9/11 investigation by, 24, 25, 33, 46, 64, 254–55
Padilla’s arrest by, 291
Padilla’s interrogation by, 285–91
pre-9/11 counterterrorism funding of, 530
pre-9/11 intelligence gathered by, 8, 9–10, 13, 14
Saddam’s interrogation by, 519–20
Strategic Information Operations Center of, 24
war on terror role of, 139
in Zubaydah capture, 240, 248, 249, 250
Zubaydah’s interrogation by, 253–55, 277–78, 279–80, 345
Federal Criminal Code, 300
Federal District Court:
in Alexandria, 269
for the District of Columbia, 311
in Norfolk, 292
Federal Emergency Management Agency, 75
Feith, Douglas, 89, 196, 214, 215, 329, 336, 344, 428, 435
Ferreri, Andy, 285
Fincher, Russell, 208, 209, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291
Fischer, Joschka, 463
Fisher, Alice, 342
Flanigan, Tim, 310–11, 507
in Afghanistan targeting situation, 111, 112
Bellinger e-mail criticism by, 80
in congressional resolution drafting, 57–58, 59–62, 65, 66–67, 69–70
in detainee treatment policy formation, 224, 225, 227
in Hamdi case, 259, 408
in military commissions formation, 84, 102–3, 136, 137, 140, 144, 145, 149, 154, 156, 157, 246, 247
on 9/11, 23–25, 35–37, 47, 48
in Padilla case, 305
in shootdown order legal question, 35–36
in surveillance powers expansion, 95, 96, 106–7
Flannagan, Lisa, 107–8
Fleischer, Ari, 49, 472
Flewelling, Rick, 381, 384
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), 14, 96, 98, 99, 105, 529
Former Office of the Secretary of the Navy, 186
Fort Belvoir, 295, 327
Fort Detrick, Army Research Facility at:
anthrax contamination at, 161–62, 265–66
in anthrax investigation, 124, 125, 133, 134, 228
anthrax research at, 77, 108, 115, 489, 537
Fouda, Yosri, 257–58, 267–69, 308–9
Fournier, Ron, 472, 495
Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, 259, 309, 310, 316–17, 322–23, 342, 408–9, 443
Fourth Geneva Convention, 187, 217n, 232
Fox, 38
Frahm, Charles, 253
France:
Iraq War position of, 391, 454–55, 458, 459, 461, 462, 484–85
in war on terror, 55, 72
Franks, Tommy, 137, 146, 159, 173, 177, 180, 184, 195, 252, 452, 498–99
Frederick Memorial Hospital, 518
Frederick Police Department, 516
Fredman, John, 378, 379
Fried, Dan, 470
Frost, David, 467–68
Fuller, Robert, 243, 387–88
G
Gaddafi, Muammar al-, 116, 193
Gajardo, Marc, 396, 397, 399, 401
Galati, Rocco, 130
Gallup poll, 504, 505
Garre, Gregory, 301, 341
Gaudin, Steve, 253, 254, 277, 278, 284
Gelles, Michael, 431–32, 433
Gelvan, Alexander, 85, 86
General Electric, 127
Geneva Conventions, 186–87, 335, 379, 403, 512
Ashcroft’s position on, 230
civilians’ treatment under, 187, 217n, 232
Common Article 3 of, 186–87, 215, 217, 217n, 218
Powell’s position on, 218, 224, 225–27, 229, 232
scope of, 225
U.S. military’s protection under, 188, 214, 227, 230, 465, 485
U.S. military’s training in, 214, 218, 229–30, 465
Yoo’s analysis of, 48, 187, 188, 213, 214, 215, 217, 219, 220, 224, 226
see also detainee treatment
Georgia, 393
Germany, Iraq War position of, 461, 462, 484–85
Ghamdi, Ahmed al-, 16–17
Ghamdi, Hamza al-, 16–17
Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (Coll), 526
