Leadership

by Doris Kearns Goodwin

  “it was a run . . . take money out”: Olean [NY] Times Herald, March 15, 1933.

  “City Recovers Confidence”: Chicago Tribune, May 14, 1933, quoted in William L. Silber, “Why Did FDR’s Bank Holiday Succeed?,” Federal Reserve Bank of New York Economic Policy Review (July 2009), p. 27.

  “Rush to Put . . . as Holiday Ends”: NYT, March 14, 1933.

  “an entirely different . . . day and night”: San Antonio Express, March 15, 1933.

  15 percent jump: Silber, “Why Did FDR’s Bank Holiday Succeed?,” p. 27.

  “as one of . . . in U.S. history”: Kiewe, FDR’s First Fireside Chat, p. 9.

  “The process of recovery . . . sore spots”: FDR, “Introduction,” 1933, PPA, 2:3–4.

  “for a whole generation . . . special privilege”: FDR, On Our Way, pp. 35, x.

  “new order . . . business men”: FDR, “Introduction,” PPA, 2:5.

  “a vocal minority . . . permanent well-being”: Ibid., PPA, 2:6.

  “Roosevelt looked . . . here right now”: Moley, After Seven Years, p. 189.

  “In the same spirit . . . ourselves back to prosperity”: FDR, “The Second ‘Fireside Chat’—‘What We Have Been Doing and What We Are Planning to Do,’ ” May 7, 1933, PPA, 2:160, 164.

  “on sounder foundations and on sounder lines”: FDR, “Introduction,” 1933, PPA, 2:6.

  “his general attitude . . . mattered”: Perkins, The Roosevelt I Knew, p. 165.

  “little in the way of precedent”: FDR, “Three Essentials for Unemployment Relief (C.C.C., F.E.R.A., P.W.A.),” March 21, 1933, PPA, 2:82.

  “We have new . . . to an old institution?”: Schlesinger, The Coming of the New Deal, p. 534.

  “the alphabet soup”: See Tonya Bolden, FDR’s Alphabet Soup: New Deal America, 1932–1939 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2010).

  “every now and then . . . knowledge and understanding”: Fred I. Greenstein, The Presidential Difference: Leadership Styles from FDR to Clinton (New York: Free Press, 2000), p. 24.

  “an opportunity to make their own way”: NYT, March 21, 1933.

  “a sad state of neglect”: FDR, “Three Essentials for Unemployment Relief (C.C.C., F.E.R.A., P.W.A.),” March 21, 1933, PPA, 2:80, note.

  “a moral and spiritual value”: Ibid., p. 81.

  “a pipedream”: Cohen, Nothing to Fear, p. 210.

  “a month . . . Good”: Ibid., p. 219.

  “Do it now and I won’t take any excuses”: Alter, The Defining Moment, p. 293.

  “It was characteristic . . . about the details”: Cohen, Nothing to Fear, p. 209.

  “He put the dynamite . . . their own methods”: Alter, The Defining Moment, p. 293.

  “the most rapid . . . in our history”: FDR, “The Civilian Conservation Corps Is Started. Executive Order No. 6101,” April 5, 1933, PPA, 2:110, note.

  A cadre of talented officers . . . Marshall: Schlesinger, The Coming of the New Deal, p. 339.

  camps to accommodate . . . the Spanish-American War: Cohen, Nothing to Fear, p. 225.

  “a place in the world”: FDR, “Three Essentials for Unemployment Relief (C.C.C., F.E.R.A., P.W.A.),” March 21, 1933, PPA, 2:81, note.

  “I weighed about 160 . . . a man of me all right”: Schlesinger, The Coming of the New Deal, p. 339.

  “a panacea”: FDR, “Three Essentials for Unemployment Relief,” March 21, 1933, PPA, 2:80.

  “has a general plan . . . thrown for a loss”: FDR, “The Thirteenth Press Conference,” April 19, 1933, PPA, 2:139.

  “ideas and arguments . . . discussed and debated”: Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 63.

  “There is . . . than the next man”: Schlesinger, The Coming of the New Deal, pp. 534–35.

  “inherently disorderly nature”: Ibid., p. 535.

  “The maintenance of . . . Roosevelt’s time”: Tully, F.D.R. My Boss, p. 170.

  “hand-holding . . . inadvertently caused”: Schlesinger, The Coming of the New Deal, p. 540.

  “In a quieter time . . . leeway and reward”: Ibid., p. 536.

  “Honest Harold”: Harold Ickes, The Autobiography of a Curmudgeon (New York: Quadrangle, 1969), p. x.

  “a chain smoker . . . coffee drinker”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 29.

  “the shabbiest building in Washington”: Cohen, Nothing to Fear, p. 268.

  “the same shirt three or four days at a time”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 29.

  “the physical, mental and spiritual suffering”: NYT, Nov. 19, 1933.

