Beautiful Crescent: A History of New Orleans
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Livingston, Edward (1764-1836). Represented both New York and Louisiana in Congress. Served as Secretary of State under Andrew Jackson and later as Minister to France.
Long, Huey Pierce (1893-1935). Creator of the Share Our Wealth program. Assumed a prominent place in national affairs as US Senator and Presidential aspirant. He was assassinated at the height of his career.
Longstreet, James (1821-1904). Brigadier General in the Confederate Army who, after the war, became a republican. A resident of New Orleans, he became unpopular with the people of his state for his role in politics of the Reconstruction period. He was appointed Minister to Turkey by President Ulysses S. Grant.
Maestri, Robert (1889-1974). Mayor of New Orleans from 1936-46. Reorganized fiscal policies of the city and improved municipal facilities.
Matas, Rudolph, Dr. (1860-1957). Pioneer in the field of vascular surgery and recipient of medical decorations from many European and Latin American counties. A giant of medicine.
Mayo, Sara T., Dr. (1869-1930). Founded a hospital for women that bears her name.
McDonogh, John (1779-1850). Wealthy merchant whose bequest formed the foundation for the New Orleans public school system.
McMain, Eleanor Laura (1868-1934). Progressive reformer on social issues, including child labor legislation, and was a leader in the establishment of a School of Social Work through Newcomb College. A secondary school is named in her honor.
Morial, Ernest “Dutch” (1929-89). First black mayor of New Orleans, elected in 1977. In early political life, he was the first black assistant in the US Attorney’s office, the first black member of the legislature since Reconstruction, the first black juvenile court judge, and the first black Circuit Court of Appeals judge. Also, he was the first mayor to live on the historic Bayou St. John during his administration.
Morphy, Paul Charles (1837-84). Considered to be one of the greatest chess players of all time. Born in the house his grandfather built, later called the Beauregard House because of the general’s term of residence there.
Morrison, deLesseps S., Sr. (1912-64). Mayor of New Orleans from 1946-61, when he resigned to take the post of Ambassador to the Organization of American States, to which he was appointed by President Kennedy. Morrison and his son were killed in a plane crash en route to Mexico in May 1964.
Morton, Ferdinand La Mothe “Jelly Roll” (1885-1941). Reputed inventor of jazz. One of the jazz immortals. Played piano in Storyville for one dollar per night plus tips. His life is documented more than that of any other musician in jazz history. Jelly Roll and His Red Hot Peppers has been considered the peak of jazz-band excellence.
Newcomb, Josephine Louise Le Monnier (1816-1901). Founded Sophie Newcomb College as a memorial to her daughter, Sophie Newcomb. She provided contributions totaling $2.8 million.
Ochsner, Alton (1896-1981). Professor at Tulane from 1927-61. Served on staff of several hospitals and founded Ochsner Foundation Hospital. Spearheaded drive against smoking as a cause of lung cancer.
Pinchback, Pinckney Benton Stewart (1837-1921). Mulatto politician who became Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana during Reconstruction and acted as governor from 1872-73. He was the only black ever to serve as governor of Louisiana during that period.
Plimsoll, Samuel (1824-98). Became the leading advocate for safe loading conditions for ship operations in 1867. The Plimsoll mark, which he created, is a series of lines to be placed on both sides of ships, signifying the Load Line allowed for Tropical Water, Fresh Water, Tropical Zones, Summer, Winter, and Winter North Atlantic.
Pollock, Oliver (1737-1823). Irish-born merchant who spent many years in New Orleans and rendered financial assistance to the American cause during the Revolutionary War. Later, he became a US Commercial Agent with diplomatic standing.
Poydras, Julien de Lallande (1746-1824). Trader, philanthropist, and poet whose charitable works included the establishment of dowry funds for impoverished Pointe Coupee and West Baton Rouge Parish women. He was active in politics and represented Louisiana in the legislature.
Prima, Louis (1911-78). Nationally known band leader, singer, trumpet player, composer, recording artist, and television and movie performer.
Ripley, Eliza Moore (1832-1912). Wrote entertainingly about life in New Orleans in the 1840s and 1850s.
Rivers, Pearl (Mrs. George Nicholson) (1849-96). First woman in New Orleans to earn her living on a newspaper, the Picayune, and the first woman publisher of an important newspaper in the United States. Founded the organization that grew into the Society for the Prevention of the Cruelty to Animals.
