Epidemic
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Perry, Rick, 165, 167, 171
Personal protection equipment (PPE): for burial teams, 223, 225; for deceased body handling, 73; for diagnostic testing, 62, 64, 72; funding for, 108, 217; innovations in, 255–56; in isolation units, 74, 91, 164; shipments of, 40, 114, 222; training for use of, 198, 204, 255; for transport of patients, 95
Pham, Nina, 170–75, 244, 261
Pharmaceutical companies, 25, 77, 93, 121–22, 248–52. See also Experimental treatments; Vaccines
Phase-one testing of medications, 49
Philanthropic contributions, 122, 212–17
Phoenix Air Group, 95
Phones, Ebola case monitoring with, 209–12
PHS (Public Health Service, U.S.), 105, 148, 241–42
Plyler, Lance, 92–94
Polio, 46, 84, 217–18
Pope, Amy: on African Leaders Summit, 107; on anxiety regarding Ebola epidemic, 106; on cultural practices, 253; on hospital shortcomings in detection of Ebola, 172, 176; on monitoring strategies, 184; on reemergence of Ebola outbreak, 60; on U.S. Army Ebola deployment, 147; on Zika virus, 267–68
Post-Ebola syndrome, 246
Posttraumatic stress disorder, 265
Poverty, 4, 30, 31, 99, 268
Powell, Colin, 167, 179
Power, Samantha, 105, 151–52, 202–05
PPE. See Personal protection equipment
PREP (Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness) Act of 2005, 251–52
Preston, Richard, 22–23, 124
PREVAIL (Partnership for Research on Ebola Vaccines in Liberia), 246
Pritzker, Penny, 106
Pryor, Mark, 168
Public education campaigns, 37–40, 57, 85, 236, 254
Public Health Agency (Canada), 77, 93
Public Health Service, U.S. (PHS), 105, 148, 241–42
Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness (PREP) Act of 2005, 251–52
Quarantines: advisory groups on, 130; equipment necessary for, 116, 216; of families of Ebola victims, 166, 168–69; of flights, 37; of health-care workers, 133, 139, 171, 199–202, 241–42; local responses to, 137; opposition to, 184–85, 193; in pattern of Ebola response, 22, 34, 138; on slums, 101–02; in treatment units, 111
Rapid Isolation and Treatment of Ebola (RITE) strategy, 136
Rawlings, Mike, 169, 174
Recount (film), 180
Redd, John, 137–41, 266
Repatriation of freed African slaves, 29
Research efforts, 23–27
Reservoir hosts, 8, 17, 52, 53, 267
Reston virus (RESTV), 21, 23
Ribner, Bruce, 175
Ribonucleic acid (RNA): in diagnostic testing, 48, 54, 63, 112; in Ebola virus structure, 4, 17, 18; in genetic sequencing, 238–39; in replication process, 8
Rice, Condoleezza, 99
Rice, Susan, 105, 151, 180, 203
Rift Valley Fever, 24
RITE (Rapid Isolation and Treatment of Ebola) strategy, 136
RNA. See Ribonucleic acid
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 216
Robinson, David, 222–24
Rollin, Pierre, 45, 51, 165
Romney, Mitt, 179
Rose, Sidia, 163
Rosling, Hans, 68, 141–43, 212, 240–41
Ross, Dennis, 167
Rubio, Marco, 268
rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine, 250
Sabeti, Pardis, 65
SafeLink program, 210
Sakilla, Harisson, 60–61
Salvi, Cristiana, 38, 39
Samaritan’s Purse: certificates issued to disease-free patients, 61; establishment of, 91; flights chartered by, 93; funding for, 108; health workers associated with, 66, 89, 97; on public education campaigns, 39; treatment units operated by, 51, 89–90
Sanitation programs, 34, 40, 104, 220–21, 224, 253
SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), 24, 257–58
Sawyer, Patrick, 79–83, 85–86
Schein, Henry, 217
Schmoyer, Michael, 34, 148
Schoepp, Randy: diagnostic testing conducted by, 54, 61–65; infectious disease research by, 25–27; Lassa ward as described by, 73; relationship with Khan, 71; on treatment units, 56, 89–90
Screening facilities, 167, 182, 184, 199
Secret societies, 220, 227
Sedgewick, Brett, 34–35, 221
September 11 terror attacks (2001): biological weapon research following, 23, 48; CDC Foundation supply deliveries in response to, 211; government response to, 178; health registry for victims of, 265; incident management in aftermath of, 116; national security agencies following, 184
