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Under Another Sky

Page 30

by Charlotte Higgins


  Aquae Sulis see Bath

  Arbeia 116, 170–1, 248

  Ardoch 141, 248

  Argentocoxus 164

  Arian heresy 105

  Arles, Council of 105, 162

  Armitage, Edward: Caesar’s First Invasion of Britain 228

  Armorica 218

  Arnold, Thomas 226–7

  Artemisia, Queen 32

  art 185–7

  Art Fund 242

  Arthur, King 22, 56, 86, 88, 216, 219

  Arthurian legends 219–20

  Arthur’s O’on (or Oven) 148–51, 248

  Ascanius 210, 211

  Ashmolean Museum 204

  Aske, James: Elizabetha Triumphans 34

  Asterix comics 27

  Astures 116

  Atargatis 118

  Atrebates 12, 62

  Attacotti 217

  Aubrey, John 100

  Auden, Revd John 122

  Auden, W. H. xx, 122–7, 129, 185

  Hadrian’s Wall 122–7

  ‘Roman Wall Blues’ 122–7

  Augustine, St 6, 14, 49, 105, 226, 228

  Augustus, emperor 7, 8, 32, 171

  Auld Kirk Museum, Kirkintilloch 247

  Aurelius Victor 192

  Avebury 100

  Aves, Sophia 223

  Avon, River 93, 94

  Bacchus 221

  Badon, Mount 219

  Bagaudae 192

  Balkans 217

  Balkerne Gate, Colchester 19, 242

  Baltic 8

  Bank of England 51–2, 243

  Bannavem Taberniae 219

  Barates 170, 171

  Barbarian Conspiracy 217

  Bar Hill 143, 144, 147, 148, 247

  Barnsley Park 199

  Barry, Charles 227

  Barton Farm mosaic 201, 202, 204

  Batavians 128, 130

  Bath (Aquae Sulis) 62, 93–107, 208

  the Circus 97, 102, 245

  Pump Room 95, 96, 97, 103, 105, 245

  Roman baths 93, 94, 96, 97, 102–3, 245

  Royal Crescent 97, 245

  temple of Sulis-Minerva 94, 97

  Thermae Baths spa 93, 100, 245

  Bath to Bristol railway line 208

  Bathurst family 86, 87

  Battersea shield 44

  Battle Bridge (now King’s Cross) 45–6

  Bearsden 143, 147–8, 247

  Bede, Venerable 162

  Ecclesiastical History of the English People xxi, 216

  Bédoyère, Guy de la 195–6, 197

  Belerium 9

  Belgians 116

  Bellerophon 208

  Bennachie, Mount 139

  Berie 138

  Berikos 12

  Berlin: State Museums 165

  Bertha, Queen 6

  Bertram, Charles Julius xx, 152–3, 154, 155, 156

  Britannicarum Gentium Historiae Antiquae Scriptores Tres (Three Ancient Writers on the History of the British People) 154

  Essay on the Excellency and Style of the English Tongue 156

  Bignor 208–10, 242, 249

  Birdlip 11

  Birdoswald 120, 246

  Birley, Eric 127

  Birley, Robin 127–8

  Birnie 138

  Bladud 98–100, 103

  Blake, William 56

  Blitz, the 45, 47–8, 50–1, 56

  Board of Ordnance 142, 150

  Boece, Hector 139

  Bo’ness colliery 145

  Bootham Bar, York 165, 166

  Boudica 10, 23–4, 25, 27, 28, 30–6, 38–9, 44, 45, 55, 62, 73, 84, 100, 228, 243

  Boulogne 192

  Bowen, Elizabeth xxii

  Bowman, Alan 128, 129, 130, 132–3

  Braco 141, 248

  Bradbury, Darren 190

  Brading 206

  Brancaster 215

  Brantwood 182, 249

  Brasenose College, Oxford 130

  Brecon: Brecknock Museum 84, 244

  Breeze, David

  The Antonine Wall 247

  Hadrian’s Wall 247

  Brenton, Howard 5

  The Romans in Britain xx, 175

  Brewer, Norris 61

  Brigantes 10, 16, 25

  Bristol City Museum 208

  Britannia (female personification) 18

  Britannia Flavia 153

  Britannia Maxima 153

  Britannia Prima 153, 199

  Britannia Secunda 153

  Britannicus 16

  British Archaeology magazine 190

  British Library 45, 49, 142

  British Museum 11, 30, 46, 56, 132, 188, 189, 190, 195, 208, 211, 216, 220, 221, 222, 223, 242, 243, 248, 250