Rummel, Archbishop Joseph Francis, (1876-1964). Born in Baden, Germany, he first served as Papal Chamberlain. In 1935, he was appointed Archbishop of New Orleans. Buried in crypt of St. Louis Cathedral.
Saxon, Lyle (1891-1946). Started writing short stories in 1926. Wrote books about New Orleans, beginning with Father Mississippi. Born in Baton Rouge, Saxon was a bon vivant, typical plantation gentleman, conversationalist, artist with a jigger of vermouth, and writer without an enemy.
Schulte, Archbishop Francis Bible (1926- ) Born in Philadelphia. Appointed member of President Bush’s Education Policy Advisory Committee in 1989, member of Vatican Congregation for Catholic Education in 1989, and twelfth archbishop of New Orleans in 1988.
Slidell, John (1793-1871). Prominent in state and national affairs in the 1850s. Minister to France under the Confederacy.
Soulé, George (1834-1926). Mathematician and educator. Established first commercial college in New Orleans.
Soulé, George (1834-1926). Mathematician and educator. Established first commercial college in New Orleans.
Stern, Edgar B. (1886-1959). Member of the Board of Administrators of Charity Hospital, the State Welfare Board, the Louisiana Development Commission, and the Board of Administrators of Tulane University. Founder of the Bureau of Governmental Research.
Stern, Edith Rosenwald (Mrs. Edgar B.) (1895-1980). Along with her husband, named outstanding philanthropists in New Orleans in 1977 for the first century of the States-Item’s existence. Since her death in 1980, Longue Vue, her home, has operated as a museum of Decorative Arts and Horticulture.
Tallant, Robert (1909-57). Author who wrote on subjects concerning New Orleans and Louisiana, including Gumbo Ya-Ya and The Pirate Lafitte and the Battle of New Orleans, which won the Literary Award of the Louisiana Library Association in 1952. Revised the New Orleans City Guide.
Taylor, Zachary (1784-1850). Migrated from Kentucky to Louisiana and achieved fame in the Mexican War. Became the twelfth President of the United States.
Toole, John Kennedy (1937-69). Author who won the Pulitzer prize for the Confederacy of Dunces, published ten years after his suicide, which is believed to have been brought on by his failure to obtain literary recognition.
Touro, Judah (1775-1854). Gave liberally to numerous charities and buildings during his lifetime, many of which now bear his name, including Touro-Shakespeare Home, Touro Infirmary, and Touro Synagogue in New Orleans.
Treigle, Norman (1927-75). Considered to be one of the great actors in opera. Was a leading male star of the New York Opera with more than fifty roles to his credit. Frequent co-star with Beverly Sills.
Tulane, Paul (1801-87). Donated more than $1 million to the University of Louisiana (now the Tulane University of Louisiana).
Vaccaro, Joseph (1855-19??). With his brothers, established the Standard Fruit Company, whose ships sailed the Gulf and Caribbean between New Orleans and Central America.
Warmoth, Henry Clay (1842-1931). Dominated Carpetbag regime as Reconstruction Governor from 1868-72. Author of War, Politics, and Reconstruction: Stormy Days in Louisiana.
White, Edward Douglass, Jr. (1844-1921). Entered Confederate Army at age eighteen. Served as Associate Justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court, U.S. senator, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
Wilson, Samuel, Jr. (1911-93). Architectural historian and co-author of New Orleans Architecture, Volumes I and IV;
Louisiana Purchase; the St. Louis Cemeteries of New Orleans; and other publications.
Wood, Albert Baldwin (1879-1956). Electrical engineer. Invented twelve-foot screw pumps capable of draining ten million cubic feet of water out of below-sea-level New Orleans every year, which ultimately prevented flooding and made swamps habitable.
Wright, Sophie Bell (1866-1912). Teacher and humanitarian responsible for night schools and many social service agencies in New Orleans. First woman to win the Daily Picayune’s Loving Cup.
You, Dominique (1775-1830). A member of Lafitte’s “hellish banditti.” Distinguished himself in the Battle of New Orleans and settled down to become a law-abiding citizen.