Serving in Mission, 91–92, 261
70–30 strategy, 119
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), 24, 257–58
Shah, Rajiv: aid shipments authorized by, 114; on burial teams, 228; on CDC modeling projections, 126; on downplay of threat from Ebola outbreak, 46; on early responses to Ebola outbreak, 51; on inadequacy of response efforts, 69, 107; personal protection equipment used by, 255; on preparedness for future disease outbreaks, 269; on quarantines, 193; on 70–30 strategy, 119; on spread of Ebola virus, 3–4; on travel bans, 167; treatment facility demonstrations by, 105; on U.S. Army deployment and mission, 147, 154; on zoonotic diseases, 268
Sherman, Susan, 168
Shorris, Tony, 195
Shuster, Bill, 167
Sierra Leone: burial teams in, 223, 226, 229; civil war in, 28; colonial history of, 27, 28; Ebola cases in, 26, 55, 97, 130; emergency operations centers in, 213–14, 218; geography of, 7, 28; governing structures in, 30; health-care system in, 31, 139, 145, 229–30, 254, 258; independence of, 29; international response to outbreak in, 69, 131–32; Lassa fever in, 12, 26; life expectancy in, 30; literacy rates in, 30; military response to outbreak in, 118; mortality rates of Ebola virus in, 69; poverty in, 30; religious communities in, 222; treatment units for Ebola patients in, 66. See also West Africa Ebola outbreak; specific cities
Silicon Valley Community Foundation, 216
Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson: cremation of Ebola victims ordered by, 109, 231, 232; election of, 29, 99, 100; nonattendance at African Leaders Summit, 106; quarantine imposed by, 101–02; requests for aid by, 47, 100, 105, 114
Slums: Conakry, 3, 43; contact tracing in, 67–68, 85; Freetown, 3; as incubators for Ebola virus, 3–4, 80; Lagos, 79, 87; Monrovia, 1, 3, 43, 100–01, 103, 111; quarantine imposed on, 101–02
Smallpox, 46
Smith, Gayle, 5, 105, 107, 119–20, 150, 244
Souza, Pete, 244
Spanish influenza, 22, 269
Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force–Crisis Response, 153
Spencer, Craig, 194–96, 198–99, 203, 244, 261
Spillover, 18
Sprecher, Armand, 1–2, 117
State Department, U.S., 60, 94–95, 106
Sterk, Esther, 12
Stigma of Ebola virus, 53, 67, 74, 84, 90, 262
Stokes, Charlie: as CDC Foundation director, 211; cell phones procured by, 212; emergency operations center funding gathered by, 213–14; on flexibility of funding, 211, 218; transportation donations acquired by, 215–16; visits to outbreak areas, 212, 213, 216, 217
Stop Ebola card game, 236
Sudan virus (SUDV), 21, 22, 237
Supportive care treatment regimen, 173
Tai Forest virus (TAFV), 26, 238
Tamba, Finda, 14, 33
Taylor, Charles, 28
Telephones, Ebola case monitoring with, 209–12
Terrorism, 23, 48. See also September 11 terror attacks
Thucydides, 19, 21
Thune, John, 167
TKM-Ebola treatment, 165, 250
Tolbert, William, 29
Toure, Ahmed Sekou, 28, 30
Tourism, 36, 46, 258
Towner, Jonathan, 139, 140
Transportation infrastructure, 215–16, 254
Transportation Security Administration, U.S., 171, 184, 207
Traore, Alexis, 11–13
&
nbsp; Travel bans, 37, 81, 167–68, 178, 257
Treatments. See Experimental treatments
Treatment units. See Ebola treatment units
Trimble, Lauren, 166
Troh, Louise, 161–62, 166, 168, 170
Trump, Donald, on Ebola outbreak, 106
Tuberculosis, 46, 247
Typhoid, 220
Uganda, Ebola virus in, 22
United Nations Development Programme, 230
United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), 40, 108, 136
United Nations Mission for Ebola Emergency Response (UNMEER), 152, 157, 204, 256, 257
United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL), 152, 157