  Britten, Benjamin xx, 124–7

  incidental music for Hadrian’s Wall 122–7

  ‘Roman Wall Blues’ 122–7

  Brittium 218

  Brocchus 129, 132

  Brocolitia 121–2, 246

  Brown, Gordon 188

  Browning, Robert: ‘Love Among the Ruins’ 63

  Bruce, Sir Michael 150

  Brutus 22, 35, 45

  Bucklersbury House, London 52–3

  Bucklersbury mosaic 52

  Burgh Castle 214–16, 220, 229, 250

  Bury Free Press & Post 223

  Bushe-Fox, J. P. 79

  Busy-Gap 117

  Butcher, Gordon 222, 223, 224, 225

  Butterfield, William 22

  Byker’s Hill, Newcastle 119–20

  Cadw 241, 244

  Caerleon (Isca) 82, 84–6, 244

  amphitheatre 85–6

  National Roman Legion Museum 244

  Caerwent (Venta Silurum) 153, 207, 244–5

  Caesar, Julius xxi, 5–6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 62, 100, 148–9, 153, 174, 226

  Commentaries on the Gallic War 6, 10, 62

  Caister-on-Sea 215

  Caistor St Edmund 29–30, 207, 242

  Caledonians 139, 140, 145, 149, 161, 164, 173, 176, 217

  Calgacus 139–40, 141, 142, 173

  Caligula, emperor 11–12

  Callendar estate 146

  Callendar House 146

  Calleva Atrebatum see Silchester

  Cambridge 64

  Camden, William xx, 29–30, 43, 56, 63, 65, 77, 98, 117–18, 120, 154–5, 161, 172, 181, 185, 198

  Britannia xx, 29, 36, 155

  Camelon 148

  Camulodunum see Colchester

  Candidus 129

  Canterbury 14

  Caracalla, emperor 161, 164, 165

  Caratacus 12, 15, 25–7, 31, 35, 36–8, 227

  Carausius 191–7

  Cardiff, Museum of 81

  Carlisle 116, 118, 245, 246, 247, 249

  Tullie House Museum 181, 188, 190, 191, 193, 246, 249

  Carlungie 138

  Carriden House 145

  Carron, River 148, 150

  Carron Ironworks 150, 151

  Carron Phoenix 151

  Carter, Angela 93, 98

  Cartimandua, Queen 10, 16, 25

  Cartmel 182

  Carvoran fort 116

  Casley, Mr 154

  Cassiterides 8

  Castle Acre 28–9

  Castlecary 206

  Castle Douglas 170

  Catena, Paul ‘the Chain’ 217

  Catterick 166

  Catullus xvii, 7

  Catuvellauni 11, 170–1

  Cawfields 112

  Celtic art 186

  Centurion (film) 176

  Centurion Works 147

  Chamberlin, Powell and Bon (architects) 47

  Charles II, King 197

  Charles Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) 138, 139

  Chedworth 198, 199, 249

  Chester (Deva) 75, 82

  Chesterholm 127 see also Vindolanda

  Chesters Roman Fort and Museum 246

  Chichester 16, 17–18, 62

  Christ 208

  Christianity 23, 103, 105, 161, 162, 172, 208, 228

  Christie’s 188, 189, 190

>   Cirencester (Corinium) 62, 199–201, 249

  Corinium Museum 199–201, 249

  Classicianus, Gaius Julius Alpinus: tombstone of 55

  Claudia Rufens 26

  Claudius, emperor 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 25, 26, 27, 36, 37, 44, 62, 100

