The Book of Memory
Page 90
Jean de Meun 382
discussion of 456
Le Roman de la rose 431
Infeld, Leopold, on Einstein
2 –3, 4
Jerome, St. 145, 181–182, 208, 228, 236, 267–268, information
380–381, 402–403, 432
dissemination, in Middle Ages
198, 200
commentary on Ezekiel 20, 53–54, 209, 426
retrieval systems 378–379
commentary on Isaiah 403
initial letters
division of Bible and citational style 122–123,
decoration (in manuscripts)
121– 122, 285–287,
124–125, 281, 402, 433
310, 441
Index and gloss of Hebrew names in the Bible
as mnemonic device
106 , 127
144–146, 409
Innocent III, Pope
134 –135, 402
metaphors for memory 39, 53–54, 59–60
inspiration, Avicenna on
74–75
on reading and meditative composition 238
Insular Gospels 333–335
translation of the Psalms 267, 282, 403
‘‘intellectual memory’ 62–63, 73
jewels, on book covers / in illuminations 47–49
intellectual property see plagiarism
John I of England 402
intentio (response), as component of memory-
John XXII, Pope 196
image 65, 85 , 389
John Damascene, St. 347
see a lso
auctor : author’s intention; concentration John of Garland 138, 162–163, 172, 178–179, 186,
intentus (state of concentration)
215–216
329–330, 412
see also concentration
on architectural mnemonic / Rhetorica ad
intercolumnia , as background places (in memory)
Herennium 156–159, 182
118 , 173 –174
compared with Bradwardine 163, 165,
intervallum 90, 189
, 456–457
169, 457
see also distancia
Parisiana poetria 156, 157, 163
508
General index
John of Metz
332
Latin
John of Mirfield
315
knowledge of, as criterion for literacy
12
‘‘Florarium Bartholomei’ 229
rules of grammar, mnemonic for
99
John of Salisbury
32, 51, 211–212
, 378, 423, 426, 435
syntax (compared with English)
397
account of Bernard of Chartres
111 , 222, 272
Latini, Brunetto 155
and artificial memory schemes
134, 188
Treśor 83 , 193–194
, 227–228, 229 , 393
on link between
notae and memoria 142 –143
LaTour-Landry, Knight of
450–451
Metalogicon 142
law, studies 12 , 13
Johnson, R. 417
see also canon law; Decretals; lawyers
judgment, moral 225
Lawler, Traugott 412
role of memory in shaping
11 , 85 –86, 172, 219 lawyers Julian Antecessor 46
memory aids for
99
Julius Caesar, C.
84
need for well-stocked memory
127, 137 ,
(alleged) prodigious memory
8, 93 , 370
192 –193
Julius Victor 111 , 222, 398
training in ars notataria 141, 157
on composition 250–251
see also law
disparages architectural mnemonic
107 ,
Layamon, Brut 49
180–181
Leclercq, Jean 17, 112, 129, 143, 424
justicia, as example of word imperfectly
lectio 205–206, 210– 211, 423, 427
representing res 30–31
difference between meditatio and 202, 213,
Juvenal (D. Iunius Iuvenalis)
84 , 215
228–229, 276
listeners’ response to 216
Kauffman, C. M.
325
see also reading
Kells, Book of
47, 333, 335,
337, 451 –452, 454
Legrand, Jacques 10
Kerby-Fulton, Katherine 291, 446
letters see litterae
key-word system 144–149
Le´vi-Strauss, Claude 37
Kidson, Peter 453–454
Libellus de formatione arche (Hugh of St. Victor)
knowledge, pre-modern conceptions of5 8–59,
155, 294–302, 307, 323, 324–325, 326–327,
69 , 71–72
336, 446–447, 448
compared with modern theory
30
absence of graphic realization 294, 303
and prudence 83
on division into ‘‘roomettes’’ 302
see also Aristotle
elevation plan 297–298
Kristeller, Paul O.
