by S. C. Gwynne
see also specific battles and conflicts
influenza, 192
Interior Department, U.S., 161, 233–34
Iowas, 210
Iroquois, 5, 27, 44, 59, 228
Isa-tai, 264–72, 285, 289, 290, 298, 300, 314
Isawaconi, Chief, 88
Isimanica, Chief, 87–88, 93
Jacksboro, Tex., 156, 203
Jackson, Andrew, 139
James, Thomas, 34
Jerome, David, 308, 309
Jerome Agreement, 310, 312
Jerome Commission, 308–10
Jicarilla Apaches, 56, 57, 58
Johnson, Britt, 120
Johnson, Middleton T., 154–55, 174
Johnston, Albert Sidney, 83, 98
Jumanos, 60
Kansas, 5, 14, 23, 25, 56, 58, 59, 207, 208, 209, 210, 262, 319
Kansas Indians, 28, 314
Karnes, Henry W., 83–84
Keechis, 16, 209
Kelliheir, Tom, 176, 177
Kellogg, Elizabeth, 17, 18, 22, 36, 119, 120
Kentucky, 80, 140
Kentucky rifles, 132, 137–38, 143, 144, 146
Ketumseh, Chief, 114
Kichais, 37, 77, 120, 211
Kickapoos, 35, 77, 122, 209, 211, 257, 276, 314
Kiowas, 3, 4, 16, 31, 33, 59, 93, 112, 113, 115, 158, 159, 163, 201, 208, 209, 212–19, 224, 225, 226, 230–33, 242, 251, 253–54, 259–68, 272, 274, 277, 281–84, 288, 290, 294–98, 300, 303, 312, 314
Koh-mats (Komantcia), 35
Kotsoteka Comanches, 49, 50, 70, 89, 93, 113, 118, 122, 158, 167–70, 203, 209, 229, 251, 254, 256, 258, 290, 297
Kwihnai (Eagle), 117
Lakota Sioux, 14–15, 50, 274
Lamar, Mirabeau Buonaparte, 73–77, 83, 88, 111, 114–15, 119, 125, 131, 145
land grants, 4, 13–14, 75, 77, 83, 139, 310
language, 24, 27, 34, 42, 48–49, 84, 92, 93, 103, 106, 117, 178, 184, 187–89, 191, 214, 258, 264
Laredo, Tex., 143
Lawton, Okla., 111
Leavenworth, Fort, 294
Leavenworth, J. H., 230–32, 233
Lee, Robert E., 207
Legion Valley, 202
Lehmann, Herman, 43–44, 134, 255, 293
Leupp, Francis E., 314
Lewis, Meriwether, 25
Lewis, M. G., 109
Lincoln, Abraham, 152, 185, 212, 215
Linn, John J., 96, 99–100, 327n
Linnville, Tex., raid (1840), 94–96, 100, 101, 111, 266, 327n
Lipan Apaches, 49, 57, 62, 64, 65, 68, 79, 80, 100, 141, 142, 144, 159
Little Bighorn, Battle of, 79, 217, 236, 245, 304
Little Buffalo, Chief, 212
Little Round Top, Battle of, 81
Little Wolf, Chief, 88, 93, 328n
Llano, Tex., 106, 202
Llano Estacado, 2, 6, 195, 202–3, 209, 214, 229, 233, 242, 246, 248, 252–54, 275, 278, 284, 312
Lockhart, Andrew, 81, 88
Lockhart, Matilda, 81, 84, 85, 87, 88, 104
Lockhart, William, 88
lodges, 7, 88, 100–101, 108, 111, 167, 193, 216–17, 219, 225, 242, 245, 255, 276, 281
Lone Wolf, Chief, 263, 272, 273, 283, 290, 298, 303, 314
looting, 66–67, 95–96, 99, 136–37, 177
Louis XIV, King of France, 160
Louisiana, 39, 59, 60, 108
Louisiana Purchase (1803), 40, 128
Lubbock, Tex., 39, 246, 283
Luster, Sarah, 104
Lynn, Isaac, 173–74
McCarthy, Cormac, v
McClellan’s Creek, 6–7, 254–57, 277, 294–95
McCulloch, Ben, 79, 93–94, 98, 99, 146, 161, 166, 327n
Mackenzie, Ranald Slidell, 2–11, 79, 235–57, 258, 263, 275–87, 289, 290–91, 292, 293–94, 304–7, 317
Mackenzie’s Raiders, 2–11, 235–57, 275–87
