Sigurd. Hero of Scandinavian and (as Siegfried) of Germanic legends: 4339–40
Silius Italicus (c. 26–101 CE). Latin poet, author of the Punica: 595 (note 1), 2347, 2655, 2821 (note 1), 2878, 3021 (note 1), 4209
Silko (sixth century CE). King of Nubia: 4364, 4441
Silvestri, Giovanni (early nineteenth century). Milanese publisher: 2881
Similarities: 1509–10, 1521, 1650–51, 3717–20
Similes: 30–31, 60, 63, 67, 85, 228, 1650–51, 2958–59, 3717–20
Simonides of Ceos (c. 556–468 BCE). Greek lyric poet: 2740, 2744, 3992, 3997, 4165, 4236, 4237, 4392, 4393
Simplicity (see also Naiveté; Naturalness; Spontaneity): 202, 1366, 1411–20, 2037–39, 2747–48; ARTS, LANGUAGE, AND LITERATURE: 20, 62, 70, 93, 100, 126, 160, 202, 237–38, 1312–13, 1366, 1411–20, 1424–25, 1449–50, 1579–80, 1689, 1915–16, 2175, 3047–50, 3050–51, 3490, 4326; HUMAN BEINGS: 2545–46, 2709–11, 4524
Simplon (forest of): 4242
Simpson, Joseph (?1710–1796). English philologist, editor of a translation of the Encheiridion of Epictetus: 4144
Simultaneity: 2041–43, 2470, 3313
Sin: 51, 276, 394–406, 417–20, 433–36, 450–51, 586, 1960–61, 2645
Sincerity: 212, 2342–43, 4140, 4194–96
Singularity: 173; OF PEOPLE: 38–39, 207–208, 4110
Sirach. Jesus, son of Sirach, author of the Wisdom of Ben Sira, also known as Ecclesiasticus: 1849
Siro. Epicurean philosopher based at Naples, the teacher of Virgil: 4447
Sismondi, Jean-Charles-Léonard Simonde de (1773–1842). Swiss historian and economist: 1672, 4249
Sisti, Gennaro (fl. mid–eighteenth century). Neapolitan Hebraist and author of a book on how to learn Greek grammar in less than a month: 935
Sisygambis. Mother of Darius III: 4156
Sithon. King of the Chersonesus of Thrace, father of Pallene: 4208
Sixtus. Unknown Greek philosopher whose Enchiridion was translated into Latin by Rufinus of Aquileia: 4463
Skald: Name given to the early Scandinavian and Icelandic bards: 1961, 4352
Skepticism (ancient and modern) (see also Pyrrho): 427, 1655, 2800, 4190, 4479
Sky: 171, 1745–46, 1827, 4292
Slaves, Slavery (see also Masters and Servitude): 911–23, 1172–73, 3174, 3176, 4245, 4275–76, 4280, 4410
Slavs: see Nations, peoples
Sleep: 172, 184–85, 193–94, 290–92, 1779, 3551, 3842, 3848, 3895, 3925, 4074, 4104
Sloth: see Indolence
Sloths: see Animals
Smallness, littleness: 14, 71–72, 174, 200–202, 246–47, 250, 340, 947, 1392, 1464, 1880–81, 1920–21, 2304, 3171–72, 3556, 3956–57, 4177–78
Smell (sense of): see Senses
Smells, odors: 157–58, 1537–38, 1782–83, 1803–804, 1913–14, 1934–35, 3386–88, 3426–27
Smile: 87, 4450
Snails: see Animals
Snakes: see Animals
Soave, Francesco (1743–1806). Italian philosopher, translator of Locke: 807, 1028, 1053–55, 3254–56