  Claudius Hieronymianus 166

  Clayton, John xix, 246

  Cleopatra 32, 33

  Clerk, Sir James 151

  Clerk, Sir John 150–1, 173, 174, 187, 226

  Clerk, Sir Robert 151

  Clodius Albinus 163, 164, 168

  Clyde, River 148

  Firth of xx, 137

  Clydebank Crematorium 148

  Coel, King 22–3

  Cogidubnus (or Togidubnus), Tiberius Claudius 17

  Colchester (Camulodunum) 11, 15, 18–24, 27, 90, 194, 242

  Balkerne Gate 19, 242

  Colchester Castle Museum 11, 19, 20–1, 242

  map 2–3

  Roman wall 18–19

  St Helen’s Chapel 22, 242

  Collingwood, Arthur 184

  Collingwood, Barbara 184

  Collingwood, Dora 184

  Collingwood, Dorrie 182

  Collingwood, R. G. (Robin) 55, 84, 179, 181–7, 197, 219

  An Autobiography 181, 182

  The Idea of History 182

  The New Leviathan 183

  Roman Eskdale 185

  and Myres, J. N. L. The Oxford History of England, vol. I 181, 186–7

  Collingwood, W. G. 182, 183, 184

  Thorstein of the Mere 183

  Collingwood Bruce, John 111, 121–2

  Guide to Hadrian’s Wall 176

  Commius 62, 69, 73

  Commodus, emperor 163

  Coniston 182, 183, 184, 249

  Brantwood (home of John Ruskin) 182, 249

  Lanehead (home of Collingwood family) 182, 249

  Coniston Water 184

  Conrad, Joseph: Heart of Darkness xx, 177–8

  Constans, emperor 217

  Constantine the Great 22, 23, 161, 162, 163, 192, 194, 217

  Constantine III, emperor 217–18

  Constantius Chlorus, emperor 22, 23, 161, 192, 193–4

  Constantius II, emperor 217

  Conybeare, Daniel, and Phillips, William: Outlines of the Geology of England and Wales 154–5

  Cook, Herbert 210

  Copper Mines Beck 183

  Corbridge 171

  Corellia Optata 166–7

  Corinium see Cirencester

  Corinium Museum, Cirencester 199–201, 249

  Cornovii tribe 76

  Cornwall 8, 9

  Corporation of London 49, 50, 54, 243

  Cosh, Stephen 206, 207–8

  and Neal, David, Roman Mosaics of Britain 206, 207

  Cotswolds 11, 198–204, 205, 249

  Cowper, William: ‘Boadicea: An Ode’ 37, 38–9

  Cramond 137

  Cramond Lion 137

  Crete xvii

  Crosby Garrett helmet 187–91

  Croy Hill 143, 146–7, 247

  Crummy, Philip 20, 21

  Culloden 139

  Cumberland, William Augustus (‘Butcher’), Duke of 118, 142, 143

  Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian Society 184

  Cumbria 115, 179–97, 248–9

  Cunliffe, Barry 17, 103

  Cunobelinus 11, 12, 23, 25, 34

  Cupid 211

  Cymbeline 34

  Dahl, Roald 223–4

  The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar 223–4

  Daily Mail 85, 90, 168

  Daily Telegraph 187–8

  Dalmatians 116, 181

  Davies, Hunter 114, 115

  A Walk on the Wall 114

  Deal 5–7, 241–2

  Demetrius 172

  Deva see Chester

  Diana 200–1

  Dickens, Charles 76, 119

  Dido 73, 211, 212

  Dio, Cassius 12, 14–15, 16, 33, 62, 72, 164, 165

  History of Rome 12

  Diocletian, emperor 192, 194, 196

  Diodorus Siculus 9, 100

  Library, 9

  Dobbie’s Garden Centre 147

  Domitian, emperor 140

  Donovan, Edward 206–7

  Dorchester 10, 62, 88

  Dorset County Museum 245

  Douglas, Lord Alfred 184

  Dover 215

  Druids 101–3

  ‘Duke of Cumberland’s map’ see Roy, William: maps

  Dumbarton 154

  Dundee 137

  Duntocher 148

  Durham, University of 128

  Eagle (film) 176

  Eboracum see York

  Eckardt, Dr Hella 168

  Eden Valley 122

  Edinburgh 142

  National Museum of Scotland 137–8, 145, 188, 247

  Scottish National Portrait Gallery 141

  Edward the Elder 23

  Edwyn, King of Northumbria 162

  Eldon, Lord 199

  Elgar, Edward xx, 36–8

  Caractacus 36–8, 39, 40

  Enigma Variations 36, 37

  Elizabeth I, Queen 34, 229

  English Channel 7, 192

  English Civil War 19

  English Heritage xvii, xix, 75, 241, 242, 244, 246, 247

  Eppillus 62

  Equites Romani (club within Society of Antiquaries) 173

  Ermine Street 56

  Erskine Bridge 148

  Esk, River 179, 180

  Eskdale 184–5

  Essex and Kent 5–24, 241–2

  Eudo Dapifer 20, 23

  Eugenius 146

  Eutropius 192

  Evander 83

  Evelyn, John 195, 196, 197

  Exeter Book 94–5

  Fairfax, Thomas 19

  Falkirk 143, 144, 146, 148, 154

  Falkirk Wheel 247

  Farrer, James 199

  Fawcett, Dr Hugh 222

  Fine Arts Commission 227

  First World War 14, 19, 77, 78, 80, 91, 184

  Fishbourne 16–18, 242, 250

  Flavius Cerealis 128, 129, 132

  Fletcher, John 25

  Bonduca 35–6

  Ford, Sydney 222, 223, 224, 225

  Forest of Dean 86–8

  Forth, Firth of xx, 137

  Forth-Clyde canal 139, 143, 144, 247

  Fortunata 51–2

  Fosse Way 198, 199

  Foster, Norman 53

  Fowler, Gordon 224–5

  Franks 217

  Frederick, Prince of Denmark 156

  Freemasonry 101

  Freind, Robert 141–2

  Fulford, Michael 65, 67–8, 69, 70, 73

  Fullofaudes 217

  Gale, Roger 98, 150, 173–4

  Gandy, Joseph Michael 51

  Ganymede 209–10

  Gask Ridge 137

  Gaul 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 27, 100, 140, 164, 192, 217, 218, 221, 226

