Zibaldone

by Leopardi, Giacomo

  Doing. See Writing.

  Domestic life. 3676,1.

  Donna, that is signora; gallantry of this word, etc. etc. 4053,3. 4144,3.

  Doubt. Skepticism. 1392,1. 1771,1. 1655,2.

  Drama. 810,1. 2313,1. 2361,1. 2804,1. 3042–4. 3120. 3122. 3163–6. 3448,1. 3482,1. 3548,2. 3095,2. 3604,1. 4234,5. 4255,6. See Comedy. Comic writers. Chorus. Tragedies. Theaters, etc.

  Dreams. 516,1.

  Drunkenness. 109,3. 152,1. 1581,1. 1975,1. 3835,1. 3924–5. 4079,1. See Wine.

  Du Cange. Note about his Latin Glossary, to be seen when it needs citing. 1504,1.

  Duties, moral. 118,3. 208,3. 223,2. 249,2. 342,2. 356,1. 360,1.2. 363,1. 452,1. 581. 661,1. 1183,2. 1458,1. 1461,1. 1623,3. 1624,1. 1637,1. 1709,1. 1710,1. 1740,1. 1794,1. 1840,1. 1879,2. 1932,2. 2028,2. 2252,1. 2263,2. 2386,2. 2395,1. 2625,1. 2644,1. 2660,1.2. 2672,3. 2759,2. 3073,1. 3115,1. 3349,2. 3365,1. 3420,1. 3430,2. 3773,1. 3915–20. 4247,1. 4290,1.

  E

  Ease, etc., in society, impossible for anyone who thinks. 1062,2.

  Easterners. 926,1. 950,1. 986,2. 1285,1. 1830,1. 1846,1. 1823,1.[1859.2?] 2007. 2173,1. 2404,1. 2615. 2746,1. 3543,2. 3959. 4290,2. Probably the first to be civilized. 2500,1. Their life, and that of Southerners, shorter and more alive than others’; to be preferred from the point of view of happiness. 4062,5. See Bible. Jews, etc.

  Eating alone. Shameful in the eyes of the ancients. Argument in favor. 4183,2.

  Eating and talking among the ancients and the English. 4183,2.

  Echo. 1929.

  Editions, get better and better as the style, etc., gets worse. 4268,7.

  Education. Teaching. 614,1. 643,2. 668. 1372,1. 1387,2. 1401,1. 1436,1. 1472,2. 1540,1–1543,1. 1553,1. 1572,3. 1586,1. 1646,1. 1653,1. 1718,1. 1770,3. 1863,1. 1903,1. 1940,1. 1973,1. 1990,1. 2156,1. 2162,1. 2164,1. 2132,1. 2184,1. 2228,1. 2378,1. 2390,1. 2400,1. 2401,1. 2523,2. 2596,1. 2645,2. 2862,1. 3078,1. 3265,1. 3271,1. 3291,1. 3345,1. 3440,1. 3446,1. 3482, margin. 3684,1. 3839,1. 3902,5. 3950,2. 4037,6. 4070,1. 4103,6. 4180,3. 4195–6. 4226,4. 4241,3. 4254,4. 4259,5. 4261,2. 4266,1. 4274,2. 4275,1. 4280,1. 4283,2. 4287,1. 4289,1.

  Educators, will never be persuaded that teaching cannot make up for experience in young people. 1939,1. See Governors.

  Egoism. 463,2. 523,3. 536,3. 669,1. 894ff. 898. 930,1. 978,1. 1100,1. 1563,1. 1594,2. 1596,1. 1648,1. 1723,1. 1724,1. 1823,1. 1824,2. 1913,1. 2273, margin. 2292,1. 2429,1. 2436,1. 2473,1. 2677,1. 3107,1. 3291,1. 3314,1. 3361,2. 3435,1. 3471,1. 3480,1. 4127,9. Not unpleasing in the weak. 3555. Definition of egoism. 3291,1. 3314,1. 3361,2. See Compassion. Charity. Egoism of fear. See Fear.

