Kenneth Clark
Page 61
63. Interview with author
64. Her books, inscribed by Clark from 1967 onwards, are in the Delon Archive
65. Letter to Janet Stone, 6 September 1961, Bodleian Library
66. Civilisation, episode 13, Heroic Materialism, p.344
67. Interview with author
68. BBC, 13 September 1976
69. Tate 8812/2/2/1130; and BBC, 12 September 1976, British Library National Sound Archive
70. Letter to Janet Stone, 8 July 1957, Bodleian Library
71. Clark, The Other Half, p.108
72. Ibid.
73. ‘Walter Pater’, in Moments of Vision, p.139
74. See address at St James’s Piccadilly, 19 March 1975, Tate 8812/2/2/905
75. Letter to Janet Stone, December 1971, Bodleian Library
76. Letter, 1 May 1972, Tate 8812/1/4/397
77. Letter to Rev William Baddeley, 1 January 1975, Tate 8812/1/4/393
78. Letter to Janet Stone, 11 August 1960, Bodleian Library
79. Letter to Janet Stone, 16 February 1958, Bodleian Library
80. Hardy and Pottle (eds), Isaiah Berlin, Building: Letters 1960–1975, p.431. Letter from Berlin to Nicolas Nabokov
81. Speech, ‘Labour Art’, 13 June 1962, Tate 8812/2/2/53
82. Letter to Janet Stone, 17 June 1970, Bodleian Library
Chapter 30: Public Man: The 1960s
1. Letter to Janet Stone, 31 December 1959, Bodleian Library
2. Letter to Janet Stone, 16 April 1966, Bodleian Library. Clark’s committees did not abate in the 1960s, during which he added the Advisory Panel of the V&A and the board of the Scottish National Gallery to the roster. In 1965 Rupert Hart-Davis offered him the presidency of the London Library, of which he was not a member at the time, but he accepted
3. Letter to Janet Stone, 6 November 1960, Bodleian Library
4. Walker, Self-Portrait with Donors: Confessions of an Art Collector, p.292
5. Letter to Janet Stone, 23 November 1959, Bodleian Library
6. BBC Radio 4, The World at One, 12 January 1978, British Library National Sound Archive, Disc 198
7. Colin Clark, Younger Brother, Younger Son, p.171
8. Clark, ‘Aesthete’s Progress’, John Murray Archive. This was probably the exhibition of Peggy Guggenheim’s collection of the artist at the Correr Museum in July/August 1950. Her own museum opened the following year
9. See Bow Dialogue, 14 October 1975, British Library National Sound Archive. A Pollock painting even makes a brief appearance in Civilisation – see episode 11, The Worship of Nature
10. Ibid.
11. Kenneth Clark, Moments of Vision: In Honour of the Centenary of His Birth, 1903–1983, p.49, ‘Iconophobia’
12. Interview with John Hubbard
13. Letter to Sir Murray Porter, 21 July 1975, Tate 8812/1/3/2727
14. Michael Gill, unpublished notes for autobiography, John Murray Archive
15. Letter to Meryle Secrest, 28 August 1970, I Tatti
16. Letter from Jane Clark to Margery and David Finley, April 1964, David Finley Papers, NGA Washington, 28A1 Box 4. I am grateful to John-Paul Stonard for pointing out this letter
17. Kenneth Clark, Moments of Vision: In Honour of the Centenary of His Birth, 1903–1983, ‘The Blot and the Diagram’
18. Letter from John Russell to Clark, 22 December 1962, Tate 8812/1/3/2769
19. Letter to Myron Gilmore, 7 October 1970, Tate 8812/1/4/198. See also Partridge, Ups and Downs: Diaries (entry for 20 February 1963), where she records a discussion about the article with Raymond Mortimer, who was impressed by it. She was not
20. Tate 8812/2/2759
21. Letter from Sir William Emrys Williams to Clark, 5 February 1964, Tate 8812/1/4/239
22. ‘A Failure of Nerve: Italian Painting 1520–1535’, H.R. Bickley Memorial Lecture, Oxford 1967
23. Speech, 8 March 1965, Tate 8812/1/4/293
24. Letter to Raymond Mortimer, 27 October 1950, Tate 8812/1/2/4487
25. Clark had in fact been invited to join the PR committee of a nascent National Theatre in 1937, and had tried to establish a National Theatre at the outbreak of war as a rallying symbol. See Elsom and Tomalin (eds), The History of the National Theatre, p.168
26. Letter to Lord Chandos, 26 July 1960, Tate 8812/1/4/292
27. Letter to Kenneth Rae, 1 September 1960, Tate 8812/1/4/292
28. Letter to Olivier, 5 October 1960, Tate 8812/1/4/292. O’Rorke had been on the case throughout the 1950s, but his role was superseded shortly afterwards