  “People don’t eat . . . eat every day”: Cohen, Nothing to Fear, pp. 267–68.

  “rehabilitated” . . . grateful community: Perkins, The Roosevelt I Knew, p. 179.

  “the unaffected simplicity . . . the help of his valet”: Aug. 23, 1935, in Harold L. Ickes, The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes: The First Thousand Days, 1933–36 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1953), Vol. 1, p. 423.

  “What could a man do . . . President like that”: Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., The Age of Roosevelt: The Politics of Upheaval, 1935–36 (New York: Mariner, 2003), p. 351.

  Long-smoldering antagonisms eventually ignited in public view: NYT, Sept. 11, 1935.

  “make-work”: Cohen, Nothing to Fear, p. 112.

  “leaf raking”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 71.

  “high cheer . . . he went fishing”: Oct. 27, 1935, in Ickes, The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes, Vol. 1, p. 449.

  “a perfectly grand time . . . really rested”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 79.

  “Buried at Sea”: Ibid., pp. 78–79.

  Roosevelt repeatedly counseled his aides: Schlesinger, The Coming of the New Deal, p. 525.

  “Go and see what’s happening . . . wind in your nose”: Ibid.

  “new and untried”: FDR, “New Means to Rescue Agriculture—The Agricultural Adjustment Act,” March 16, 1933, PPA, 2:77, note.

  “like a combine eating up grain”: Asbell, The F.D.R. Memoirs, p. 84.

  Daily Bugle . . . clippings: Stiles, The Man behind Roosevelt, p. 249.

  “may be set apart . . . the country”: ER, radio speech for Pond’s Co. (March 3, 1933), ER, Speeches and Articles, Box 3, FDRL.

  “the unvarnished truth”: Richard Lowitt and Maurine Beasley, eds., One Third of a Nation: Lorena Hickok Reports on the Great Depression (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000), p. xxiii.

  “will o’ the wisp”: Elliott Roosevelt and James Brough, A Rendezvous with Destiny: The Roosevelts in the White House (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1975), p. 71.

  “an uninterrupted meal . . . not dulled by repetition”: ER, This I Remember, p. 125.

  “She saw many things . . . off onto the president”: Frances Perkins Interview, Graff Papers, FDRL.

  “My missus says . . . last week”: Perkins, The Roosevelt I Knew, p. 70.

  “Why do you dump . . . the country starving?”: Lash, Eleanor and Franklin, pp. 383–84.

  “In the course . . . is humanly possible”: FDR, “Informal Extemporaneous Remarks to the New Jersey State Emergency Council,” Jan. 18, 1936, PPA, 5:60.

  “I learned to prepare . . . preferably one page”: Perkins, The Roosevelt I Knew, p. 153.

  “I do not deny . . . but for the team”: FDR, “The Second ‘Fireside Chat’: What We Have Been Doing and What We Are Planning to Do,” May 7, 1933, PPA, 2:165.

  “You and I know . . . up go ahead”: Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 36.

  “old abuses”: FDR, “Introduction,” PPA, 2:4.

  “to guard investors . . . was a necessity”: FDR, On Our Way, p. 44.

  “draconian”: Cohen, Nothing to Fear, p. 151.

  “unworkable . . . the constrictions”: Moley, The First New Deal, p. 315.

  to extend federal regulation: Joplin Globe (Missouri), March 30, 1933.

  “cop on their corner”: Schlesinger, The Coming of the New Deal, p. 464.

  “more highly organized drive” . . . “terrible” years that followed the crash: “The Pre
sident insisted upon Federal Supervision of the Sale of Securities,” March 26, 1934, PPA, 4:169.

  “It won’t work . . . on deposit insurance”: Cohen, Nothing to Fear, p. 277.

  Over 90 percent of banks: Graham and Wander, eds., Franklin D. Roosevelt, p. 132.

  within five years deposits had increased by nearly 50 percent: Anthony J. Mayo and Nitin Nohria, In Their Time: The Greatest Business Leaders of the Twentieth Century (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Business Review Press, 2005), p. 108.

  “federal insurance . . . monetary stability”: Milton Friedman and Anna J. Schwartz, quoted in Moley, The First New Deal, p. 320.

  “We have to do . . . as we go along”: Perkins, The Roosevelt I Knew, p. 156.

  “a real artist in government”: Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins, p. 73.

  “worked with . . . the next evolved”: Perkins, The Roosevelt I Knew, p. 155.

  “this spirit of teamwork . . . in record time”: FDR, “A Letter of Appreciation to the Congress,” June 16, 1933, PPA, 2:256.

  “a psychological target to lift sights”: Irving Holley Jr., Buying Aircraft: Materiel Procurement for the Armed Forces (Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1964), p. 228.

  “something about . . . fits into the picture”: NYT, Feb. 24, 1942.