  Elegance in writing. 1312,2. 1323ff. 1336,2. 1434,1. 1435,1. 1456,2. 1579,3. 1806,3. 1845,1. 1900,2. 1916,1. 1917,2. 1937,1. 2012,2. 2075,1. 2130,2. 2357. 2418–9. 2500,2. 2578,2. 2639,1. 2661,2. 2700,1. 2836,2. 3633,1. 3863,2. 3866,1. 4066,1. 4214,3. 4216,1.

  Eloquence. 359,2.

  Eloquence in Lyric poetry. 23,5.

  Emperors, among the Romans, why they were called such, rather than Kings. 2487,1.

  Emulation, military, ancient and modern. 1842,1.

  Encyclopedic. It is necessary to possess this quality, in order to be perfect in any discipline. 1922,1.

  End, or Supreme good of man. Why so much disagreement between philosophers concerning it. 4168,3. 4228,1.

  Ends. Usefulness in life of setting oneself small and simple goals, to work toward daily. 4249,5. 4266,1.

  Ends of nature, of man, of existence, etc., what they are. 4127,9. 4133,2. 4168,3. 4169,1. 4174,1. 4228,1.

  English. Their poetry, literature, language, character, etc. etc. 986,2. 1011,2. 1028,5. 1043,1. 1045,2. 1048. 1420,1. 1850. 1954–5–6. 2062,1. 2084. 2399. 2875,1. 3366,1. 3400,1. 3816,5. 4031,1. 4183. 4261,2. See Ossian, Byron, Celtic (language). Curious case of the English way of pronouncing Latin. 4273,2.

  Enthusiasm. 257,2. 280,3. 714,1. 1165,2. 1975,1. 2610,1. 3269,1. 3382,2. 3352,2.[3552,2.]

  Envy. 45,1. 73,1. 197,1. 204,1. 206,1. 233,2. 302,3. 453,2. 1164,1. 1201,1. 1291,1. 1669,2. 1675,1. 1723,1. 1724,1. 1740,1.

  Envy felt by the divinities toward human prosperity, according to the ancients. 2365,2. 2388. 2683,2. 3342,1. 3638,3. See Christianity, teaches the nothingness of life.

  Epic. 54,1. 285,2. 288,1. 470,2. 661,3. 800,1. 1671,1. 1691,2. 1847,2. 2361,1. 2608,3. 2645,2. 2759,2. 2976,1. 3095,2. 3289,3. 3448,1. 3482,1. 3548,2. 4234,5. 4255,6. 4270.

  Epithets in Homer. 1449,1. 2791. Reason for the epithet βοῶπις. 2546,1. Multiplying epithets without conjunctions. 2791.

  Equality, social. 911,1. 975,1. 3778,1. 3806,1.

  Errors. Abuses. Great discoveries, great benefits brought to the human race by philosophers, etc., consist for the most part in the destruction of errors, or the correction of abuses. 2705,3.–2712,1.

  Esteem in which men of intelligence are held. 263,2. 455,1. 3183,1. 4153,5.

  Etruscan (language): 1138,2. 4152,4.

  Etymologies (study and science of). 1263,2. 1504,2. 3621,3. 3762,1. 3831. 3897,1. 3940,1. 3979,3. 4160,2.

  Euphemism of the ancients. 43,6.

  Exceptions (habit of making), damaging to practical philosophy, and to every discipline. 1866,2.

  Exercise of the body. 115,2. 76,2. 207,2. 223,1. 262,2. 328,1. 453,1. 473,3. 598,4. 628. 661,2. 678,2. 1633,1. 1726,1. 2204,1. 2358,2. 4289,1.

  Exile. 1361,3.

  Experience teaches us to appreciate more than to disparage. 255,2. 3545,1.

  Experience of the world, necessary. 1586,1. 2523,2. 3440,1.

  Eyes. See Physiognomy, Eyes. Why it is customary to close those of the dead. 2102,1.

  F

  F, letter. 1136, margin. 1139,1. 1276,1. 2069,1. 2195,1. 2242,1. 2312,2. 2321. 2327,1. 2744. 4035,4. 4290,2.

  Fables. 67,2. 4119,9.[?]

  Faculties, mental, etc. See Habit.

  Familiarity in writing. 1808,1. 1918,1. 2127,1. 2130,2. 2542,1. 2639,1. 2700,1. 2836,2. 4066,1. 4216,1.

  Fashion for doing philosophy in the present century. 31,1. For talking and studying politics. 309,4.