Society: 669–74, 678–83, 872–911, 1173–74, 1952–53, 2429–33, 2644, 3773–810, 4135–36, 4474, 4525–26; EFFECTS: 128, 173–74, 230, 248, 926, 1594–96, 1999–2001, 2471–72, 2862–64, 3183–91, 3546–47, 3649–57, 3882–84, 3894, 3920, 4104, 4138–39, 4368; egoism, wickedness, hatred: 194–95, 283–85, 930, 1164–65, 1932–34, 2436–41; happiness/unhappiness: 102, 2684–85, 3932–36; human relationships: 634, 2271–73, 3061, 3488–90, 3491–94, 3684, 3837, 4420–21, 4449, 4525; language: 2914–16, 3668–70; HOSTILITY TOWARD SOCIETY: 1685–88, 3896, 4047, 4135–36, 4491; THE NATURAL STATE, PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES: 249–50, 370–71, 937–40, 1594–96, 1952–53, 3082–84, 3643–72, 3773–810, 3878–79, 3882–84, 3920, 3928–30; animals: 56, 210, 287–88, 417; happiness/unhappiness: 2684–85, 3932–36; virtues: 255, 1593–96; ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT: 191, 416–17, 611–12, 3643–72, 3878–79; ancient and modern forms of society, governments, politics: 543–79, 579–91, 911–17, 1952–53, 3082–84, 3411–12, 3517–18, 3889–90; RELIGION, CHRISTIANITY: 112, 191, 370–71, 393–420, 611–12, 1640–42, 1685–88
Socrates (469–399 BCE). Greek philosopher: 31, 207, 221, 231, 265, 1018, 1354, 1359–60, 1829, 2395, 2400, 2401, 2454, 2455, 2527, 2665, 2672, 2717, 2867, 2921, 3201, 3474, 3475, 4119, 4152, 4154, 4345, 4362, 4430, 4435, 4464, 4470, 4524, 4525; SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHY: 2867, 4190
Soderini, Giovan Vittorio (1526–1597). Florentine author of the treatise Coltivazione in Toscana delle viti, e d’alcuni alberi: 1230
Sofronia. Character in Tasso’s Gerusalemme liberata: 3148
Soldiers: ANCIENT VS. MODERN: 887, 901, 904, 984–85, 1842–43, 3115; India: 918; LANGUAGE: 979, 1013, 3855–58, 4116; LOVE, SEX: 1774, 3611, 3765–66, 4390; SOUTHERN VS. NORTHERN: 622–23, 1043–44; STRENGTH: 262, 1601
Solimano. Character in Tasso’s Gerusalemme liberata: 3141, 3525
Solinus, Gaius Julius (prob. soon after 200 CE). Latin writer, author of Collectanea rerum memorabilium: 2729, 3745
Solís, Antonio de (1610–1686). Spanish historian and writer, author of a work on the conquest of Mexico by the Spanish: 2201, 2253, 2387, 2397, 2401, 3183, 3643, 3893
Solitude (see also Company): 63–36, 678–83, 717–18, 1549–51, 1685–88, 2629, 3410–11, 4138–39, 4259–60, 4513
Solomon (c. 972–932 BCE). King of Israel: 1354, 1443–44, 1849, 4416
Solon (c. 640–after 561 BCE). Athenian lawgiver and poet: 285, 3386, 4309, 4320, 4367, 4393, 4394, 4438, 4441
Song: see Music
Song of Songs: see Bible
Sonnino: see Cities, Towns
Sopater of Alexandria (fifth century CE). Author of numerous epitomes and a work of historical extracts later summarized by Photius: 4203–204
Sophists: 312–13, 331, 848, 1016, 2114, 2204, 2590, 3421, 3473–75, 4346, 4357, 4374
Sophocles (496–406 BCE). Greek author of tragedies: 811, 2672, 2683, 2789, 3042–43, 3460, 4155–56, 4459