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 310
Girvan, Maureen, 380, 381
Giuliani, Rudy, 128
Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, 514
Gog and Magog, 459, 460–61, 570–71
Goldsmith, Jack, 368, 506, 507–8
Goldsmith, Peter, 468, 488–89
Gonzales, Alberto, 79, 80, 140, 507
in Afghanistan targeting situation, 111–12
and CIA interrogation program, 283, 559
in detainee treatment policy debate, 186, 187–89, 213, 217, 219, 224, 225, 226, 227, 229
in Hamdi case, 259, 314
in military commissions formation, 83, 84, 136, 144, 148, 149, 150, 157–58, 221, 247
and military interrogation policy, 456, 466–67
on 9/11, 46–48, 49, 50
in Padilla case, 304, 305
in surveillance powers expansion, 95, 96, 105, 106
Goodman, Bill, 160, 236
Gorelick, Jamie, 529
Gorton, Slade, 529
Goss, Porter, 368
Gould, Natalie, 397, 398
Graham, William, 418, 419, 420–21, 510
Great Britain:
in Afghanistan War, 114, 137, 142, 180, 202, 240
Afghanistan War prisoners from, see Tipton Three
al-Qaeda attack plot in, 475, 491–92
Bosnian embassy closure by, 134, 135
Bush’s Middle East address reaction in, 315–16
Indonesia terror plot advisory in, 367, 377
Iraq War investigation in, 504–5
Iraq War opposition in, 244, 328, 339, 354, 422, 466, 471, 485, 486, 494, 496–97, 504
Iraq War role of, 240, 241, 242, 244, 251–52, 321–22, 328–29, 339, 353, 355, 451, 452, 468, 470, 471, 473, 480, 481, 485, 488–89, 493, 494, 497
Manchester Manual’s importance in, 128n, 193, 194, 544, 551, 552
Ministry of Defense in, 321
9/11 assessment by, 40, 53, 54
9/11 reaction in, 40–41, 53–55
political news leaks in, 489
U.S. steel tariffs on, 240–41
weapons of mass destruction intelligence in, 392, 504
see also Blair, Tony
Greenstock, Jeremy, 480
Grenier, Bob, 240
Groenhuijsen, Charles, 462
Ground Zero, 503
search and rescue operation at, 163, 164
Group of Eight, 55
Guantanamo Bay, 48, 196, 197
administration oversight of, 367–68
Algerian Six’s arrival at, 216
al-Qahtani’s detention at, 324, 325
al-Qahtani’s interrogation at, 332, 339–40, 367, 378, 403, 404–5, 407, 415–16, 417, 419–20, 422–26, 427, 433–34, 436–37, 439–42, 446, 449–50
Behavioral Science Consultation Team at, 442
bin Laden intelligence obtained at, 520
Camp Delta at, 312, 332, 382, 423
Criminal Investigation Task Force at, 206–7, 293, 295, 297, 312, 407, 416, 419–20
detainee treatment at, 210–11, 212, 218, 221, 235, 238–39, 245–46, 367–68, 378–79, 382–83, 403–4, 431–32, 435–36, 437–38, 442, 512, 544
elderly detainees at, 245–46, 336–37
FBI agents at, 296, 297, 339–40, 382, 383, 404–5, 419
female interrogators at, 439–40
fingerprinting at, 324
first arrivals at, 209–10, 258
Hamdi’s removal from, 258–60
Initial Reaction Force at, 238–39
Interrogation Control Element at, 382
interrogation policy conflict on, 293, 295, 296, 298–99, 312–13, 340, 378, 383, 404–5, 407–8, 416–17, 419–20, 430–33, 434–36, 437–39, 442–43,
444–45, 446–49, 450–51, 453, 466–67, 473–74, 475–76, 485–86
law enforcement interrogations at, 206–7, 295–99, 332, 339–40, 367, 404–5, 417, 420
legal challenges to, 311–12, 335