McLaughlin, N. B., 276
Maman-ti, Chief, 281
Manassas, Second Battle of, 236, 237
Mandans, 112
Manifest Destiny, 23, 163–64, 212, 228
Marcy, Randolph, 3, 26, 117–18, 126, 201
Martinez, Anton, 177, 178, 182
Mason, A. B., 178–79
massacres, 82–88, 91, 92, 100–101, 111–12, 120, 164–81, 219–21, 223, 224, 238, 255
Masterson, William Barclay “Bat,” 270
Matagorda Bay, 95
Maverick, Mary, 84, 86, 97
medicine, 4, 45, 47, 92, 94, 98, 112, 143, 168, 199, 203, 224, 233, 264–72, 273, 281, 286
Medicine Dance, 286
Medicine Lodge treaty (1867), 224–34, 240–41, 309
medicine men (shamans), 4, 47, 143, 168, 264–72, 273, 281
Menard, Tex., 62
Mescalero Apaches, 57, 205, 214–15
Mesquiteville, Tex., 156
Mexia, Tex., 13
Mexican War, 69, 128–30, 138–39, 143, 147–49, 150, 159–60, 165–66, 170
Mexico, 6, 13, 19, 24, 27–28, 42, 50, 52, 54, 55, 58, 61, 63, 64, 77, 82, 83, 91, 95, 104, 108, 110, 114, 115, 126, 128–32, 133, 159, 160, 162, 201–2, 204, 224, 241, 257, 263, 276, 319
Mexico City, 20, 29, 69, 143
Mézières, Athanase de, 32–33
Milam, Fort, 137
Miles, Nelson A., 79, 275–77, 303
Military Division of the Missouri, 262
Milky Way, Chief, 203, 290
Miller family, 303–4
Minnesota, 211–12, 216
missions, Spanish, 13, 20, 55, 58, 61, 62–67, 82, 87–88
Mississippi rifles, 168
Missouri, 123, 129
Missouris, 28, 210
Modocs, 210
Monterrey, Mex., 58
Moore, John, 78–82, 84, 85, 100, 136, 137, 140
Morgan, T. J., 301–2
Mormons, 166
Mule Creek, 153, 155, 174, 181, 195
mules, 9, 34, 100, 105, 109, 110–11, 201, 202, 241, 262, 318
Murrah, Fort, 213
muskets, 33, 133, 160, 168, 204, 217, 223, 232–33, 245, 269
Muskogees, 77
mustangs, 26, 28, 30–31, 34, 56, 110, 133
Nacogdoches, Tex., 120
National Geographic Magazine, 190–91
Native American Church, 314
Native Americans:
agricultural programs for, 27–30, 31, 47, 55, 57, 77, 164, 210, 228, 229–33, 240–41, 286
alcoholism of, 262, 266
annuities for, 163, 226, 231–32, 240, 241, 288–89
assimilation of, 54, 55, 62–66, 69, 76–77, 89–90, 111, 164, 281, 301–4, 311, 313, 318, 319
battle tactics of, 238–39
“civilized tribes” of, 76–77, 90, 162, 209–11, 230–31
Confederate vs. Union, 210–11
dances of, 27, 199, 201, 202, 215, 216, 224, 227, 259, 266, 286, 299–300
diseases contracted by, 6, 54, 89, 91, 92, 103, 112–13, 116, 126, 164
eastern tribes of, 4–5, 26–27, 113, 133, 228
extermination of, 3, 23, 74, 75–77, 79, 83–88, 112–13, 209–10, 262, 273, 274–87
federal policy on, 75, 82–88, 107, 109, 116, 129–30, 158, 159–65, 208–9, 218, 220, 221, 222–34, 240–41, 255, 256–57, 308–10
food supplies for, 231–32, 288–89, 290, 291–92, 294, 339n
as hostages, 83–88
leadership of, 7–11, 12, 13, 21, 42–43, 49, 50–52, 84–88, 91–92, 107–8, 113–16, 142, 229; see also specific leaders
peace policy for, 2, 82–88, 159–65, 218, 220, 221, 222–34, 238, 240–42, 309
population of, 37, 60, 104, 204, 251, 258–60, 274, 339n
