Bennett, from Malaya, and conditions in Changi POW Camp during prisoner of war period
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Item 46, Notes of interviews Lionel Wigmore with Brigadier Taylor, August 1949; Brigadier Rourke, June 1952; Brigadier Mawwell, December 1946
Item 51, Notes of interview with Major-General F. Galleghan, 1 February 1950
Item 59, Extracts from a letter from Wilfred Kent Hughes to McBride (AWM) 24 January 1952
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AWM 93
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50/2/23/280 Brigadier W.C.D. Veale
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UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS AND PAPERS
Blackburn, Brigadier Arthur, a copy of his Diary in captivity, 1942–44, most kindly lent to the author by his biographer, Andrew Faulkner, 14 December 2008
Brand, Captain V., Section of Diary concerning his service at Tamarompat, Thai–Burma Railway, (copy given to the author by Mr Bob Christie, 2/29th Battalion Association, October 2006)
Ellerman, Lieutenant Austin, 2/29th Battalion, a copy of his reminiscences, kindly given to the author by his son, Andrew Ellerman, 26 February 2008
Haynes, Gunner Richard, 2/10th Field Regiment, a three-part account of his experiences of the fall of Singapore; Changi and various work parties, and the Thai–Burma Railway. This document was most kindly given to the author by historian Janet Uhr in Canberra on 6 April 2010
Lancaster, W.E., Straits Settlements Volunteer Forces, an account of his time in action and as a POW. The original exercise books kindly lent to the author by his widow, Mrs Kathie Lancaster, 17 March 2007
McNamara, H.J., Nor All Thy Tears
Menz, Captain A. (Alf ), 8th Australian Division Provost Company, Diary, copy most kindly lent to the author, by his sister, Muriel Yates 10 March 2007
Nimbs, E.G. (Joe), Survival Changi (copy and original diaries kindly given to the author by his son, Joe Nimbs)
Pond, Lieutenant-Colonel S.A.F., (the following material kindly given to the author by Mr Bob Christie, 2/29th Battalion Association, October 2006):
Report on F Force Working Party In Thailand
Written evidence for the War Crimes Trial of Captain Murayama
General notes taken from Pond’s Diary kept while POW, with some additional comments
INTERVIEWS
Baker, Sergeant F.J. (Frank), 2/20th Battalion, Sydney, 9 January, 10 January 2006
Barron, Private W.V., 2/19th Battalion, Sydney, 30 September 2004
Beattie, Rod., Historian and Manager of Commonwealth War Graves, Kanchanaburi, Thailand, interview Kanchanaburi, 13 January 2008
Boehm, Private J.W., 2/29th Battalion, Barwon Heads, Geelong, 28 December, 29 December 2005
Brand, Captain V., 2/29th Battalion, Melbourne, 5 January 2005
Christie, Corporal R.W., 2/29th Battalion, Melbourne, 4 January, 5 January, 6 January 2005, 6 January 2006, 10 October, 11 October 2006
Clarke, Private L.G. (Leo), 2/29th Battalion, Barwon Heads, Geelong, Victoria, 28 December 2005
Coffee, Private J., 2/29th Battalion, Melbourne, 9 October 2006
de Loas, Sergeant R., 2/19th Battalion, Bomaderry, New South Wales, 13 January 2005
Donaldson, Sergeant Bert, 2/19th Battalion, Temora, New South Wales, 8 October 2005
Edwards, Private C.A. (Charles), 2/19th Battalion, Melbourne, 17 February 2007
Farlow, Lance-Corporal C., 2/19th Battalion, Hay, New South Wales, 17 January 2005
Farr, Lieutenant A. I., 2/30th Battalion, Sydney, 17 April 2007