military commissions at, 247, 512–13
military interrogation program at, 237–38, 245, 293, 295–96, 298, 313, 327, 332, 340, 376, 377–79, 382–83, 403–5, 415–16, 417, 419–20, 422–26, 427–29, 430–43, 444–45, 446–51, 453, 455–57, 463–67, 473–76, 485–86
military’s management of, 207, 245
political conflict over, 504
Red Cross at, 293, 378, 379, 407, 442
Rumsfeld’s nickname for, 220
security at, 245
temporary detention facility at, 197–98, 220–21; see also Camp X-Ray
translators at, 245
video cameras at, 239
H
habeas corpus rights, 48, 235, 236, 237, 259, 292, 299, 302, 303, 309–10, 318, 319, 323, 336, 511, 512
Habib (alleged terrorist), 13
Hadley, Stephen, 23, 25, 45, 156, 261, 328, 343, 500
Hamas, 3
Hambali (Riduan Isamuddin), 347–48, 394, 492–93
Hamdan, Salim, 51–52
capture of, 166–67, 168
intelligence given by, 168, 242–43
legal case of, 174, 217, 511, 512–13
Hamdi, Esam, 292
Hamdi, Yaser Esam:
capture of, 176, 330
deportation of, 512
detention of, 317–18, 321, 330, 368
Guantanamo removal of, 258–60
legal case of, 217, 262, 263, 266, 292, 299, 300–304, 309–10, 313–14, 316–17, 322–23, 329–30, 341–42, 408–9, 443–44, 511–13
Harethi, Qaed Salim Sinan al-, 439
Harper, Stephen, 510
Hart Senate Office building, 173
Hawsawi, Mustafa al-, 483
Hayden, Michael, 97, 100
Haynes, Jim, 140, 157, 195, 507
and elderly detainee release, 336
and Guantanamo interrogation program, 327, 428, 429, 434, 435, 437–39, 444–45, 446, 447, 449, 450, 451, 453, 455–56, 463, 466–67, 474, 475, 476, 485–86
Guantanamo visit of, 367, 368
in Hamdi case, 258, 259, 292–93
in military commissions formation, 181–82, 246, 247
on 9/11, 22, 35–36
in Padilla case, 304, 305
in shootdown order legal question, 35–36
in surveillance discussion, 95, 96
workload of, 435
Hazmi, Nawaf al-, 33
health care laws, 319–20, 379, 562
Heathrow Airport, 475, 491–92
Henderson, Donald, 75, 76
Hendrawan, Joni (Idris), 396, 400
Herat, Afghanistan, 113
Heritage Foundation, 507
Hezbollah, 3, 32, 33
Highland Transport, 42
Hill, Tom, 415, 415n, 427, 428, 429, 449, 450
Hoh, Christopher, 135, 204, 205
Holley, R. J., 285
Hollywood, as terrorist target, 91
Homeland Security Department, U.S., 373
Hoon, Geoff, 72, 329
Howard, John, 401
Huden, Johanna, 91–92
Hughes, Karen, 48, 49
Human Concern International, 85
Hussain, Tsadiqui, 248, 249
Hussein, Saddam:
assassination scenario for, 471
bin Laden’s suggested link to, 72, 89, 343–44, 497
biological weapons stockpile of, 76, 128, 129, 469
Blair’s views on, 244
Bush’s preoccupation with, 505
Bush’s U.N. statement about, 364–65
capture of, 518–19
Chirac’s assessment of, 455
interrogation of, 519–20
Iraqi opposition to, 251, 452
overthrow of, 242, 244, 251–52, 253, 261, 263, 328, 329, 339, 353, 355, 452, 453, 471, 504
U.S. strike against, 497–98, 499, 500
and weapons inspections, 366, 454, 458–59, 467–68, 471, 472, 477
see also Iraq
I
Iacobucci Commission, 533
Ibn Taymiyyah, 550
Idris (Joni Hendrawan), 396, 400
Immelt, Jeffrey, 127
Immigration and Naturalization Service, U.S. (INS), 10, 45
in Arar detention, 371, 372–73, 374, 385, 387, 389
Moussaoui’s interview by, 12–14, 181