  “were taken into . . . the right course”: Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 92.

  CHAPTER TWELVE

  Visionary Leadership: Lyndon Johnson and Civil Rights

  “Everything was in chaos”: Caro, The Passage of Power, p. 353.

  “The times cried . . . been disastrous”: LBJ, VP, pp. 12, 18.

  “We were all spinning . . . I was that man”: Ibid., p. 172.

  “I know how much . . . does our country”: Goldman, The Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson, p. 26.

  “I knew how they felt . . . on the inside”: DKG/LBJ Conversations.

  “There is much . . . teach me”: Walter Heller, quoted in Evans and Novak, Lyndon B. Johnson, p. 360.

  “Spend the night with me”: Discussion with Harry McPherson and Jack Valenti, “Achilles in the White House,” Wilson Quarterly (Spring 2000), p. 90.

  “the new president . . . got nowhere before”: Jack Valenti, “Lyndon Johnson: An Awesome Engine of a Man,” in Thomas W. Cowger and Sherwin J. Markman, eds., Lyndon Johnson Remembered: An Intimate Portrait of a Presidency (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003), p. 37.

  “That’s what we’re here for”: Caro, The Path to Power, p. 82.

  “That whole night . . . very formidable”: Merle Miller, Lyndon, p. 325.

  “He knew. . . him—or not”: Caro, The Passage of Power, p. 426.

  “reason to wonder . . . to the Republic”: LBJ, VP, p. 3.

  “while accomplishing practically nothing”: Life, Dec. 13, 1963, p. 4.

  “developing into a national crisis”: LBJ, VP, p. 21.

  “If any sense were . . . process to function”: Ibid., p. 35.

  “a sympathetic atmosphere”: Caro, The Passage of Power, p. 435.

  “dead man’s program into a martyr’s cause”: DKG/LBJ Conversations.

  “At one point . . . hell’s the presidency for?”: Merle Miller, Lyndon, p. 337.

  “All that I have . . . I ask your help”: LBJ, “Address before the Joint Session of Congress,” Nov. 27, 1963, PPP, 1:8–10.

  “modeled . . . Roosevelt”: San Antonio Express, Dec. 1, 1963.

  “for action, and action now . . . dark hour”: FDR, Inaugural Address, March 4, 1933, PPA, 2:12, 11.

  “we can . . . act now”: LBJ, “Address before the Joint Session of Congress,” Nov. 27, 1963, PPP, 1:9.

  “It was a remarkable performance . . . get results”: Anniston Star (Ala.), Dec. 1, 1963.

  “LEADERSHIP IN GOOD HANDS”: Sheboygan Press (Wisc.), Nov. 29, 1963.

  “JOHNSON EMERGES GRAVE AND STRONG”: Caro, The Passage of Power, p. 433.

  “NEW CHIEF MET THE TEST”: Anniston Star (Ala.), Dec. 1, 1963.

  Theodore Sorensen disagreed with this order of battle: PRLBJ, Vol. 2, pp. 38–39.

  “magic” line: Ibid., p. 123.

  “Harry, why don’t you . . . of your wisdom”: Caro, The Passage of Power, p. 475.

  potato soup: Ibid., p. 476.

  vanilla ice cream: Jack Valenti, A Very Human President (New York: Pocket Books, 1977), p. 153.

  “Harry, that tax cut . . . enough of you”: Ibid., pp. 153–54.

  no fat left: PRLBJ, Vol. 1: pp. 167–68.

  “Unless you get . . . pee one drop”: Caro, The Passage of Power, p. 423.

  “I worked as hard . . . lives of every American”: LBJ, VP, p. 36.

  “Lightbulb Lyndon”: Globe Gazette (Mason City, Iowa), Aug. 17, 1964.

  “You can tell your grandchildren . . . President to cut his budget”: Caro, The Passage of Power, p. 482.

  “they just procrastinate . . . shimmy around”: PRLBJ, Vol. 2, p. 371.

  “No detail of the legislative . . . drive, drive, drive”: Edwards, The Strategic President, p. 122.

  “Are they working any at night?”: PRLBJ, Vol. 3, p. 855.

  “Oh that’s wonderful, I love you”: Ibid., p. 878.

  “There’s a crew . . . get the job done”: Ibid., p. 886.

  “open the floodgates”: PRLBJ, Vol. 4, p. 159.

  “look with very . . . around the world”: PRLBJ, Vol. 2, p. 373.

  Wilbur Mills: PRLBJ, Vol. 4, pp. 291–96.

  “a gentleman and a scholar, and a producer”: Dallek, Flawed Giant, p. 74.

  “more easily influenced” . . . “than any other way”: Phillips, Lincoln on Leadership, p. 158.

  “He shouldn’t give . . . nothing I could say to Gene”: LBJ, VP, pp. 153–54.