29. Letter to Janet Stone, 26 July 1960, Bodleian Library
30. Letter to Prince Littler, 25 August 1960, Tate 8812/1/4/292
31. Letter to Olivier, 29 October 1960, Tate 8812/1/4/292
32. Ibid.
33. Letter from Oliver Chandos to Clark, 2 December 1960, Tate 8812/1/4/292
34. Letter to Olivier, 14 December 1960, Tate 8812/1/4/292
35. The crucial influence was Sir Isaac Hayward, leader of the London County Council
36. Letter to Janet Stone, 7 August 1962, Bodleian Library
37. Jennie Lee, later Lady Lee of Asheridge (1904–88), was appointed the first Minister of the Arts 1964–1970
38. Lewis, The National, p.35
39. Interview with author
40. Letter to Sir Ashley Clarke, 9 August 1966, Tate 8812/1/4/122–127
41. Letter to Janet Stone, 6 August 1965, Bodleian Library
42. Daniel Rosenthal, The National Theatre Story, p.89
43. Letter to Olivier, July 1966, Tate 8812/1/4/292
44. Letter from Chandos to Clark, 29 July 1966, Tate 8812/1/4/292
45. Letter to Chandos, 3 August 1966, Tate 8812/1/4/292
46. Lewis, The National, p.35
47. Letter to Janet Stone, 5 May 1967, Bodleian Library
48. Letter to Kenneth Rae, 29 February 1968, Tate 8812/1/4/292
49. Letter to Janet Stone, 12 February 1968, Bodleian Library
50. Clark would occasionally intervene over purchases such as a Byzantine steatite relief carving in the style of an ivory, the authenticity of which worried him. See letter to R.L.S. Bruce-Milford, 11 July 1972, Tate 8812/1/4/228
51. Letter from John Pope-Hennessy to Colette Clark, 25 May 1983, private collection
52. Letter to Basil Gray, 19 February 1964, Tate 8812/1/4/227
53. Letter to Janet Stone, 9 February 1964, Bodleian Library
54. Letter to Lord Eccles, 17 October 1969, Tate 8812/1/4/226
55. See ‘Trustees Policy on Acquisitions’ paper, Tate 8812/1/4/226
56. Speech to NACF, 14 June 1967, Tate 8812/2/2/670
57. Letter to Bentley Bridgewater, 31 March 1970, Tate 8812/1/4/228
58. Letter to Thomas Bodkin, 3 September 1943, Tate 8812/1/1/17
Chapter 31: Civilisation: The Background
1. Interview with author
2. Civilisation DVD extra
3. Interview with author
4. Clark, The Other Half, p.210
5. Clark, ‘Looking for Civilisation’, lecture, Tate 8812/2/2/174
6. Letter from Humphrey Burton to Clark, 6 October 1966, Tate 8812/1/4/89
7. Letter to David Attenborough, 6 October 1966, Tate 8812/1/4/90
8. Clark, notebook, Tate 8812/2/1/11
9. Letter to Janet Stone, 2 October 1966, Bodleian Library
10. Clark, notebook, Tate 8812/2/1/11
11. Letter to Humphrey Burton, 8 December 1966, Tate 8812/1/4/90
12. Letter from Humphrey Burton to Clark, 28 November 1966, Tate 8812/1/4/89
13. Civilisation DVD extra
14. Interview with author
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Letter to Janet Stone, 22 November 1966, Bodleian Library
18. Michael Gill, unpublished notes for autobiography, p.7, John Murray Archive. In fact, as his son Adrian believes, ‘Michael Gill’s career was in a difficult place when Civilisation came along. He had just made Three Swings of the Pe
ndulum which was pretty bad.’ Interview with author
19. Letter to Humphrey Burton, undated, Tate 8812/1/4/90
20. Michael Gill, unpublished notes for autobiography, pp.11–12, John Murray Archive
21. Colin Clark, Younger Brother, Younger Son, p.31
22. Letter to Janet Stone, 16 April 1967, Bodleian Library
23. Letter to Charles Wrightsman, 21 October 1969, Tate 8812/1/4/14a. Peter Montagnon had been involved in the infamous Berlin tunnel in his secret service days. He now lives in the south of France