432
mnemonic advice 295
(modern) attempts at realization 448
Lacan, Jacques 227
moralizing content 295–297, 298,
ladder diagrams, of Hugh of St. Victor
299–302, 447
300–302, 336
plan of whole structure 297–298
see also Jacob’s ladder
(possible) visual basis 448
laity
representation of Biblical/Christian history
growth in popularity of arts of memory among
298–300
192 –194
symbolic use of color 295, 297, 298, 299
literacy of 274, 420, 442–443
title 385, 400–401, 412, 439
manuscripts produced by
287– 291
see also cosmology
Lancelot romance, Dante and
232 –233, 433
libraries 200
Langland, William 291
catalogues 99, 151–152
see also Piers Plowman
as metaphor for memory 39, 42, 151–152, 180
Langton, Stephen 402– 403, 409, 433
monastic see bestiaries; catalogues above
chapter divisional scheme for Bible
121,
private see books: private collection
122–123 , 233
see also Alexandrine Greece
language
light, nature of 69–70
relationship with Truth/reality
11
lignum (sapientiae/vitae) see arbor ; Tree of
sounds of, as memory aid
158–159 , 169
Knowledge; Tree of Life
subsidiary role with respect to
memoria 11
linea (line), as mnemonic ordering device
theory 28–30, 37
162–163, 183–184
Lateran Council, Fourth
193 , 402
literacy 36, 371–372
General index
509
distinction between ‘‘oral’ and ‘‘literate’
male (leather strong-box), as metaphor for
cultures 11 , 18, 19, 212
memory 40, 49–51, 383
relationship between memoria and 11 –12
Malory, Thomas, Morte d’Arthur, Winchester
see also ‘‘illiteracy’’; laity; orality
manuscript 324
literature
manuscripts, mnemonic value of page lay-out/
distinguished from literacy
11–12
decoration 10, 118–122
, 164, 292, 314
institutionalization 11, 13
see also books; decoration; laity; marginalia;
and memoria 10, 227
scribes; vernacular
moral function 17, 210 , 224 –227, 432
maps
‘‘socialization’ 11, 14, 262–263, 268–269
mappa mundi 301
see also authority/authorship; books;
mental 26
composition; reading; texts; vernacular;
marginalia, manuscript 309–324
writing
academic ( divisiones/discretiones) 106– 107
littera, as first mode of Biblical exegesis
bas-de-page pictorial narratives 315
205–206, 210
citations 125
littera inintelligibilis (Thomas Aquinas’s ‘‘short-
connection between memory-images and
170,
hand’’) 5, 146 –147, 251
267–268, 324
litterae
enclosed in images
310–314
as category of signs
235–236, 278
florilegial 220, 274
function 139–140
grotesques and ‘‘drolleries’
170 , 315 , 414
symbolism (for Hugh of St. Victor)
295, 447
mnemonic function 323
see also Isidore of Seville
notae 135 –136
Livy (T. Livius)
84
Petrarch’s use of
204
loculamenta 42, 44, 381
recurrent images 318–324
locus, loci (background places in architectural
space left for reader’s additions
269, 405, 413
mnemonic) 33, 37, 149
, 416
written before main text
269–271
Albertus Magnus on
173– 174, 349– 352, 356–359
see also catena; Grosseteste, Robert;
tituli
Bradwardine’s rules for
164 –166, 361–362
Marius Victorinus 183
Cicero on 91
Markus, R. A.
377
essential features 97–98 , 173–174
, 178–179
Marrou, Henri I.
17, 141
Hugh of St. Victor’s understanding of
34
2,
Marsh, Adam 146 , 149
455 (see also Hugh of St. Victor: number grid) Marshal, William 402
placement 179
Martial (M. Valerius Martialis)
4 2, 177
in Rhetorica ad Herennium
90
Martianus Capella 25, 33 , 110, 135 , 205
, 379– 380
Thierry on 188–189, 445
memory advice 182–184, 185–186, 215, 416 , 417
logic, relationship to
memoria 190–191 , 378– 379
Martin of Braga
393
Lombard, Peter 121
Matheolus of Perugia
59, 61–62, 190,
Biblical commentary 265–268
244–245, 436
Long, R. J.
421
Matson, Wallace I.
60
‘‘Long Charter of Christ’ (anon.)