  Fate. 90,1. 222,1. 503,1. 4070,1. See Necessity.

  Fear. 364,2. 2803,1. 3488,2. 3518,1. See Courage. Hope and fear. Egoism of fear. 2206,1. 2387,1. 2497,2. 2630,1. 2669,1. 3638,3. 3765,1. 3798. 4126,6.

  Feeling. See Imagination and Feeling. Sensibility.

  Feeling cited as proof of something that cannot be demonstrated with reason. Absurdity of this kind of philosophizing. Occurred also in some ancients. 4219,1. See Reason and Imagination.

  Festivals, popular, ancient and modern, Jewish, Christian, etc. 1438,1. 2255,1. 60,1. 2322,1.

  Filicaia. 24,2. 26,2. 28,3.

  Fire (use of). 723,1. 3643,1. 4119,2. 4121,7.

  Firearms. 262,2. 659,1. 978,2. 984,2. 1738. 2479,2. 2674,4. 3893,2.

  Firmness of character, is of two kinds. 3446,2.

  Flatterers and friends of tyrants. 507,1.

  Flavors. Different judgments concerning them. 1733,1. 1940,1–2. 2596,1. Place of harmony in flavors, etc. 1940,2.

  Florus. 526,1.

  Foreigners. Hatred toward foreigners, their exclusion from social rights, etc. etc., among the ancients, etc. 879ff. 923,1. 1004,2. 1016,1. 1037,1. 1078,1. 1083,2. 1163,3. 1362,1. 1422,1. 1606,1. 1709,1. 1710,1. 1723,1. 1827,1. 1842,1. 2252,1. 2305,2. 2389,2. 2397,1. 2625,1. 2660,2. 2677,1. 2759,2. 3073,1. 3115,1. 3141–2. 3157,1. 3365,1. 3420,1. 4117,9. 4121,6. 4290,1.

  Fortune. Games of chance. 455,2. Psychological reason for the idea of Fortune, and for the complaints and hatred directed against it. 4070,1. See Nature and fortune.

  Fourteenth-century writers. See Writers of the sixteenth century, fourteenth century, etc.

  Fra, tra, infra, intra meaning dentro, in. 4122,13. 4140,7. 4259,4. 4283,6. 4287,6.

  Frederick II. See Marcus Aurelius.

  Freedom in languages. Freedom in the use of one’s own language. 704,1. 708. 764,1. 788ff. 794. 797–800. 985,1. 1046,2. 1067,2. 1093,1. 1098,2. 1292,1. 1332,1. 1862,1. 1899,1. 1953,2. 2014,1. 2057,1–2068,1. 2103,1. 2126,1. 2130,1.2. 2
166,1. 2173,1. 2180,1. 2397,2. 2415,3. 2578,1. 2634–5. 2845,1. 3256,1. See Novelty in languages.

  French. See separate slips, with the title French (The).

  French (language). Frequent impropriety in its expressions. 3747,1.

  French (literature), does not belong to the family of Greek, Latin, Spanish, etc., literature, but to another one. 3400,1.

  French (poetry). 1812,2. 1901,1. 1902,3. 2052,2. 2067,1. 2171,1. 2484,1. 2642. 2666,1. 2718. 526,1. 2906,2. 3008,1. 3403,1. 3428,1. 3562. 3633,1. 3863,2. 4214,3.

  French (pronunciation) destroys the original imitative sound of many words, Latin and not Latin. 4280,4.

  French (style) in general. 2613,1.

  French, unable to appreciate other languages properly, have difficulty learning them; do not know other literatures, dead or living. 962,1. 1001,2. 1019,1. 1054,1. 1796,1. 1902,3. 3672,2. 3972,1.

  French and moderns do not have style. 2906,1. 3428,1.

  Frequentatives and diminutives (verbs), Latin, Italian, French. See separate slips, with the title Frequentatives and diminutives, etc. Latin-Italian-French.

  Friendship. 104,1. 324,3. 532,1. 1724,1. 2043,1. On keeping friendships: the ease, desire, pleasure which many have in breaking them. 4274,2.

  Fright. 262,3. 2803,1. Produced by the sight of beauty, and by the first conceiving of any keen desire. 3443,1.