U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID): burial teams supported by, 104, 225; Disaster Assistance Response Team, 107–08, 119, 122–23, 145–46; downplay of threat from Ebola outbreak, 60; Food for Peace program, 248; funding for Ebola relief efforts, 108, 187, 221; leadership of, 3, 96, 105; Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, 102–03, 118, 231, 240, 266; public education campaigns by, 40; recovery efforts by, 248; supply shipments from, 30, 114; treatment units funded by, 123; water sanitation programs sponsored by, 220
U.S. Army Ebola deployment: accommodations for, 155–56; announcement of, 150; medical precautions taken in, 148, 154; mission parameters for, 146–47, 153–54, 159; staging base for, 151; training for, 149, 153; treatment units constructed by, 153–59, 185, 230, 239–40, 242, 255
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID): biosecurity level-4 capabilities of, 173; diagnostic testing conducted by, 48, 49, 64, 113, 121; epidemic response preparedness efforts, 48; in experimental treatment debate, 77; infectious disease research by, 23–25; leadership of, 149; pharmaceutical research by, 121–22, 250; training missions undertaken by, 149
U.S. Global Development Lab, 255
USAID. See U.S. Agency for International Development
USAMRIID. See U.S. Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases
Vaccines, 27, 48, 49, 84, 250–52
Van Herp, Michel, 12–13
VanRoekel, Steve, 255
Vaz, Rui, 83
Vinson, Amber Joy, 171–75, 244, 261
Viruses. See specific viruses
Volesky, Gary, 151–54, 156–57, 236
Walmart, 212, 214
Ward, Matt, 233
Warren, Travis, 122, 249
Water sanitation programs, 34, 40, 104, 220–21, 224, 253
Weinstein, Gary, 165
West Africa Ebola outbreak: case curve of, 97, 119–20, 130, 143, 236; causes of, 252–54, 256; CDC response effort, 44, 45, 118–19, 130–38; contact tracing of, 12, 52–54, 66–68, 85–87; cremation of victims, 2, 100, 109–10, 231; data science as tool in, 141–43; decline of new cases in, 51–52, 236, 242, 245; downplay of threat from, 36, 44, 46, 60, 106; economic costs of, 108, 187, 218, 230, 258; identification process, 9–14; inadequacy of response efforts, 4–5, 43–47, 60, 69, 100, 107, 117, 142; local responses to, 35–38, 137, 223; mortality rates, 33, 44, 69, 259; MSF response effort, 48, 110–11; origins and spread of, 3, 7–15, 33, 220; philanthropic contributions to, 122, 212–17; public education campaigns during, 37–40, 57, 85, 236, 254; recovery efforts, 247–48; reemergence of, 55–57, 59–66; United Nations response to, 152; WHO response effort, 33–34, 36–37, 43, 123. See also Burial teams; Ebola treatment units (ETUs); Experimental treatments; Hot zones; Quarantines; specific countries and cities
West Nile virus, 24
WHO. See World Health Organization
Williams, Darryl, 149–51, 153–54
Williams, Marthalene, 162, 164
Wolf, Frank, 167, 179
Women, risk of Ebola infection for, 38, 102, 247
Woodring, Joe, 65–66, 133–35, 205–06
World Bank, 30, 229, 248, 258
World Health Organization (WHO): African region of, 46–47; on aftereffects of Ebola survivors, 246; criticisms of, 3, 44–47, 60, 69, 100, 107, 142, 256; on dead body management, 222; downplay of threat from Ebola outbreak, 36, 44, 46; establishment of, 46; in experimental treatment debate, 77, 96–97; funding for, 45, 257, 262–63; in international response effort, 33–34, 36–37, 43, 123; investigation of Ebola outbreaks by, 10, 12–14, 21; Lassa fever prevention by, 82; public eduction campaigns by, 37–39, 254; recommendations for change, 256–58, 262; on spread of Ebola virus, 220; statistics and situational reports issued by, 15, 36, 57; Zika cases reported by, 267
World Vision, 222–24, 226, 229, 233
Woryonwon, George, 225
Writebol, David, 91, 92
Writebol, Nancy: aftereffects of Ebola virus experienced by, 261; blood transfusions from, 173; contraction of Ebola virus by, 92–95; experimental treatment received by, 94, 96; missionary work of, 91; recovery from Ebola virus, 95–96, 97
Xi Jinping, 120
Yaya, Kumba, 14
Yellow fever, 21, 24
Zaire, Ebola virus in, 19–21
Zeitlin, Larry, 93
Zika virus, 8, 18, 267–68
ZMapp, 77–78, 81, 93–97, 122, 165, 249
Zoonosis, 8, 18, 53, 268
Zuckerberg, Mark, 215, 216