444
Mazzotta, Guiseppe 391
Longinus 44
meadows see fields
Louis XI of France
5
medical theory of memory 60–68, 207, 386–387
Lucan, Pharsalia 223, 225–226
diagrammatic representation 67–68
Ludwig I, Emperor
197, 421
meditatio/meditation 202–203, 204, 206, 210–211, Lull, Ramo
ń 331 –332, 453
213, 216, 228–229, 427
Luria, A. R., description of Russian mnemonist
circumstances appropriate to 252
see Shereshevski
considered as memorial activity 53–54, 212
Lydgate, John 279, 314 –315
(dangers of) excess 61
etymology 244–245
McKeon, Richard 375
pictorial representation 289–291
Macrobius 84 , 345, 435
role in composition 241, 276
Magna Carta 402
three-stage process 231
Maimonides 84
see also digestion–rumination metaphor; Hugh
Malcolm, Norman 373
of St. Victor;
lectio; murmur of meditation;
Maˆ le, Emile 274–275
reading
510
General index
memoria orationis see
themes, memory for
book decoration as source of
281–291
memory, centrality to medieval culture
x, 1–2, 9 ,
Bradwardine on 166, 327, 362
15, 153
Cicero’s rules for
32, 91–92
see also education
distinguished from other kinds of image
73 –76
memory-as-book metaphor 10, 18, 33, 137, emotional component 75–76, 85 , 87 , 211
278–279
grouping 167 –168, 179
, 299
memory feats, prodigious
8, 14, 21 –22
, 76–77,
Holcot’s use of
136, 293
94 –98
Hugh de Fouilloy’s use of
308–309
skepticism regarding 92
Hugh of St. Victor’s use of pieces of text
10 as
0,
see also mnemonists
101–102 , 117 –118, 295
memory for things (
memoria ad res
) / imagines
for numbers 170 –171, 368
rerum 110–116, 185–186, 234–235
painture and 277
advice in Dialexeis 32, 274
physical location 32
and book decoration
309
physiological theories of
59 , 60
–68 , 70–72, 80,
description of technique in
Rhetoria ad
86 , 389, 428–429
Herennium 91, 110, 174
pictorial nature 21 , 26– 28, 31–32, 72 , 91–92, 97, ethical superiority over memory for words
176 –177, 279–280, 308, 417
–418
92– 93
and process of recollection
7 7–78
Fortunatianus on 110–118
reading and 276–277
imagines rerum associated with Psalm texts
representational aspect 26–30
282–287
Rhetorica ad Herennium
’s advice concerning
and manuscript illustration
282–285, 314
91, 164 , 174
–178, 188, 216 , 315
Martianus Capella on
183, 185–186
Shereshevski’s use of
95 –97
and plagiarism 272
significant features 75–76 , 179
Quintilian on value of
imagines rerum 185,
single, construction from multiple
244
309–310 , 315
spatial nature 80
Thierry’s explanation of
188–189
temporal nature 76
‘‘word-pictures’ as imagines rerum 292 ,
variety 179, 184
309–310
‘‘visualized homophony,’ as principle for
see also Albertus Magnus; De memoria
forming 32
, 91,
132 (see also homophony:
artificiale adquirenda
visual)
memory for words (
memoria ad verba
) / imagines
vivid/unusual, mnemonic value
166 –167 ,
verborum 94–95, 110–116
168–169 , 176–177
, 179, 189
, 315, 337, 352–353,
advice in Dialexeis 32, 274
359–360, 362–363, 407 ( see also under
description of technique in
Rhetorica ad
oratory)
Herennium 91, 110, 175–176
see also habitus; memory for things; memory
Fortunatianus’s advice on
110–118
for words; Quintilian; synaesthesia; Thomas
Martianus Capella on
183
Aquinas; ‘‘word-pictures’
and plagiarism 272
memory-places see locus
(recommended) reservation for extracts from memory-storage 56 –76
poets 91
see also locus; memory-images; seal-in-wax
reservations concerning image-making
model; store-house model
schemes 92–93
mens, used to mean trained memory
53
Thierry’s mistrust of
188–189
see also mind
Thomas Waleys’s advice on
113–114
Merton College, Oxford, Bradwardine at 163
see also Albertus Magnus; Bradwardine;
Metrodorus Scepsis 32, 92, 93, 110, 414
Quintilian
Michael (monk), letter of Guido d’Arezzo to 133
memory-images / mental imagery
1
8–21 , 37
Miethke, Ju¨rgen 197
for abstractions see abstractions
Miller, George A. 86, 105, 116
advice against using ready-made
180, 189,
Milton, John 207
335–336, 353– 354, 392
mind–body problem 60, 64–65, 387, 389
Albertus Magnus on creation of
174, 351
mind/mental activity, ancient and medieval
Aristotle’s theories concerning
18–19, 27, 60,
theories concerning 60
65 , 79 –80, 375
three-fold classification 64
Bestiary as source of
see bestiaries
see also brain; mens; mind–body problem; soul
General index
511
miniator 117
Nepotianus 380–381
Minnis, Alastair J.
386
nidus 42
mirror see Gregory I (on reading);
Speculum
Nietzsche, Friedrich 428
theologiae
night, memorizing easier at
110, 183, 215
mistakes see recollection: errors of
Noah (Biblical character)
51–55
mnemonics 8–9 , 15, 16, 99–100, 396
dove released by
43 , 305
, 382
attitudes to, from first to thirteenth century
see also Ark of Noah;
De archa Noe
; Libellus
153 –155
de formatione arche
(both Hugh of
attitudes to, modern
vs . medieval 134
St. Victor)
dissemination into general culture