  Fronto. His philosophical passage, noted; etc. 542,2. 752–57. 3627.

  G

  Galileo. His way of writing and thinking seems to reflect the nobility of his birth, education, etc. Various applications of this observation. 4241,3.

  Games, funerary. 2943,1.

  Games, Greek and Roman Games. 328,1. 453,1. 3764,2. 4047,1. 4109,4.

  Garden. Wretched spectacle of a garden, which under the guise of joy, is a veritable hospital of suffering creatures. 4175,4.

  General agreement, etc., proves nothing in favor of a proposition. 4131–32.

  Genitive in place of the accusative or nominative, etc., in Greek, Italian, French, etc. 3560,2. 3907,1. 4012,2. 4035,2. 4125,3.10. 4146,3. 4160,7. 4162,3.11. 4163,10. 4179,1. 4200,3. 4227,5. 4229,1.

  Genius. See Taste.

  German philosophy. 1835,1. 1848,1.[1850,1.] 2616,1. 3237,1. 3680,1. See Imagination, the extent to which it serves philosophy.

  Germans. Their language, literature, character, etc. etc. 771. 777. 1010,2. 1011,2. 1013,1. 1036. 1244. 1800,1. 1895. 1933–4. 1946,1. 1962,1. 2009. 2027. 2063,1. 2079,2–2093,2. 2113. 2122. 2126,1. 2134,1. 2176,2. 2177,1. 2289–90. 2449. 2593–4. 2845,1. 2875,1. 3196,1. 3247,1. 3337. 3348–9. 3366,1. 3816,5. 3865–6. 4031,1. 4191,4. 4251. 4261,2. 4263. 4291,2.

  Gestures. 68,1. 141,1. 3. 206,3. 1607,1. Gestures in reciting or reading; passages that can hardly be read without making gestures. 4222,1.

  Ghosts (fear of). 531,1. 535,1. 262,3. 2299,2.

  Glory. Fame. 127,1. 128,1. 130,2. 131,1. 3027,2. 3952,1. 4153,5. 4269,2.

  Glory, literary. Those who seek after it spend their youth in pursuit of an enjoyment which there is no longer time to enjoy. 4268,2.

  Golden age. 2250,2. 2679,1.

  Good, one that is unexpected. 73,1. 188,4.

  Good deeds, interest on others’ behalf. 614,2. 618,1–2. See Compassion. Interest on others’ behalf.

  Goodness, the extent of its esteem in the eyes of ancients and moderns, as shown by the words ɛὐήθɛια, dabbenaggine, etc. etc. 4201,8.

  Governments. 543,1. 579,2. 590,1. 625,3. 872,1. 911,1. 925,2. 936,1. 1096,1. 1169,1. 1165,2. 1361,3. 1554,2. 1555,1. 1563,1. 1584,2. 1879,2. 1952,1. 2608,3. 2644,1. 2677,1. 2736,1. 2987,3. 3029,1.2. 3082,1. 3411,1. 3471,1. 3773,1. 3889,1. 3922. 4041,7. 4135,5.

  Governors, Educators, etc. etc., always complained of by their subjects, always accused of the latter’s ills; psychological reason. 4070,1.

  Grace. 198,1. 206,4. 208,1. 212,3. 221,1. 236,1. 237,1. 250,1. 257,1. 269,1. 270,2. 452,2. 1083,1. 1322,1. 1326,3. 1329,3. 1336,2. 1346,1. 1365,1. 1387,1. 1419,1. 1522,1.2. 1528,1. 1529,1. 1552,1.2. 1575,1.2. 1603,1. 1658,1. 1684,1. 1774,1. 1880,1–4. 1885,1. 1920,1. 1921,1. 1937,1. 1982,1. 1990,1. 2045. 2304,1. 2454,1. 2481,2. 2521,1. 2682,1. 2831,1. 3553,1. 3712,1. 3955,1. 4293,2.

  Gracelessness. 1329,3.

  Greatness and Perfection. 470,2. 661,3.

  Greatness which ancient languages and styles seem to communicate to human things. 2025,1.