Forbes, Sergeant J., 2/19th Battalion, Sydney, 20 April 2005
Glossop, Private V.E., 2/29th Battalion, Melbourne, 10 October, 2006
Gooley, Private L.W., 8th Division Ammunition Sub Park, Adelaide, 18 July 2005
Grant, Private R.L., 2/19th Battalion, Sydney, 2 October 2004
Halloran, Private A.J., (Gus), 2/19th Battalion, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, 29 September 2004, 18 April, 19 April 2005
Harvey, Sergeant C., 2/19th Battalion, Sydney, 4 October 2004
Howard, Lieutenant J.A., 2/19th Battalion, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, 28 September, 29 September 2004
Isaac, Corporal Arthur, 2/30th Battalion, Sydney, 17 April 2007
Kennedy, Corporal J., 2/29th Battalion, Albury, New South Wales, 10 January, 5 October, 6 October, 7 October, 2005
Kerr, Gunner Jim, 4th Anti-Tank Regiment, Melbourne, 20 April 2007
Ling, Private J.M., 8th Division Signals, Sydney, 14 July, 15 July 2006
Mettam, Warrant Officer 2 Bert, 2/29th Battalion, Adelaide, 6 March, August 2005, 22 October 2006, 22 July 2007
Moses, Sir Charles, 8th Division Headquarters, interviews by Neil McDonald, Sydney, 6 February 1985, 22 August 1986, copies kindly given to the author by Neil McDonald, October 2004 and January 2010
O’Toole, Private L.J. (Paddy), 2/29th Battalion, Melbourne, 4 January, 5 January, 6 January 2006
Parkes, John, 8th Division Signals, Sydney, 14 July 2006
Patterson, Private W.G., 8th Division Ammunition Sub Park, Adelaide, 18 July 2005
Pearson, Private A.T., 2/19th Battalion, Sydney, 1 October 2004
Perceval, Private R.L., 2/19th Battalion, Temora, New South Wales, 14 January 2005
Piggott, Private R.P., 2/19th Battalion, Sydney, 3 October 2004
Richards, Captain Rowley, RMO 2/15th Field Regiment, Sydney, 16 April 2007
Riley, Private Neville, 2/30th Battalion, Sydney, 17 April 2007
Roxburgh, Lance-Corporal J., 2/29th Battalion, Albury, New South Wales, 10 January 2005, 5 October, 6 October, 7 October 2005
Sanderson, Private J., 2/19th Battalion, Sydney, 4 October 2004, 22 April 2005
Sizeland, Private F.J.R. (Fred), 2/29th Battalion, Geelong, Victoria, 28 December 2005
Stanton, Private R., 2/19th Battalion, Bega, New South Wales, 12 January 2005
Stewart, Private J.T., 2/19th Battalion, Sydney, 1 October 2004, 12 July, 13 July 2006
Thompson, Warrant Officer 2 S.W., 2/19th Battalion, Sydney, 1987, interview by Ivan Chapman, copy most kindly given to the author by Neil McDonald, October 2004
Webb, Dr Mark, interview Adelaide, 17 November 2006
Williams, Private W., (Wal), 2/19th Battalion, Sydney, 30 September 2004, 22 April, 23 April, 24 April 2005
CORRESPONDENCE: DIARIES, QUESTIONNAIRES, LETTERS, TAPES
Browning, Neville, Historian, 2/4th Machine Gun Battalion, copies of letters June 1984 from A.J. Gough, 2/4th Machine Gun Battalion to Historian Don Wall
Christie, Corporal R.W., 2/29th Battalion, letter from Melbourne, 2 November 2006; letter, July 2007
Edwards, Private Charles, letter from Melbourne, 11 March 2008
Halloran, Private A.J., copy of F Force Report, from Sydney, 5 July 2007
Ling, Private J.M., 8th Division Signals, letter from Sydney, July 2007
Richards, Dr R., questionnaire reply, received from Sydney, 17 August 2007
Roxburgh, Lance-Corporal J., 2/29th Battalion, Diary written shortly after the end of the war. Copy most kindly given to the author, January 2005
Williams, Private W., (Wal), 2/19th Battalion, letter from Sydney, 22 December 2004
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