Kenneth Clark
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12. Sir Sydney Cockerell (1867–1962) was director of the Fitzwilliam 1908–37, and transformed the museum
13. Letter from E.T. Leeds to Clark, 25 July 1931, I Tatti
14. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.198. Ian Robertson (d.1982)
15. Letter to Berenson, 22 June 1931, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.104
16. Tate 8812/4/2/1–3
17. Letter to Berenson, 8 November 1931, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.111
18. Secrest, Kenneth Clark, p.86
19. Letter to Berenson, 8 November 1931, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.111
20. Colin Harrison, ‘Kenneth Clark at the Ashmolean’, The Ashmolean, Spring 2006, p.21
21. Letter from C.F. Bell to Berenson, 1 May 1932, I Tatti
22. Pope-Hennessy, Learning to Look, p.63
23. See Caroline Elam’s essay ‘La fortuna critica e collezionistica di Piero di Cosimo in Gran Bretagna’, in Serena Padovani (ed.), Piero di Cosimo, exhibition catalogue (Uffizi, Florence), note 40, p.183
24. Clark, Landscape Into Art, p.40
25. Report of Keeper, 1934
26. Now attributed to Francesco Botticini
27. Colin Harrison, ‘Kenneth Clark at the Ashmolean’, The Ashmolean, Spring 2006, p.22
28. Letter to Berenson, 31 January 1932, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.114
29. Letter from Isaiah Berlin to Colette Clark on her father’s death, 22 May 1983. Family possession
30. Secrest, Kenneth Clark, p.86
31. Information from Colette Clark
32. Letter to Janet Stone, 24 July 1956, Bodleian Library
33. Charles Collins Baker (1880–1959), keeper at the National Gallery 1914–1932 and Surveyor of the King’s Pictures during the same period
34. Letter from Morshead to Clark, 24 March 1932, I Tatti
35. Letter to Jane, August 1932, Saltwood
36. See Chapter 6
37. Letter from C.F. Bell to Berenson, 8 December 1932, I Tatti
38. Clark in a lapse gives the wrong date in his autobiography – 9 April as opposed to 9 October
39. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.201
40. Trewin, Alan Clark: The Biography, p.16
41. Letter to Mrs Shaw Smith, 24 February 1959, Tate 8812/1/3/3401–3450
42. Letter from Clark to Edith Wharton, 13 December 1933, Indiana University Library
43. Pope-Hennessy, Learning to Look, p.35
44. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.178
45. Lee, A Good Innings: The Private Papers of Lord Lee of Fareham, p.302
46. Interview with author
47. Letter to Meryle Secrest, 22 October 1980, I Tatti
48. Oxford Times, 8 June 1934
49. Tate 8812, Press cuttings
Chapter 10: Appointment and Trustees
1. Letter to Berenson, 5 February 1934, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.144
2. Notebook, Vol. I, Box 101/17, Crawford Papers, National Library of Scotland
3. Vincent (ed.), The Crawford Papers: The Journals of David Lindsay, 27th Earl of Crawford and 10th Earl of Balcarres, During the Years 1871–1940
4. Sir Philip Sassoon (1888–1939) was born into a merchant family. His mother was a Rothschild, and he was educated at Eton and Oxford.
5. Letter to Berenson, 28 August 1933, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.136
6. Letter from M. MacDonald to Clark, 18 August 1933, Tate 8812/1/4/241–243. Eastlake, as PRA, had been a trustee, and was on equal terms with them. Lord Carlisle however was a trustee who became acting director