24. Clark, The Other Half, p.211
25. Ibid., p.213
26. Ibid.
27. Interview with author
28. Ibid.
29. The contract file is at the BBC Archive, Caversham T53/175/1, or Tate 8812/1/4/55
30. See letter from David Attenborough to Clark, 21 October 1970, Tate 8812/1/4/88
31. Civilisation DVD extra
32. Interview with author
33. Ibid.
34. ‘Looking for Civilisation’, Tate 8812/2/2/174
35. British Library Sound Archive
36. Letter to Janet Stone, 6 November 1966, Bodleian Library
37. Undated interview with Clark, John Murray Archive
38. The clipboards throughout the production read ‘Western Civilisation’
Chapter 32: The Making of Civilisation
1. BBC, British Library National Sound Archive, Disc 199
2. Interview with Meryle Secrest, 24 March 1969, Washington Post, Tate 8812, Press cuttings
3. Michael Gill, unpublished notes for autobiography, pp.3 and 9, John Murray Archive
4. Letter to Janet Stone, 11 May 1967, Bodleian Library. Lily of the valley was Clark’s favourite flower
5. Letter to Janet Stone, 30 April 1967, Bodleian Library
6. Clark, Civilisation (book of the series), Introduction, p.xvii
7. BBC Radio 4, Archive on 4: Seeing Through the Tweed, broadcast 28 November 2009
8. Letter to Janet Stone, 21 July 1967, Bodleian Library
9. Radio Times, 8 December 1970, Tate 8812/1/4/88
10. BBC Radio 4, Archive on 4: Seeing Through the Tweed, broadcast 28 November 2009
11. Interview with author
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Letter to Janet Stone, 5 March 1968, Bodleian Library. The convoy consisted of two Commer vans, two station wagons and a Land Rover, plus crew cars
15. Letter to Jock Murray, 10 May 1967, John Murray Archive
16. Interview with author
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Letter to Carol Jones, 19 January 1968, Tate 8812/1/4/90
23. Interview with author
24. Letter to Nicky Mariano, 16 March 1967, Tate 8812/1/4/198
25. Interview with author
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. Interview with Adrian Gill
29. Letter to Charles Wrightsman, 21 October 1969, Tate 8812/1/4/14a
30. Interview with author
31. Letter to Charles Wrightsman, 21 October 1969, Tate 8812/1/4/14a
32. Michael Gill, unpublished notes for autobiography, p.3, John Murray Archive
33. Ibid., p.10
34. Letter to Janet Stone, 1 March 1968, Bodleian Library
35. Interview with author
36. Interview in John Wyver’s film K: Kenneth Clark 1903–1983, 1993
37. Letter to Janet Stone, 13 August 1967, Bodleian Library
38. Interview with author
39. Ibid.
40. Letter from Michael Gill to Clark, 26 October 1967, Tate 8812/1/4/90
41. Letter to Mary Potter, 16 February 1968, Potter Archive
42. Interview with author
43. Civilisation DVD extra
44. Ibid.
45. Interview with author
46. Today he thinks it was a good idea – interview with author
47. Letter to Charles Wrightsman, 21 October 1969, Tate 8812/1/4/14a
48. Letter to Janet Stone, September 1968, Bodleian Library
49. Letter to Janet Stone, 19 August 1968, Bodleian Library
50. Interview with author
51. Letter to Janet Stone, 25 February 1968, Bodleian Library
52. Letter to Janet Stone, 13 October 1968, Bodleian Library
53. Clark, The Other Half, p.222
54. Interview with author
55. Clark, The Other Half, p.222
56. Letter to David Attenborough, 5 October [1968?], Saltwood
57. Letter from Michael Gill to Clark, 26 October 1967, Tate 8812/1/4/90
Chapter 33: Civilisation and its Discontents
1. Letter from Clark to Mme Auerbacher-Weil, 7 0ctober 1970, Tate 8812/1/4/356
2. Civilisation DVD extra
3. ‘For a Million Noblemen’, The Listener, 15 January 1970, pp.90–1
4. Michelet’s History of France, Tawney’s Religion and the Rise of Capitalism, and Ranke’s History of the Popes
5. Letter to Janet Stone, 28 January 1968, Bodleian Library
6. At Clark’s memorial service; published in Apollo, January 1984
7. Letter to Janet Stone, 14 January 1968, Bodleian Library
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Lecture, ‘Apologia of an Art Historian’, 1950