religious conversion of, 55, 62–66, 69
on reservations, 162, 164–65, 167, 169, 171, 204, 209–10, 212, 214, 226–33, 240–41, 251, 252, 256, 257, 266–67, 273, 274–75, 284–319, 339n
territories of, 3, 74–78, 164–65
treaties with, 6, 24, 49, 59, 62–66, 69, 71–72, 74, 75–77, 82–88, 107,
114–15, 133, 159–65, 170–71, 209, 222–34, 240–41, 283, 295–96, 309
villages of, 74–78, 92, 100–101, 111, 117, 142, 152–53, 159, 167–70, 174–76, 202, 215–21, 242–49, 254–57, 276–77, 280–82
see also specific tribes
Nautdah (Cynthia Ann Parker), 7–8, 12–22, 36, 37–38, 47, 74, 102–18, 120, 125–27, 135, 151–53, 157, 174, 177–93, 194, 196, 197, 200, 286–87, 290–91, 300, 316–17, 318
Navajos, 69, 71, 196–97, 213, 214–15, 229
Nebraska, 14, 24, 32, 274
Neeley, Bill, 337n
Neighbors, Robert, 49, 116, 126, 162, 164, 165
Nermernuh (People), 27, 28, 35, 48, 92, 96, 113, 131, 152, 209, 213, 215–16, 256, 258, 259, 263
New Mexico, 14, 19, 23, 24, 29–30, 35, 50–63, 69–70, 71, 75, 122, 128, 196–97, 200–201, 207, 214, 215, 223, 252, 253, 292, 295, 305
New Spain, 28–29, 59–60, 63, 67, 69, 70
New York Times, 307
98th meridian, 78, 129, 158–59, 201, 308
Nixon, L. D., 18
Nixon, Sarah Parker, 16
Nixon, Tom, 260
Nokoni Comanches, 37–38, 49, 50, 89, 93, 104, 118, 122, 158, 196–97, 203, 209, 229, 241, 251, 256, 265–66, 267, 290
Nolan, Nicholas, 292–93
nomads, 5–6, 21, 24–25, 27, 35, 46, 56–57, 78, 105–17, 152, 164, 195–97, 198, 233, 259–60, 318
Nooki, 255
Northern Arapahoes, 274
Northern Cheyennes, 274, 305
“northers,” 39–40, 143, 175, 196, 247–49
North Fork, 254–57, 278, 294–95
Nuevo León State, Mex., 115
Nye, W. S., 26
Office of Indian Affairs, U.S., 158, 161–62, 224, 230–34
Oglala Sioux, 44, 238–39
O-ha-ma-tai, Chief, 281
Oklahoma, 5, 14, 23, 25, 49, 56, 58, 59, 76, 108, 113, 117, 155, 165, 196, 200, 209, 230, 274, 297, 312
Oklahoma City, Okla., 25, 38
Old Bear, 205–6
Old Owl, Chief (Mopechucope), 88, 107, 115, 328n
Omahas, 28
Oñate, Don Juan de, 29
One Thousand Things Worth Knowing, 189
Opothle Yahola, Chief, 211
O’Quinn, J. R., 191, 192, 316
Oregon Trail, 5, 129, 224
Ortiz, Polonio, 252–54
Osages, 19, 21, 24, 26, 28, 59, 68, 210, 239
Otos, 210
Ottawas, 210
Outdoor Pastimes of the American Hunter (Roosevelt), 313
Over-the-Buttes, Chief, 170–71
Padouca, 25, 323n
Pah-hah-yuco, Chief, 88, 107–8, 113, 115, 116, 328n
Palestine, Tex., 18–19, 192
Palo Duro Canyon, 6–7, 114, 122, 275, 276–83, 294–96, 339n
Palo Duro Canyon, Battle of, 279–83
Paloma Apaches, 58
Palo Pinto County, Tex., 156, 251
Pamunkeys, 4–5
paraibos, 91–92, 107, 266, 318
Parker, Ann, 189
Parker, Baldwin, 117, 200, 322n
Parker, Benjamin, 17, 18, 178
Parker, Cynthia Ann (White Squaw) (Nautdah), 7–8, 12–22, 36, 37–38, 47, 74, 102–18, 120, 125–27, 135, 151–53, 157, 174, 177–93, 194, 196, 197, 200, 286–87, 290–91, 300, 316–17, 318
Parker, Daniel, 20, 127, 135, 153, 321n, 322n