Sorrow, grief (see also Pain, suffering): 230, 302, 2342, 4410, 4510–11; EXPERIENCE AND PERCEPTION: 126–27, 714–17, 4282; age, nature, civilization: 530, 1677–78, 4243–44; the dying, the dead: 479–80, 4277–79; pleasure/boredom: 2251–52; sensibility: 2208–10, 2242–43; NATURE AND EFFECTS: 97–99, 4127–29; REMEDIES: 1677–78, 4156, 4225, 4243–44
Sosiades. The name to which were attributed a collection of Delphic maxims recorded by Joannes Stobaeus in the early fifth century CE: 4441
Soul: see Mind
Souli. A Greek mountain village famed for its heroic resistance in the latter half of the eighteenth century to the local Ottoman Pashalik of Yanina: 4434
Sound: see Music
South, southerners: see North, northerners
Sows: see Animals
Space: 4233
Spain, the Spanish (see also Languages: SPANISH and Literatures: SPANISH): CLIMATE: 350–51, 622, 623–24, 1043, 1798, 3253, 3394–95, 3578–81, 4031–32; COLONIES: 242, 4280; CUSTOMS, CHARACTER, AND VALUES: 242, 314–15, 350–51, 408, 423, 520, 620–25, 720–22, 886, 1043–44, 1084, 1242, 1516, 1564, 1709, 1760–61, 2480, 2608–609, 2615–16, 2695, 2875, 3059, 3174, 3394–95, 3420, 3572–84 3861–63, 4031–32, 4261, 4265, 4280, 4475; PHILOSOPHY: 314–15, 520, 1849, 3581, 3858; POLITICS: 242, 314–15, 408, 520, 1035, 1084, 1242, 2608–9, 3130, 3174, 3370, 3390–91, 3580, 3584, 3855, 3858, 3860, 4475; RELATIONS WITH OTHER PEOPLES: 242, 933, 934, 1029, 1156, 1516, 1709, 2480, 3004, 3177, 3366–67, 3370, 3397, 3420, 3578–84, 3999, 4264–65; RELIGION: 314–15, 408, 423, 1242, 3177, 3394–95, 3580, 3584, 4081; WAR: 314–15, 620–24, 1043–44, 1709, 1760–61, 3177, 3795, 3855, 3858
Spanheim, Ezechiel (1629–1710). German diplomat, jurist, and theologian of Swiss descent: 4431
Sparta, the Spartans: see Cities and Nations, peoples
Species: see Genus
Spectacles (performances): 174, 239, 329, 1605, 3764, 4047, 4266
Spectator, The. Early-eighteenth-century Londo
n daily edited by Addison and Steele: 142, 4452
Speech, speaking: 68, 153; FACULTY OF SPEECH, SPEECH ORGANS: 1925, 2391, 2895–98; FOREIGN ACCENTS: 1965–66; SPEAKING VS. WRITING: 1610–11. See also Conversation
Spelling, orthography: see Language: ALPHABET
Speroni, Sperone (1500–1588). Paduan linguistician and Classical scholar: 1436, 2731, 3067, 3130, 3132, 3176, 3336, 3390, 3413, 3416, 3488, 3560–61, 3568, 3587–88, 3682, 3730, 3741, 3744, 3764, 3772, 3817, 3979, 4029, 4090, 4243, 4245
Spettatore, Lo. Milanese literary journal: 15, 19, 23, 105, 190, 295, 916, 950, 954–56, 980, 986, 1013–14, 1085, 1177
Speusippus (c. 407–339 BCE). Greek philosopher, nephew of Plato and his successor as head of the Academy: 334
Spineda, Lucio (late fifteenth to early sixteenth century). Venetian publisher: 3885
Spinozists: 4274
Spirit (see also Mind, soul and Spiritualization): 125, 341–42, 601–606, 629–33, 1025–26, 1606–607, 1654, 2479, 3205–206, 3615, 3854–55, 3909–20, 3922–27, 3932–37, 3938, 3973, 4111, 4286; METAPHYSICS: 1615, 1635–36, 1790–91, 4206–208, 4251–53, 4256