  Genii Cucullati xviii

  Gentleman’s Magazine 155

  Geoffrey of Monmouth 22, 29, 34, 35, 44–5, 141, 219

  A History of the Kings of Britain 22, 98–9

  George II, King 138, 141

  Gerald of Wales: Itinerarium Kambriae, or Journey Around Wales 85

  Germanic insurgents 217

  Germans 140

  Germany 72

  Getty Museum, Malibu 204

  Geta 161, 164, 165, 193

  Gildas 218, 219

  On the Destruction of Britain 105, 218

  Glasgow 147–8, 247

  Bearsden 143, 147–8, 247

  Hunterian Museum 145, 247

  University 145, 174

  Gloucester 168

  Museum 11

  Gog 22

  Gordon, Alexander 156, 173, 174

  Itinerarium Septentrionale 146–7, 148, 149–50, 173

  Goths 218

  Gramm, Hans 156

  Grampians 137, 139, 154

  Grange 143

  Grangemouth 143, 146
/>   Grange Pans 143

  Great Chesters 116, 246

  Great North Museum, Newcastle 116, 246

  Great Pavement see Woodchester Pavement

  Great Western Railway 208

  Great Witcombe 198, 249

  Great Yarmouth 214, 215, 250

  Greencarts Farm 114–15, 246

  Grimes, W. F. 52

  Gryme 146

  Guardian 22

  Guidott, Thomas: A Discourse of Bathe and the Hot Waters There 95–6

  Guildhall, London 47, 50, 243

  Hadrian, emperor 50, 76, 112, 119, 141, 181

  Hadrian’s Wall xvii, xviii–xix, 108–32, 137, 143, 144, 153, 161, 166, 170, 173, 181, 245–7

  map 108–9

  Hadrumetum 168

  Hall, Jenny 57, 58

  Hambledon Hill 245

  Hammia 116

  Hardknott Castle 180–1, 185, 249

  Hardy, Thomas xx, 75

  ‘A Tryst at an Ancient Earthwork’ 89

  Hargrove, W. M.: History and Description of the Ancient City of York 161

  Harlow Hill 120

  Harpocrates 69–70, 244

  Hatcher, Henry 154

  Haverfield, Francis 184, 214

  The Romanization of Roman Britain 175

  Hawkes, Jacquetta 80, 81, 90

  Hawkins, John 208–9

  Hearne, Thomas 63–4, 65

  Heddon-on-the-Wall 114, 117

  Helen, St 22, 23, 24

  Hengist 14, 219

  Henry V, King 229

  Hercules 221

  Herefordshire Beacon 37

  Hernstadt, Mr 14

  Herodotus xvii, 8, 31, 32

  Histories 99

  Hexham 121

  Highlands 137, 138–42, 153

  Hinton St Mary mosaic 208

  Historia Augusta 168

  Historic Scotland 241

  History and Antiquities of Silchester in Hampshire, The 66

  hoards 30–1, 220–5

  Hobbs, Richard 220, 221–2, 223, 224, 225

  Hodges, C. Walter 70

  Hod Hill 89, 245

  Hole, William 141

  Holinshed’s Chronicles 33–4

  Homer 7

  Iliad xv

  Odyssey xv

  Honorius, emperor 218

  Horace 32, 33

  Horkstow Hall 205

  Horsa 14, 219

  Horsley, John: Britannia Romana 174

  Horus 70–1

  ‘Hostess, The’ 130

  Houses of Parliament (Palace of Westminster) 227–8

  Housesteads xvii, 111, 116, 121, 122, 246

  Housman, A. E. 78–9, 80

  A Shropshire Lad 78

  ‘On Wenlock Edge’ 78–9

  Howard, Philemon 29

  Hoxne Treasure 220

  Hull and East Riding Museum 205, 249

  Hutcheson’s Hill 145, 148

  Hunter, Dr Fraser 138

  Hunterian Museum, Glasgow 145, 247

  Hutton, Catherine 119, 122

  Hutton, William 111, 118–21, 122, 125

  History of the Roman Wall 118–21

  Iceland 9

  Iceni 16, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31

  Iceni Village 28

  Ictis 9

  Illustrated London News 52

  Illyricum 217

  Institute of Archaeology, University of London 80

  Inveresk 138

 

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