Governors of Louisiana
Governors of Louisiana as a French Colony
1699 Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d’Iberville (founder)
1699-1700 M. de Sauvolle
1701-13 Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville
1713-16 Antoine de La Mothe, Sieur de Cadillac
1716-17 Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville
1717-18 Jean Michel, Sieur de L’Epinay
1718-24 Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville
1725-26 Pierre Sidrac Dugué de Boisbriant
1727-33 Étienne de Périer
1733-43 Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville
1743-53 Pierre François de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal
1753-63 Louis Billouart, Chevalier de Kerlerec
1763-65 Jean-Jacques Blaise d’Abbadie
1765-66 Charles Phillipe Aubry
Governors of Louisiana as a Spanish Colony
1766-68 Antonio de Ulloa
1769-70 Alexander O’Reilly
1770-77 Luis de Unzaga y Amezaga
1777-85 Bernardo de Galvez
1785-91 Esteban Rodriguez Miró y Sabater
1791-97 Francisco Luis Hector, Baron de Carondelet et Noyelles
1797-99 Manuel Luis Gayoso de Lemos y Amorin
1799-1801 Sebastian Calvo de la Puerta y O’Fariel, Marquis de Casa Calvo
1801-03 Juan Manuel de Salcedo
Governor of Louisiana before the Louisiana Purchase
1803 November 30-December 20. Pierre Clément de Laussat
Governor of Louisiana as a Territory
1803-12 William Charles Cole Claiborne
Governors of Louisiana as a State
1812-16 William Charles Cole Claiborne
1816-20 Jacques Phillippe Villeré
1820-24 Thomas Bolling Robertson
1824 Henry Schuyler Thibodeaux
1824-28 Henry S. Johnson
1828-29 Pierre Auguste Bourguigon Derbigny
1829-30 Armand Julie Beauvais
1830-31 Jacques Dupre
1831-35 Andre Bienvenu Roman
1835-39 Edward Douglass White
1839-43 Andre Bienvenu Roman
1843-46 Alexander Mouton
1846-50 Isaac Johnson
1850-53 Joseph Marshall Walker
1853-56 Paul Octave Hébert
1856-60 Robert Charles Wickliffe
1860-64 Thomas Overton Moore
1862-64 George F. Shepley (military governor within Union lines)
1864-65 Henry Watkins Allen
1864-65 Michael Hahn (elected governor within Union lines, resigned)
1865-67 James Madison Wells (succeeded Hahn within Union lines)
1867-68 Benjamin Franklin Flanders
1868 Joshua Baker
1868-72 Henry Clay Warmoth
1872-73 P. B. S. Pinchback
1873 John McEreny (elected, but counted out)
1873-77 William Pitt Kellogg
1877 Stephen B. Packard
1877-80 Francis Tillou Nicholls
1880-81 Louis Alfred Wiltz
1881-88 Samuel Douglas McEnery
1888-92 Francis Tillou Nicholls
1892-1900 Murphy James Foster
1900-4 William Wright Heard
1904-8 Newton Crain Blanchard
1908-12 Jared Young Sanders
1912-16 Luther E. Hall
1916-20 Ruffin G. Pleasant
1920-24 John M. Parker
1924-26 Huey L. Fuqua
1926-28 Oramel H. Simpson
1928-32 Henry P. Long
1932 Alvin O. King
1932-36 Oscar K. Allen
1936 James A. Noe
1936-39 Richard Webster Leche
1939-40 Earl K. Long
1940-44 Sam Houston Jones
1944-48 Jimmie H. Davis
1948-52 Earl K. Long
1952-56 Robert F. Kennon
1956-60 Earl K. Long
1960-64 Jimmie H. Davis
1964-72 John J. McKeithen
1972-80 Edwin W. Edwards
1980-84 David C. Treen
1984-88 Edwin W. Edwards
1988-92 Charles Elson “Buddy” Roemer III
1992-96 Edwin W. Edwards
1996-2004 Murphy J. “Mike” Foster
2004-8 Kathleen Babineaux Blanco
2008- Bobby Jindal
Mayors of New Orleans
Served in the Cabildo under American Domination
1803-4 Étienne de Boré
1804 Pierre Petit (succeeded as Mayor Pro-Tem)
Served the City of New Orleans, Incorporated February 17, 1805
1804-5 James Pitot de Beaujardière
1805-7 John Watkins
1807-12 James J. Mather
1812-15 Nicholas Girod
1815-20 Augustin Macarty
1820-28 Louis Philippe de Roffignac
1828-38 Denis Prieur
1838-40 Charles Genois
1840-42 William Freret
1842-43 Denis Prieur
1843-44 William Freret
1844-46 Joseph Edgard Montegut