Spiritualism, spiritualists: 4207–208, 4288–89; THE WORD “SPIRITUAL”: 4111
Spiritualization: 1006–1007, 1911–13, 2912, 2914, 3613–16, 3910–20, 3932–37
Spontaneity: 4, 50
Sports: see Boxing and Greece: ATHLETICS, GYMNASTICS, GAMES
Spring: see Seasons
Staël-Holstein, Anne-Louise-Germaine Necker, Mme. de (1766–1817). French writer, focal point of the Coppet circle: 22, 83, 110, 135, 318, 349, 714, 1692, 1693, 1742, 3245; WORKS: Corinne, ou l’Italie: 73–75, 79, 83–84, 86–88, 90, 92, 101, 176, 212, 508, 622–23, 1473, 1584, 1588, 1652, 1656, 1724, 1729, 2171, 2453, 3466, 3467, 3468, 4022, 4249, 4259,4472, 4483; De l’Allemagne: 176, 350, 1063, 1298, 1351, 1851, 1948–51, 1962–67, 2028, 2062, 2079–81, 2085–91, 2093, 2095, 2100–101, 2113, 2845–52, 3250, 3401, 3680, 4291; Sulla maniera e la utilità delle traduzioni: 94, 323, 956–57, 962, 969, 1002, 2185–86, 2845–52
Statius, Publius Papinius (c. 45–c. 96 CE). Latin writer, author of the Thebaid: 595, 2208, 2821, 3020–21, 4028, 4190, 4520
Stature (human): see Body: STATURE (HUMAN)
Staunton, Sir George (1737–1801). English diplomat and sinologist: 942–44
Stealing, theft: 210, 273, 2246–47, 2253
Stella, Antonio Fortunato (1757–1833). Milanese publisher with whom Leopardi collaborated: 1761
Stephanus: see Estienne, Henri
Stephen of Byzantium (also known as Stephanus Byzantinus) (sixth century CE). Author of an important geographical dictionary, Ethnica: 4154, 4158–59, 4208, 4343, 4398
Sterne, Laurence (1713–1768). Anglo-Irish novelist, author of Tristram Shandy: 101, 195, 4450
Stesichorus (first half sixth century BCE). Greek lyric poet: 4158, 4435
Stobaeus, Joannes (John of Stobi) (early fifth century CE). Compiler of an anthology of excerpts from (pagan) Greek poets and prose writers: 501, 2672, 2675, 4019, 4116, 4140, 4152–53, 4156, 4165, 4197, 4213, 4225–26, 4430, 4438, 4441, 4469, 4481
Stockholm: see Cities
Stoicism: 1018, 1870, 2245, 4144, 4308, 4379–80, 4440, 4463
Storia della Guerra di Semifonte scritta da M. Pace di Certaldo: see Pace da Certaldo
Storie Pistolesi: 1230
Storytelling: see Narrative art
Storm: 2, 2118, 2388, 2601, 2788, 3535, 3640, 4198; THE WORD “STORM”: 3752
Strabo (64 BCE–after 24 CE). Greek geographer and historian from Amasia in Pontus: 915, 2671, 2673, 3105, 4158, 4209, 4431
Strato of Lampsacus (c. 335–269 BCE). Peripatetic philosopher, the third director of the Lyceum after the death of Theophrastus: 4248, 4510
Stratocles (fourth century BCE). Athenian orator and politician, opponent of Demosthenes: 2680–81