  Greek (language), it would have been a great benefit had it taken and held the place of Latin in Europe. 1973,1. 2025,1. 2089. 2170,1. 2210,1. 2212,1. 2619,1. 2635,1. Maybe more modern than Latin; certainly from origins more difficult to trace. 2138,2. 2307,1. 2329,1. 2369,1. 2572,1. 2771,2. 2779,2. 2812–3. 2882,1. 3284,2. 3541,3. 3762,2. 3902,3. 3938,4. 3940,2. 4007,4. 4030,7. 4040,3. 4042,4. 4045,1. 4048,1.5. 4050,4. 4086,4. 4089,2. 4096,1. 4123,1. 4154,9. 4155,1. 4268,3. See Latin (language); archaeological observations, etc.

  Greek, ancient common and vulgar Greek. 2811,2. 4147,6.

  Greek, modern. 2829,1.

  Greeks. Their language, literature, character, etc. See separate slips, with the title Greeks.

  Greeks, ancient and modern. Their tenacity in holding to their own customs, language, religion, etc. 1590,1. 2589,1. 2694,1. 2731,1. 2793,2. 2829,1. 3371–2. 3580ff. 4237,2.

  Greeks, ignorant of Latin, etc. 981,1. 988,1. 999,2. 1024,1. 1025,1. 1029,1. 1052,2. 1093,1. 1363,1. 1518,1. 2312,3. 2402,1. 2450. 2589,1. 2624, margin. 3371–2. 4173,8. 4211,7. 4237,2. 4243,3. They all loved Greece, as their homeland. 2628,1. Greek, etc., writers of the middle ages. 2793,2. 3421. 4026,7.

  Group loyalty. 149,1.2. 150,2.3. 151,2. 457,1. 872,1. 1715,2.

  Guidi. 27,1. 28,3.

  H

  Habit. Habit-forming ability and adaptability of man. Attention, attentiveness. Learning. Intelligence. Natural dispositions. Human faculties. 1254,1. 1364,3. 1370,1. 1378,2. 1383,2.3. 1399,1. 1421,2. 1432,1. 1450,1. 1451,1. 1452,1. 1453,2. 1455,1. 1508,1. 1523,1. 1527,2. 1540,1. 1541,1. 1542,1. 1543,1. 1552,3. 1553,1.2. 1568,2. 1569,1.2. 1610,1.2. 1628,2. 1630,1. 1631,1. 1632,2. 1633,1. 1646,1. 1653,1. 1658,2. 1661,1. 1675,2. 1680,1. 1682,1. 1697,1. 1714,1. 1716,1. 1717,1.2. 1718,1. 1719,1. 1720,1. 1726,1. 1727,1. 1733,1.2. 1741,2. 1760,1. 1763,1. 1764,1.2. 1765,1. 1767,1. 1786,2. 1787,1.2. 1794,2. 1802,1.2. 1819,1. 1824,1. 1828,1.2.3. 1911,1. 1923,1. 1925,1. 1930,2. 1945,1. 1951,1. 1960,1. 2017,2. 2028,1. 2039,2.3. 2046,1. 2047,1. 2110,1. 2132,1. 2151,1. 2152,1. 2162,1. 2164,1. 2184,1. 2208,2. 2228,1. 2230,1. 2259,1. 2268,1. 2270,1. 2378,1. 2390,1. 2391,2. 2400,1. 2401,1. 2402,2. 2484,2. 2563,1.2. 2564,1. 2568,1. 2585,1. 2596,1. 2691,2. 2862,1. 2899,1. 3197,1. 3301,1. 3374,1. 3466,1. 3518,1. 3525,1. 3737,1. 3804,1. 3824,1. 3881,4. 3891,2. 3902,5. 3941,3. 3944,1. 3989,1. 4026,6. 4108,3. 4166,4. 4231,2. 4241,3. 4253,3. 4254,4. See Qualities, human.

  Habit (material) of bodily activity communicated to the spirit, and likewise concerning other material habits. 1719,1.

  Hair. Different tastes, etc., in how it is dressed. 3984,2. 3988,1.

  Happiness, future, in another world. 826,1. 3497,1.

  Happiness, the happiness which man desires, what it is. 3497,1. 3509,1.

  Happiness, impossible, and nonexistent in the universe. 4137,1. 4169,1. 4174,1. 4191,5. 4228,1. How in my system on happiness it is possible to reconcile the praise of life, activity, etc., and on the other hand insensibility, torpor, etc. My system is favorable to the spirit of energy and progress which rules today. 4185,2.