Parker, Isaac, 127, 153–54, 179–80, 182–89, 291
Parker, Isaac Duke, 186
Parker, James, 15, 18–19, 20, 119–20, 123–27, 131, 153, 178, 182
Parker, John, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 37, 153
Parker, John Richard, 18, 36, 37–38, 103, 117–18, 119, 125–26, 178
Parker, Lucy, 17–18, 37, 110, 126, 182
Parker, Orlena, 182, 189, 191, 316
Parker, Quanah, see Quanah, Chief
Parker, Sallie, 16, 17, 18
Parker, Silas, 15, 16–17, 18, 125, 153
Parker, Silas, Jr., 182, 189–93
Parker, White, 318
Parker, William, 187–89
Parker County, Tex., 153–54, 156, 157, 183
Parker Raid (1836), 12–22, 23, 41, 108, 109, 110, 119–20, 152, 157, 158, 178–80, 181, 182, 189, 322n
Parker’s Fort, 8, 12–22, 23, 25, 26, 39, 50, 74, 108, 109, 110, 117–18, 157, 158, 179–80, 181, 182
Parkman, Francis, 261
Parrilla, Don Diego Ortiz de, 62–69
Pawnees, 21, 26, 28, 31–32, 59, 60, 210, 314
peace commission, U.S., 224–34
peace policy, 2, 220, 221–34, 238, 240–42
“Peanuts,” 117, 151, 178, 180, 194, 195, 295, 334n
Pease River, Battle of, 175–81, 185, 194–96, 199, 200, 208, 295, 317
Pecos, N. Mex., 57, 61
Penateka Comanches, 49, 50, 80–82, 88, 89–101, 107–16, 139, 142, 146–47, 163, 164, 171–72, 196–97, 203, 209, 210, 226–27, 229, 233, 251, 256, 258, 266, 267, 290, 301, 324n
Penobscots, 4–5
Peorias, 210
Pequots, 4–5
Permansu, 298–99
Perry, Matthew, 235
Peta Nocona, 8, 37, 109–11, 116–17, 151–56, 157, 158, 169, 174, 176–77, 180, 181, 183, 195–96, 197, 200, 203, 295, 317, 334n
Pettis, George, 217, 218, 219
peyote rites, 313–14
Phil Kearney, Fort, 238
Piamempits (Big Cannibal Owl), 198
Piedras Negras, Mex., 159
Pierce, Franklin, 164
Pizarro, Francisco, 55
Placido, Chief, 167
Plains Indians, 3, 5–6, 17, 20, 30–31, 38, 47–48, 57, 59, 66, 78, 79, 97, 98, 103, 120–21, 130, 133, 169, 181, 199, 203, 212, 215–16, 226–28, 230, 232, 233, 263, 278, 283, 313
Plainview, Tex., 249
Plum Creek, Battle of, 94, 96–100, 111, 114, 136, 140, 266
Plummer, James Pratt, 17, 22, 38, 42, 119, 124, 125, 126–27
Plummer, L. T. M., 21–22, 42, 124, 126
Plummer, Rachel Parker, 16, 17, 21–22, 36–52, 74, 75, 104, 107, 119, 120–25, 126, 184
Plummer, Wilson P., 125
Pobishequasso, Chief (Iron Jacket), 168, 281
Pockmark, Jim, 167
Polk, James K., 163
Poncas, 210, 314
Pope, John, 224
Post Oak Jim, 45
Post Oak Mission, 316–17
Pottawotamies, 210
Powder Face, Chief, 267
Powder River Expedition, 305
prairie, 13–14, 38–40, 93, 155, 156, 175, 196
prairie dogs, 2–3, 9, 52, 269
Prairie Dog Town Fork, 252, 275, 276–77, 294
Prairie Flower (Toh-tsee-ah), 8, 151, 153, 182, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190–91, 287, 290–91, 316
prairie storms, 8, 39–40, 79–80, 143, 175, 196, 247–49
presidios, 20, 55, 61, 62–67
Price, William, 275, 277
Prince, Captain, 170–71
Pueblo Indians, 29, 30–31, 35, 123
Pueblo revolt (1680), 30–31
“puha” (personal medicine), 45, 98, 264–72
Qua-ha-da, 249