1846-54 Abial Daily Crossman
Served in City Hall (Gallier Hall)
1854-56 John L. Lewis
1856-58 Charles M. Waterman
1858-60 Gerard Stith
1860-62 John T. Monroe
Served as United States Military Mayors (All Acting)
May 1862-July 1862 George T. Shepley
July 1862-August 1862 Godfrey Weitzel
August 1862 Jonas H. French
August 1862-September 1862 Godfrey Weitzel
October 1862-January 1863 Henry C. Deming
January 1863-September 1863 James F. Miller
September 1863-October 1863 Edward Henry Durell
November 1863-February 1864 James F. Miller
February 1864-March 1865 Stephen Hoyt
March 1864-May 1865 Hugh Kennedy
May 1865-June 1865 Samuel Miller Quincy
June 1865-March 1866 Hugh Kennedy
March 1866 J. A. D. Rozier
March 1866-May 1866 George Clark
Served as Mayors of New Orleans
1866-67 John T. Monroe
1867-1868 Edward Heath
1868-70 John R. Conway
1870-72 Benjamin P. Flanders
1872-74 Louis A. Wiltz
1874-76 Charles J. Leeds
1876-78 Edward Pilsbury
1878-80 Isaac W. Patton
1880-82 Joseph Ansbeteui Shakspeare
1882-84 William J. Behan
1884-88 Joseph Valsin Guillotte
1888-92 Joseph A. Shakspeare
1892-96 John Fitzpatrick
1896-1900 Walter C. Flower
1900-04 Paul Capdeville
1904-20 Martin Behrman
1920-25 Andrew J. McShane
1925-26 Martin Behrman
1926-30 Arthur J. O’Keefe
1930-June 1936 T. Semmes Walmsley
June 1963-July 1936 A. Miles Pratt
July 1936 Fred A. Earhart
July 1936-August 1936 Jesse S. Cave
August 1936-46 Robert S. Maestri
1946-61 deLesseps Story Morrison
Served in the new City Hall, Dedicated 1957
1961-70 Victor Hugo Schiro
; 1970-78 Maurice “Moon” Landrieu
1978-86 Ernest N. Morial
1986-94 Sidney J. Barthelemy
1994-2002 Marc H. Morial
2002-10 C. Ray Nagin
2010- Mitchell “Mitch” Landrieu
Chronology
1541 Hernando De Soto discovers the Mississippi River.
1543 July. Luis Moscoco and the survivors of De Soto’s expedition, descending the river on their way to Mexico, are the first white men to view the site of the future city of New Orleans.
1662 April 9. De La Salle claims all land drained by the Mississippi River for France, erects a cross near the mouth of the Mississippi, and names the territory Louisiana in honor of Louis XIV.
1699 March 2. Iberville and his expedition stop at the present site of New Orleans and erect a cross. Later, Bayou Mardi Gras named by Iberville. Ocean Springs settled.
1718 Spring. Bienville, with the assistance of Pauger and de La Tour, lays out the streets and founds La Nouvelle Orléans as trading colony for the Company of the West.
1723 Under Governor Bienville, New Orleans becomes capital of Louisiana.
1724 March. Bienville promulgates the Code Noir, regulating slavery and religious worship.
1727 August 6. The Ursulines arrive and establish a convent school for girls.
1728 December. The first company of Filles à la Cassette (Casket Girls) arrives in Mobile.
1729 December. Refugees arrive with news of Indian massacre at Fort Rosalie (Natchez), and Governor Périer begins construction of first defense works (ditches and stockade) against a possible Indian attack.
1731 Louisiana becomes a Royal Colony of France again.
1743 Under Governor Vaudreuil, New Orleans becomes a lively social center.
1762 November 3. Louisiana transferred to Spain by Treaty of Fontainebleau.
1763 February 6. Louisiana (except for New Orleans) ceded to Spain by the Treaty of Paris.
July 9. The Jesuits are expelled from Louisiana by the French authorities and their property confiscated.
1768 October. Opposition to Spanish rule breaks into open rebellion; Governor Ulloa executed and seven others imprisoned. Superior Council is abolished; Cabildo is established.
1777 Under Governor Galvez, Americans are allowed to establish bases in New Orleans and send aid to revolutionary forces.