  Happiness, is always someone else’s, and never belongs to anyone. 3745,2.

  Happiness, thought of as praise, and a sign of divine favor, by the ancients. 2457. 3072,3. 3097,2. 3148ff. 3342,1. 4119,4. 4240,1.

  Happiness of man, the greatest. 2673,3. 3895,1. 4043,2. Art of being happy, what it comes down to. 3846,1. 3895,1. 4043,2.

  Harmonies of nature. 32,1. 64,1. 71,3. 228,3. 255,1. 358,1. 3513 f. 3553,1. 4062,5.

  Harmony, grace, etc., of words, pronunciation, verses. 1207,1. 1875 following. 1878,1. 1961,1. 1965,2. 2415,3. 3247,1. 4026,7. See Rhythm.

  Harpies, ἅρπυιαι, in Homer, etc. 2775–76. 2786,1. 2918,1.

/>   Hatred toward our fellows. 210,2. 872,1. 1164,1. 1201,1. 1291,1. 1606,1. 1669,2. 1675,1. 1723,1. 1724,1. 1740,1. 2204,1. 2436,1. 2441,1. 2582,1. 2644,1. 2677,1. 3683, margin. 3773,1. 3928,5. 4280,1.

  Height, pleasing. 2257,2. 2350,1.

  Height of knowledge and ignorance. 449.

  Heroes. Heroism. 280,3. 470,2. 538. 1563,1. 2759,2.

  Heroism. Heroic times. 23,4. Inclination of even the most egoistic and wretched of men to heroism. 3480,1.

  Heroism of crime. 72,1. 2481,3.

  History. 120,1. 709,1.

  History, Jewish, Trojan, Greek, and Roman. 191,3. 1848, margin. 2645,2. 3145–46. 3770–71.

  History, Roman, after Tacitus, only has Greek writers. 2731,2.

  Histories, stories, traditions, stolen by one writer and one nation from another. 4152,6.

  Homeland. How important it is that it should be large. 1715,2.

  Homer. 231,2. 288,1. 307,2. 801,1. 1028,4. 1083,2. 1366,1. 1449,1. 1987,1. 2126,1. 2370,1. 2504. 2513. 2523,1. 2544,2. 2573,1. 2645,2. 2759,2. 2976,1. 2995,2. 3012–4. 3041,1. 3095,2. 3289,3. 3479,1. 3931,1. 3964,3. 3975,3. 4009,3. 4030,10.[cf. Z 3964] 4214,3. 4270.

  Honor. Point of honor, ancient and modern. 1842,1. 2420,1.

  Honors, appointments, dignities. 334,1.

  Hope. 183,3. 285,1. 364,2. 522,2. 826,1. 1017,1. 1044,2. 1521,2. 1545,1–1547,1. 1589,1. 1628,1. 1792,1. 1863,1. 2315,1. 2451,1. 2526,1. 2638,1. 3265,1. 3497,1. 4272,2. Continuous, inseparable from feeling, thinking life. 4145,4.

  Hope and fear. 66,2. 105,3. 188,3. 364,2. 458,1. 1303,2. 3433,1. 4123,9.

  Horace. 2043. 2049,1.

  Hospitality. 2254,1. 4286,1.

  Human souls believed to be of divine origin. See Daemons.

  Hunting. 2204,1.

  I

  I, U, Y. 1277 ff. 1346,3. 2247,2. 2365,1. 2813. 2824–5. 2895,1. 3007. 3038,1. 3762,1. 3834,1. 3845,2. 3852,1. 3872,1. 3875,2. 3895,2. 3940,1. 3969. 4008,3. 4172,1.

  Ideas, abstract. Words which signify them, etc. 1388,1. 4233,1. 4181,1.

  Ideas, concomitant with the principal ones, in the meaning of words: 1701,1. 1777,2. 1962,1. 2041,1. 2468,1. 2594,1. 3952,1. 4117,11.

  Ideas, eternal, Plato’s. 1712,1.

  Ideas, how far linked to words. 2487,1. 2584,1. 2591,1. 2658,2. 2948,1. 4214,4. 4233,1. 4181,1.