  “You know, John . . . change it by law”: Merle Miller, Lyndon, p. 367.

  “go squat . . . the field to pee”: Nick Kotz, Judgment Days: Lyndon Baines Johnson, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Laws That Changed America (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2005), p. 22.

  “My strength as President . . . to that office”: LBJ, VP, p. 157.

  “It was destined . . . friends for years”: Ibid., p. 37.

  “there comes a time . . . this vital measure”: Ibid., p. 38.

  “every ounce of strength”: Ibid., p. 157.

  “struck by the enormous . . . deep convictions”: Caro, The Passage of Power, p. 90.

  “the depth of his concern”: NYT, Dec. 3, 1963.

  “it just might . . . John Kennedy couldn’t”: Caro, The Passage of Power, p. 491.

  “a mighty hard route”: Ibid., p. 490.

  “piddle along” . . . Congress to adjourn: PRLBJ, Vol. 1, p. 381.

  “Johnson treatment”: Merle Miller, Lyndon, p. 411.

  “every friend to sign that . . . be thinking about it”: PRLBJ, Vol. 1, p. 301.

  “If I’ve done anything wrong . . . to work together”: Todd S. Purdum, An Idea Whose Time Has Come: Two Presidents, Two Parties, and the Battle for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (New York: Henry Holt, 2015), p. 176.

  “if there’s ever a time” . . . is the time: PRLBJ, Vol. 1, p. 263.

  “They’ll be saying . . . violate procedure”: Purdum, An Idea Whose Time Has Come, p. 164.

  “Just say that . . . a right to a hearing”: PRLBJ, Vol. 1, p. 71.

  “You’re either for . . . put up or shut up!”: Ibid., p. 382.

  “Point them up . . . humanity a fair shake”: PRLBJ, Vol. 2, p. 43.

  “Friend or Foe”: William Pool, Dec. 8, 1963.

  “Let the members . . . and historical challenge”: Ibid.

  “I don’t want to run . . . but . . .”: Purdum, An Idea Whose Time Has Come, p. 166.

  “the indignity . . . responsibility for the bill”: NYT, Dec. 8, 1963.

  “to some people . . . the people to do it”: LBJ, VP, p. 28.

  “I knew that the slightest . . . the bill to death”: Ibid., p. 157.

  “Dick, I love you . . . to gladly do it”: Discussion with Harry McPh
erson and Jack Valenti, “Achilles in the White House,” Wilson Quarterly (Spring 2000), p. 94.

  “These few words . . . entire struggle”: LBJ, VP, p. 157.

  “It’s too late in life for me to change”: William E. Leuchtenburg, The White House Looks South: Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Lyndon B. Johnson (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2005), p. 303.

  “old hostilities . . . every section of this country”: LBJ, “Remarks in Atlanta at a Breakfast of the Georgia Legislature,” May 8, 1964, PPP, 1:648.

  “would have beaten . . . Johnson does”: NYT, Jan. 12, 1964.

  “it would be a fight . . . appeasement or attrition”: LBJ, VP, p. 15.

  “to talk the bill to death”: Lake Charles American Press [La.], April 7, 1964.

  “off making speeches . . . between the boards”: Merle Miller, Lyndon, p. 368.

  “a corporal’s guard”: Kotz, Judgment Days, p. 122.

  “recognizing that . . . part of the time”: Robert D. Loevy, ed., The Civil Rights Act of 1964: The Passage of the Law That Ended Racial Segregation (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997), p. 82.

  “Attention please!” . . . quorum call in twenty-three minutes: Ibid., p. 68.

  “that without Republican . . . Everett Dirksen”: DKG/LBJ Conversations.

  “The bill can’t pass . . . listen to Dirksen!”: Kotz, Judgment Days, p. 115.

  “unless we have . . . this goddamn country”: PRLBJ, Vol. 6, p. 696.

  “I think you’re all going . . . going to help him”: PRLBJ, Vol. 3, p. 192.

  “a laundry list”: Kotz, Judgment Days, p. 117.

  “I saw your exhibit . . . proper credit”: PRLBJ, Vol. 6, p. 662.

  “if you come with me . . . and Everett Dirksen!”: Joseph A. Califano Jr., The Triumph & Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson: The White House Years (New York: Touchstone, 2015), p. xxvi.

  “dangerous game”: Kotz, Judgment Days, p. 136.

  “We’ve got a much better bill . . . possible”: PRLBJ, Vol. 6, p. 696.

  “Stronger than an Army . . . time has come”: Jefferson City Daily Capital News (Missouri), May 20, 1964.

  “I say to my colleagues . . . 1964 our freedom year”: Purdum, An Idea Whose Time Has Come, p. 316.

  “I guess that means ‘aye’ ”: Richard A. Arenberg and Robert B. Dove, Defending the Filibuster: The Soul of the Senate (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2012), p. 65.