7. All these letters of congratulation are in Tate 8812/1/4/141–143
8. Keeper National Gallery 1934–38
9. Letter from Isherwood Kay to Clark, 2 September 1933, Tate 8812/1/4/141–143
10. Letter to Edith Wharton, 22 August 1933, Indiana University Library
11. Ibid.
12. Tate 8812/1/3/890/1
13. Diary, I Tatti
14. Tate 8812/1/3/890/1
15. Letter to Edith Wharton, 6 April 1934, Indiana University Library
16. Lady Katharine Horner (1885–1976) inherited her father William Graham’s collection of early Italian and Pre-Raphaelite pictures. When not in London she lived at Mells in Somerset
17. Letter from Berenson to Jane, 16 January 1934, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, pp.140–1
18. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.220
19. Ibid., p.224
20. Notebook, Vol. I, Box 101/17, Crawford Papers, National Library of Scotland
21. Lecture, ‘Art and Democracy’, Tate 8812/2/2/42
22. Samuel Courtauld (1876–1947), chairman of the family textile firm that provided the fortune which enabled him to put together his great collection of Impressionist paintings, housed today at Somerset House. That and the Courtauld Institute of Art constitute his extraordinary legacy to the cultural life of the UK
23. Letter to Berenson, 9 October 1933, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.138
24. Letter from Lord Duveen, 16 September 1935, Tate 8812/1/3/951–1000
25. BBC, ‘Interview with Basil Taylor’, 8 October 1974, British Library National Sound Archive, Disc 196
26. Today it is with the rest of his collection at the Courtauld Institute gallery
27. The story is set out in a letter from Clark to Evan Charteris, 20 July 1934, Getty Research Institute
28. Letter to Isherwood Kay, Tate 8812/1/1/24
29. The list was an unofficial agreement with the Treasury. It was the fact of the agreement that the Treasury wanted kept quiet
30. Letter to James Lees-Milne, 9 June 1977, Beinecke Library, Yale. The Act Clark is referring to is ‘The Review of the Export of Works of Art’ (1952)
31. Letter from Berenson, 31 March 1936, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.181
32. The book of the series was entitled The Romantic Rebellion, p.136
33. Letter from Clark to d’Abernon, 31 January 1936, National Gallery Archive 26/25/3
34. Letter from Gerald Kelly to Clark, 23 December 1935, I Tatti
35. Slade lecture on Delacroix, 6 June 1949, Oxford. Clark personally owned a Delacroix of a Tasso subject (Bührle Collection, Zürich)
36. Letter to Edith Wharton, undated, c.1934, Indiana University Library
37. Memo from Morshead to Queen Mary, 22 January 1935, Royal Archives, QM/PRI/CC48/457
Chapter 11: By Royal Command
1. Conversation reported in a letter from Morshead to Clark, 2 April 1932, I Tatti
2. Memo from Morshead to Queen Mary, 4 October 1933, Royal Archives, QM/PRIV/CC48/348
3. Morshead reported the contents of the letter to Clark: 11 June 1932, I Tatti
4. Letter from Morshead to Clark, 11 June 1932, I Tatti
5. Letter from Morshead to Clark, 11 October 1933, I Tatti
6. BBC Radio London, ‘Interview with Roger Clark’, 27 August 1976, British Library National Sound Archive
7. Letter from Lord Wigram to Philip Sassoon, 19 March 1934, Philip Sassoon files, National Gallery, 26/71/1
8. Diary, Sunday 25 March, I Tatti
9. Letter from Morshead to Clark, 6 April 1934, I Tatti
10. Memo from Morshead to Queen Mary, 12 April 1934, Royal Archives, QM/PRIV/CC48/403
11. Letter from Berenson, 6 July 1934, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.153
12. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.237
13. Interview with Sir Hugh Roberts, GCVO
14. Letter to Meryle Secrest, 4 June 1980, I Tatti
15. Memo to the Lord Chamberlain, 4 September 1942, Windsor
16. Clark mostly patronised Messrs Drown and Horace Buttery
17. Letter to the Duchess of York, 28 March 1936, Royal Archives, QEQM/PRIV/PAL: 28.3.36
18. Letter to Queen Elizabeth, 1 May 1937, Royal Archives, QEQM/PRIV/PAL: 1.5.37
19. Three postcards to Edith Wharton, April 1937, Beinecke Library, Yale
20. Secrest, Kenneth Clark, p.117
21. Letter to his mother, 14
May 1937, Saltwood
22. Memo from Morshead to Sir Alexander Hardinge, 10 April 1937, Royal Archives, PS/PSO/GVI/C/022/207a
23. Later Lord Adrian, Nobel Prize-winning scientist. See undated letter (November 1938), Clark to Sir Alexander Hardinge, Royal Archives, PS/PSO/GVI/C/022/392
24. Jane Clark, diary, 15 April 1938, Saltwood
25. Letter to Queen Elizabeth, 18 March 1938, quoted in Owens, Watercolours and Drawings from the Collection of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, p.13
26. Letter from Queen Elizabeth to Clark, 13 December 1938, Saltwood
27. Letter to Queen Elizabeth, 10 December 1942, Royal Archives QEQM/PRIV/PAL: 10.12.42
28. Letter to Berenson, 10–14 June 1934, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, pp.154–5
29. Letter to Gerald Kelly, 1 November 1939, Royal Archives, RC/PIC/MAIN/STATE PORTRAITS
30. Letter to Janet Stone, 14 May 1958, Bodleian Library
31. Letter to Jock Murray, 11 April 1980, John Murray Archive
Chapter 12: The Great Clark Boom
1. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.211
2. Cyril Connolly in the New Statesman, January 1937, quoted by Clive Fisher, pp.153–4
3. Interview in John Wyver’s film K: Kenneth Clark 1903–1983, 1993
4. Secrest, Kenneth Clark, p.114
5. According to Michael Luke (David Tennant and the Gargoyle Years, p.145), Douglas Cooper bought the painting from David Tennant, the owner of the Gargoyle Club, and then sold it on immediately to Clark, who sold it when he gave up Portland Place. It is now in the Duncan Phillips Collection, Washington, where it is called Studio, Quai St. Michel
6. Ironside would hold the post from 1937 to 1946
7. Ben Nicolson, diary, 21 July 1937, private collection, copy at Burlington Magazine
8. Now in the National Gallery, London
9. Walker, Self-Portrait with Donors: Confessions of an Art Collector, p.290
10. Clark, The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form, p.156
11. Colin Clark, Younger Brother, Younger Son, p.18
12. Reading to Oxford Union, Tate 8812/2/2/728
13. Trewin, Alan Clark: The Biography, p.24. It was on Alan’s suggestion that John Aspinall later bought Port Lympne and saved it
14. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.224
15. Letter to Edith Wharton, postmarked 28 September 1936, Beinecke Library, Yale
16. Clark, ‘Aesthete’s Progress’, John Murray Archive
17. Ibid.
18. Interview with Colette Clark
19. Drogheda, Double Harness: Memoirs, p.106
20. Letter from Peter Quennell to Meryle Secrest, 20 September 1979, I Tatti
21. Colin Clark, Younger Brother, Younger Son, p.23
22. Michael Levey, obituary of Kenneth Clark, Proceedings of the British Academy, Vol. XXV, 1984
23. Mark Amory, Sunday Times Magazine, 6 October 1974
24. Jane Clark, diary, 9 April 1937, Saltwood
25. 12 November 1934
26. Clark, ‘Aesthete’s Progress’, John Murray Archive
27. Colin Clark, Younger Brother, Younger Son, p.18
28. Letter to Edith Wharton, 18 June 1936, Beinecke Library, Yale
29. Colin Clark, Younger Brother, Younger Son, p.167
30. Review by Anthony Powell of Secrest, Kenneth Clark, Daily Telegraph, 14 September 1984
31. Ben Nicolson, diary, 29 July 1936, private collection, copy at Burlington Magazine
32. Letter to Ben Nicolson, 31 July 1936, private collection, copy at Burlington Magazine
33. I am grateful to Dudley Dodd for this story. Bobby Gore (1921–2010) worked for the National Trust
34. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.219
35. Sir Nikolaus Pevsner (1902–83), later editor of the astonishing Buildings of England series
36. Harries, Nikolaus Pevsner: The Life, p.546
37. Letter from Jane to Berenson, 11 February [almost certainly March] 1939, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.206
38. Interview in John Wyver’s documentary K: Kenneth Clark 1903–1983, 1993
39. Clark, Civilisation, p.346
40. Letter to Abraham A. Desser, 28 March 1973, Tate 8812/1/4/88. In fact the opera production was in 1956
41. Information from the Clark family. There were reasons for this connected with his poor relationship with her husband, Duff Cooper, during the war
42. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.224
43. Jane Clark, diary, 20 April 1938, Saltwood
44. Letter to Janet Stone, 31 December 1976, Bodleian Library
45. Interview with Colette Clark
46. Letter from Julie Kavanagh to Meryle Secrest, 23 October 1989, I Tatti
47. Colin Clark, Younger Brother, Younger Son, p.13
Chapter 13: Running the Gallery
1. Connolly, A Romantic Friendship: The Letters of Cyril Connolly to Noel Blakiston, p.134
2. The so-called Titian Gloria; letter to A.L. Nicholson, 3 December 1935, I Tatti
3. Saumarez Smith, The National Gallery: A Short History, p.131
4. Clark’s views are well set out in ‘Ideal Picture Galleries’, The Museums Journal, Vol. XLV, No. 8, November 1945. He made exceptions for smaller museums such as the Ashmolean