post-9/11 criticism of, 372
Imron, Ali, 394, 395, 396, 400, 414
Indian Point, 325
Indonesia:
Islamic extremists in, 346
see also Bali attacks
In re Territo, 309
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 410, 479, 488
International Committee of the Red Cross, 293, 378, 379, 407, 442
interrogation policy, 38
CIA, 192, 193, 194, 195, 209, 218–19, 253, 255–57, 277, 278–85, 299–300, 322, 325, 332, 333–34, 337–38, 342–43, 344–45, 348–49, 370, 456, 457, 484, 559, 562
criticism of, 284, 293, 342–43, 376, 383, 404–5, 407–8, 416–17, 419–20, 430–33, 434–36, 437–39, 442–43, 444–45, 450–51, 453, 464, 465–67, 473–74, 475–76, 485–86
flaws in, 195
formation of, 191–95
at Guantanamo Bay, 206–7, 237–38, 245, 293, 295–99, 312–13, 327, 332, 339–40, 367, 376, 377–79, 382–83, 403–5, 415–16, 417, 419–20, 422–26, 427–29, 430–43, 444–45, 446–51, 453, 455–57, 463–67, 473–76, 485–86
legal analysis of, 280–83, 299–300, 328, 333–34, 337, 342, 403–4, 428, 434–36, 438, 444, 455–57, 463–67, 474–76, 485–86; see also torture, legal analysis of
Manchester Manual’s importance to, 193–95, 282, 293, 544–45
military, 192–93, 237–38, 245, 293, 295–96, 298, 313, 325, 327–28, 330–32, 340, 367, 375–76, 377–79, 382–83, 403–5, 415–16, 417, 419–20, 422–26, 427–29, 430–43, 444–45, 446–51, 453, 455–57, 463–67, 473–76, 485–86
and military commissions process, 438, 439, 485
prohibitions in, 280
psychological basis for, 191, 193, 195
research contradicting, 256–57, 330–32
secrecy of, 282, 283
stepping up of, 325, 327–28, 473
interrogations:
CIA research study on, 256–57
force drift in, 432, 446
psychological aspects of, 254, 255, 331, 432
relationship building in, 208, 255, 256, 278, 279–80, 331, 339–40, 342, 345, 420, 422, 448–49, 519
Iqbal, Asif, 174, 512
Iqbal (Bali terrorist), 394, 395, 396
Iran:
and Afghanistan War, 73
Bush’s position on, 51, 78
and Iraq War, 322
U.S. suspicion of, 50
in war on terror strategy, 123
weapons of mass destruction in, 328
Iran-Contra scandal, 58
Iraq:
al-Qaeda’s suggested ties to, 208, 219, 233, 234, 343–44, 345, 383, 401–2, 494, 504
Arab diplomatic efforts in, 493
Blair’s position on, 72
Bush’s position on, 51, 56, 72
missile capability of, 469
new U.N. resolution against, 252, 322, 328, 329, 339, 353, 354, 355, 357, 363, 364, 365–66, 391–92, 393, 409, 411, 418, 421, 422, 458
nuclear capability of, 469, 479, 488
oil fields in, 451–52, 453
prewar situation in, 251–52
prior U.N. resolutions against, 252, 263, 352, 489
Rumsfeld’s position on, 72, 89, 123, 354, 363
torture’s use in, 44
U-2 surveillance of, 469, 471, 477
U.N. weapons inspections in, 244, 245, 261, 263, 352, 353, 355, 364, 366, 409–11, 421, 422, 445, 452, 454–55, 458, 459, 467–
69, 471, 472, 476–77, 479, 480–81, 487–88, 519
U.S. suspicion of, 50
in war on terror strategy, 72, 79, 89, 123
weapons of mass destruction in, 233, 234, 253, 261, 263, 321, 328, 329, 352, 357–58, 366, 383–84, 392, 393, 402, 445, 452, 453, 454, 458, 459, 471, 479, 494, 495, 504, 505, 519–20
see also Hussein, Saddam; Persian Gulf War
500 Days: Secrets and Lies in the Terror Wars Page 80