Strength/Weakness: 3446–47, 3639; ANCIENTS AND MODERNS: 96–97, 115, 121–22, 163–64, 254–55, 262, 1004–1007, 1624–25, 1803–804, 2544, 3134–35; BODY AND SOUL: 358, 661, 3552–53; CLIMATE: 3447–49; COMPASSION, KINDNESS/CRUELTY: 108–109, 164, 196, 211, 234, 281, 940–41, 3271–83, 3295–98, 3314–17, 3361–62, 3552–57, 3766–68, 3835–36, 3846, 3942–44, 4439, 4488–89, 4504, 4519–20; COURAGE, MAGNANIMITY/EGOISM: 90–92, 96–97, 115, 121–22, 163–64, 254–55, 1420–21, 3281–83, 3291–98, 3361–62, 3835–36, 4439; HAPPINESS: 3835–36, 3921–27; NATURE, CIVILIZATION: 68–69, 117–18, 163–64, 262, 1624–25, 1633–34, 1668–69, 1879–80, 1803–804; body/mind: 1597–602, 3179–82, 3945, 4079–81, 4272, 4499; PASSIONS: 152; PLEASURE, PLEASURABLENESS, LOVE: 661–62, 1522, 1529, 1990–91, 2358–59, 3765–68, 3835–36, 3905–906; POLITICS, SOCIETY, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR: 3102, 3281–83, 3945; advantage over others: 897–99, 1004–1007, 1594–96, 2259–63, 3779–82, 3878–79, 4517–18. See also Health; Vigor
Study: 5, 20, 46, 207, 211–12, 233, 274–75, 346, 359, 491–94, 730, 1260–61, 1541–42, 1574, 1598, 1742, 2702, 3265–66, 4366, 4469
Stupidity: 188, 1178, 1648, 1653, 1762, 1770, 2692, 3202, 3447, 3519, 3848, 3882, 3911, 3936, 4183, 4185–87, 4206, 4217, 4420; THE WORD “STUPIDUS”: 597
Stupor (see also Surprise and Wonder): 73, 173, 367, 649–50
Style: 20, 36, 82, 321, 642, 1227, 1313–15, 1683–84, 1694, 2041–43, 2049–52, 2054–57, 2129, 2239, 2337, 2358–59, 2611–13, 2725–31, 3009–17, 3047–51, 3388–89, 3490, 3718–20, 3952, 3953, 4268–71, 4271–72; ANCIENTS AND MODERNS: 976, 1470–72, 1988, 2172–73, 2537–38, 2914–17, 3471–72, 3472–77, 4202; LANGUAGE: 2796–99, 2906–13, 3397–98, 3398–3404, 3419, 3429, 4021, 4202, 4240, 4328, 4440; “POETRY OF STYLE”: 4440, 4503; SPECIFIC KINDS: Arcadian or Frugonian: 106, 146; conversational: 92–93, 106, 190, 327; didactic or doctrinal: 1312–13
Sublime, the: 7, 13, 24, 27, 174, 217–19, 245–46, 986–87, 1429–30, 3490, 4492–93, 4497
Substance: see Appearance/Substance
Subtlety: 176, 336, 1043, 1859–60
Success/Failure: 3097–98, 3106–107, 3134–35, 3187–88, 3191, 3837, 4039, 4109, 4420–21
Suda, The (end tenth century CE). A Greek literary lexicon: 316, 501, 510, 1177, 2697, 4236, 4400, 4401, 4440
Suetonius (Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus) (c. 70–128 CE). Roman biographer, author of the “Lives of the Caesars”: 502, 2365, 3263, 3282, 3298, 3317, 3341, 3344, 3571, 4076, 4144, 4193–94, 4196–97, 4432, 4520–21
Suicide: 64, 66, 70–71, 82, 188, 3491–94; ANCIENTS AND MODERNS: 57–58, 484–85, 503–507, 2987–89; HOPE: 183, 2315–16, 4145–46; NATURE, REASON, RELIGION: 40, 56, 66, 176–77, 183, 213–17, 222–23, 814–18, 1597–98, 1978–82, 2241–42, 2402–404, 2492, 2549–55, 3782–84, 3791–92, 3882–84, 3928–29, 3932–34, 4130–32, 4242–43; SELF-LOVE: 70–71, 87, 958, 1547–48, 1551–52, 2315–16, 3784, 4105–108, 4130–32, 4145–46, 4242–43
Suitability: see Propriety
Suleyman I (1494–1566). Ottoman sultan: 1576
Sulla, Lucius Cornelius (138–78 BCE). Roman general and leader of the optimates in the civil war against the popularis Marius: 135–36, 629, 3072