Quahadi Comanches, 5–11, 49–50, 89, 114, 122, 158, 209, 223, 229, 242–49, 251, 252, 255, 256–57, 258, 259, 275, 284–85, 289, 290, 294, 324n
Quakers, 2, 234, 240–41, 251
Quanah, Acme and Pacific Railroad, 311, 317
Quanah, Chief, 194–206, 283–319
adoptions by, 302–3
assimilation of, 301–4, 311–13, 318, 319
at Battle of Blanco Canyon, 6–11, 242–49, 250, 276, 334n
birth of, 13, 196
cattle herds of, 222–23, 296–99, 300, 301–2, 310
childhood of, 151, 194–99
children of, 302–3, 318, 319
as Comanche leader, 194–206, 288–319, 339n
correspondence of, 286–87, 291
death of, 318–19
escapes of, 178, 180, 194–96, 199, 20
0, 245–49, 272, 278, 283–87, 317, 334n
film appearance of, 312
at Fort Sill, 285–304
Geronimo compared with, 314–15, 317–18
Goodnight’s treaty with, 295–96
gravesite of, 318, 319
grazing lands leased by, 297–99
horse herd of, 205–6, 286, 290
horses stolen by, 200, 202, 203, 206, 222–23
Quanah, Chief (cont.)
house built by (Star House), 301–4, 311, 313, 318, 341n
intelligence of, 200, 289–90
Isa-tai’s alliance with, 264–72, 285, 289, 290, 300, 314
Kwihnai (Eagle) as name of, 117
Mackenzie’s friendship with, 286–87, 290–91, 292, 293–94, 304, 307
Mackenzie’s search for, 6–11, 283–87, 289, 317
marriage of, 205–6
at Medicine Lodge, 229
mixed blood of, 7–8, 12, 13, 21, 205, 285, 286–87, 316–17, 319
Parker relations of, 7–8, 12, 13, 21, 285, 286–87, 290–91, 300, 316–17, 319
personality of, 199–200, 202–6, 289–90, 311, 314, 317–18, 319
peyote rites supported by, 313–14
photographs of, 199, 300
physical appearance of, 183, 199–200, 244, 289, 300, 313
political influence of, 290–91, 297–300, 308–10, 313, 317
as Principal Chief of the Comanches, 289, 299, 304, 318
raids led by, 200–204, 222–23, 267–73, 337n
recollections of, 195–96, 317–18, 334n
renegade Comanches returned by, 292–94
reputation of, 288–319
reservation life of, 285–319
Roosevelt’s relationship with, 303, 311–13, 317
speeches given by, 312–13, 317–18, 334n
surrender of, 283–87, 289
vengeance sought by, 263, 265–66, 272–73, 290
vision quest of, 199
as war chief, 202–4, 206, 242–49, 264–72, 283–87, 289, 290, 291, 294–96, 299, 337n
as warrior, 6–11, 197–204, 207, 229, 240, 263, 264–72, 289
wealth of, 205–6, 289–90, 296–304, 310–11, 318
wives of, 205–6, 256, 289, 290, 300–302, 314, 318
wounding of, 203–4, 270
Quanah, Tex., 153
Quapaws, 210, 211
railroads, 5, 224, 251, 260–61, 311, 317
Red Cloud Sioux Agency, 304–5
Redd, William D., 88
Red River, Battle of the, 254–57, 294–95
Red River War, 254–57, 274–87, 294–95, 303, 304
reservations, Indian, 162, 164–65, 167, 169, 171, 204, 209–10, 212, 214, 226–33, 240–41, 251, 252, 256, 257, 266–67, 273, 274–75, 284–319, 339n
Richardson, Fort, 203
Richmond, Tex., 136
rifles, 5, 33, 78, 81, 86, 94, 97, 98, 132, 133, 137–38, 143, 160, 168, 172, 204, 208, 217, 223, 232–33, 242, 244–45, 260–62, 269, 270–71