5. Ibid.
6. Letter from John Pope-Hennessy to Colette Clark, 25 May 1983, private collection
7. Saumarez Smith, The National Gallery: A Short History, pp.124–5
8. Letter to Harold Isherwood Kay, 19 October 1934, Getty Research Library
9. Letter to Jane, undated, Saltwood
10. Keeper’s Bulletin to Clark, 3 November 1936, National Gallery Archives
11. Minutes, 10 May 1938, National Gallery Archives
12. Later Lord Harlech
13. Letter from David Ormsby-Gore to Clark, Tate 8812/1/3/2400
14. Minute, 17 April 1938, National Gallery Archives
15. Neil MacGregor interview for Lord Clark: Servant of Civilisation, BBC Radio 4, 3 July 2003
16. Daily Mirror, 14 May 1936
17. 17 December 1937
18. Interview with author
19. Nicholas Penny made this interesting observation. As early as 1926 Clark was writing to Mrs Berenson about photographing details (letter to Mary Berenson, 14 February 1926)
20. Letter from Sydney Cockerell to Clark, Tate 8812/1/4/4316
21. The Listener, 27 January 1939
22. Sunday Times, 22 January 1939
23. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.275
24. See Clark’s lecture, ‘The Aesthetics of Restoration’, 20 May 1938, Royal Institution
25. Letter to unknown correspondent, 10 September 1973, Tate 8812/1/4/204
26. Letter to Burlington Magazine, December 1973, Vol. CXV, No. 849
27. Minute, 11 December 1934, National Gallery Archives
28. Letter to Sir Gerald Kelly, 29 January 1935, Saltwood
29. The Times, 23 December 1936
30. See National Gallery Archives, file 268.1
31. Letter to William Gibson, 8 May 1941, National Gallery Archives. By the time he wrote his memoirs he had changed this view, and thought science was of less importance
32. See ‘Storm over Velasquez’, The Listener, 20 January 1937
33. Letter to Lord Crawford, 3 August 1936, Crawford Papers, National Library of Scotland
34. Letter to Jane, 24 November 1936 (crossed out, and erroneously replaced with ‘1937’), Saltwood
35. Ibid., 25 November
36. Lecture on ‘Collecting’, 11 June 1980, Paris, Tate 8812/2/2/206
37. See Clark, ‘Sir William Burrell: A Personal Reminiscence’, Tate 8812/2/2/158. Also letter from Clark to Sir William Burrell, Tate 8812/1/3/550–600
38. Letter from Gulbenkian to Clark, 10 April 1936, Tate 8812/1/4/163a
39. Letter to Samuel Courtauld, 29 June 1936, National Gallery Archives
40. Letter to The Times, 31 July 1936, published 5 August 1936
42. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.231
43. Letter to Gulbenkian, 7 February 1939, Tate 8812/1/4/163a
44. Letter from Gulbenkian to Clark, 10 January 1939, Tate 8812/1/4/163a
45. Letter to Gulbenkian, 11 August 1937, Tate 8812/1/4/163a
46. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.232
47. Letter to Lord Balniel, 10 August 1939, Crawford Papers, National Library of Scotland
48. Letter to Gulbenkian, 9 March 1939, Tate 8812/1/4/163a
49. Ibid., 6 June 1939
50. Letter from Gulbenkian to Clark, 3 June 1939, Tate 8812/1/4/163a
51. Letter from Lord Crawford to Clark, October 1939, Crawford Papers, National Library of Scotland
52. Letter to Lord Crawford, 27 July 1939, Crawford Papers, National Library of Scotland
53. Sent to Ben Nicolson, 5 May 1953, Burlington Magazine Archive
54. Geddes Poole, Stewards of the Nation’s Art, p.287. Jane Clark’s diary records, ‘PM’s secretary telephoned K re Duveen trusteeship,’ 19 January 1938, Saltwood
55. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.266
56. For anyone interested in Clark’s position in this matter see his undated ‘Report on the Relations of the National Gallery and the Tate Gallery’, Tate 8812/1/4/244
57. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.233
58. C. Frank Stoop was one of the first British collectors of Picasso
59. Letter to Jane, undated, c.1935, Saltwood
60. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.235
61. Ibid., p.234
62. Rothenstein, Brave Day, Hideous Night, p.8
63. Rothenstein, Time’s Thievish Progress: Autobiography Vol. III, p.47
64. Ibid., p.18
65. Diary, 1936–1939, Crawford Papers, National Library of Scotland
Chapter 14: Lecturing and Leonardo
1. Times Literary Supplement, No. 1745, 11 July 1935
2. This was not in fact first realised by Clark, but by Giovanni Morelli and others in the nineteenth century
3. Letter to John Pope-Hennessy, Tate 8812/1/5/2556
4. See letter to Berenson, 27 June 1939, for his less enthusiastic second view, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, pp.212–13
5. Tate 8812, Press cuttings
6. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.242
7. Ibid., p.243
8. Manuscript for lecture on ‘Collecting’ delivered in Paris, 11 June 1980, Tate 8812/2/2/206
9. Attributed to the circle of Giusto Le Court, a Flemish sculptor working in Venice and influenced by Bernini