Sully, Maximilian de Béthune, duc de (1560–1641). Minister of Henry IV: 1440
Sulpicius Severus (c. 360–c. 420 CE). Ecclesiastical writer, author of Vita Sancti Martini: 991, 3626
Sulzer, Johann Georg (1720–1779). Swiss philosopher, from 1775 director of the philosophical section of the Berlin Academy, and the author of aesthetic treatises: 807, 1053–54, 1066, 1070, 1086–87, 1103, 1128, 1134, 1205, 1274, 1350, 1487, 4117
Summer: see Seasons
Sun, the: 3640, 3833–34
Superhuman: 3484
Superiority: 823–24; OF PEOPLE: 117, 255–56, 3346–47
Superstition: 77, 90, 132, 314, 421, 2243–44, 3433–34, 3894, 4076–77
Surprise (see also Extraordinary; Stupor; Wonder): 138, 188–89, 366, 1302, 2239, 2832, 3468, 4141, 4296; GRACE: 198–204, 1322–23, 2832
Svabo, Jens Christian (Kristjan) (1746–1824). Danish scholar and philologist, aut
hor of a manuscript account of the Faroe Islands (1782–1824): 4340
Sweden, the Swedish: see Nations, peoples
Switzerland, the Swiss: see Nations, peoples
Sybarites: see Nations, peoples
Sylburg, Friedrich (1536–1596). German scholar, editor of Aristotle: 4433
Syllogism: 348, 443, 447, 1680–81, 1752–53, 1771–74
Symmachus, Quintus Aurelius (c. 340–c. 402 CE). Prefect of Rome, known to his contemporaries as an orator and prose stylist: 1181–82, 2864, 3762
Symmetry: 186–88, 1259, 1321, 1337
Synesius of Cyrene (c. 370–413 CE). Greek Neoplatonist philosopher and Greek bishop of Ptolemais in the Libyan Pentapolis: 2920
Synizeses: 1151–53, 1157–60, 2247–50, 2330–32, 2339, 2656, 4036, 4354, 4460, 4469, 4483, 4485
Synonyms: 860, 1116, 1477–94, 1494–99, 1499–1504, 1504–507, 1520, 1755–56, 2715–16, 3634, 4512
Syracuse: see Cities
Syria, the Syrians: see Nations, peoples
Syrianus (d. c. 437 CE). Greek Neoplatonist philosopher, the teacher of Proclus and the head of the Platonic Academy in Athens: 4220
Syrus, Ephraem (Ephrem the Syrian) (c. 306–373). A prolific Syriac-language hymnographer and theologian: 999
System: 145, 945–49, 950, 1087–90, 1426, 3978, 4056–57
System (Leopardi’s): 393–420, 435–36, 637, 1004, 1562, 1642–45, 1655, 1675–76, 1720–21, 1772–73, 1791–92, 2114–17, 2250–51, 3927, 4174, 4190, 4185–88, 4428
T
Tabarin (pseudonym of Antoine Girard) (1584–1626). Parisian comedian and street performer, famous for his haranguing of passersby: 4417.
Tacitus, Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius (56/57–after 117 CE). Latin historian: 150, 274, 350, 463, 465, 522, 554, 850, 1353, 2043, 2731, 3904, 4353, 4473–74; LANGUAGE AND STYLE: 462, 752, 1077, 1492, 1534, 2043, 2168, 2409–10, 3559, 4117, 4305; WORKS: Agricola: 150, 2655, 4473; Annals: 1077; Germania: 350, 554, 4431; Histories: 465, 3904, 4117
Tahiti, Tahitians: see Nations, peoples
Talent: see Intellect
Tancredi. A character in Tasso’s Gerusalemme liberata: 3131, 3525, 3526
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