11. Ibid.
12. Review reprinted as ‘On Dover Beach’ in The Seventies, 1980
13. Included in E.M. Forster, Two Cheers for Democracy, p.77
14. Partridge, Good Company: Diaries, p.199 (entry for 20 May 1969)
15. Interview with author
16. Walker, Arts TV: A History of Arts Television in Britain, p.3
17. Postcard to Colin Anderson, 21 May 1969, private collection
18. The Times, 17 May 1969, and Sunday Times, 25 May 1969
19. Observer, 30 November 1969
20. ‘Poor B.B.’, The Listener, 20 March 1969
21. New Statesman, 19 February 1971, p.251
22. Letter to A.J.D. Eton, 6 September 1973, Tate 8812/1/4/91
23. BBC Radio 4, Lord Clark: Servant of Civilisation, presented by Miranda Carter, produced by Thomas Morris, broadcast 3 July 2003
24. Letter to Huw Wheldon, 4 June 1969, Tate 8812/1/4/89. Father Martin D’Arcy was a fashionable Jesuit priest who converted many high-profile people
25. Letter to Janet Stone, 23 March 1969, Bodleian Library
26. Letter from Betjeman to Clark, 3[?] February 1969, Tate 8812/1/4/98a
27. Drummond, Tainted by Experience, pp.181–2
28. Letter from Bryan Magee to Clark, 2 January 1970, Tate 8812/1/4/356
29. Letter to Janet Stone, 10 January 1970, Bodleian Library
30. Letter from David Knowles to Clark, 6 January 1970, I Tatti
31. Letter to Professor North, 1 March 1977, Tate 8812/1/4/386
32. BBC Radio 4, Archive on 4: Seeing Through the Tweed, presented by Richard Weight, broadcast 28 November 2009
33. Vickers (ed.), Beaton in the Sixties, p.384
34. Clark’s draft for the Introduction to the Spanish edition of Civilisation, Tate 8812/1/4/287
35. Letter from Sir Donald Hopson to Clark, 25 July 1972, Tate 8812/1/4/91
36. Letter to Sir Donald Hopson, 4 August 1972, Tate 8812/1/4/91
37. Clark was echoing a passage in which Ruskin contrasts Dürer’s portrait of Erasmus with that by Holbein
38. BBC Radio 4, Lord Clark: Servant of Civilisation, presented by Miranda Carter, produced by Thomas Morris, broadcast 3 July 2003
39. David Cannadine, ‘Kenneth Clark: From the National Gallery to National Icon’, Linbury Lecture, National Gallery 2002, pp.17–18
40. Letter to Michael Kitson, 4 March 1969, Tate 8812/1/4/98a
41. Sunday Times, 8 July 1973
42. Sunday Times, 16 September 1984
43. BBC Radio 4, Archive
on 4: Seeing Through the Tweed, presented by Richard Weight, broadcast 28 November 2009
44. Interview with author
45. Ibid.
Chapter 34: Apotheosis: Lord Clark of Civilisation
1. Clark, The Other Half, p.244
2. Briggs, The BBC: The First Fifty Years, p.339
3. Information from Colette Clark
4. Interview with author
5. Letter from Clark to John Lappin, 29 December 1970, Tate 8812/1/4/94a
6. Walker, Self-Portrait with Donors: Confessions of an Art Collector, pp.285–7
7. By way of explanation Clark wrote Charles Wrightsman a fascinating letter about the series and its production, 21 October 1969, Tate 8812/1/4/14a
8. The full story of the race between New York and Washington is told in Harris, Capital Culture: J. Carter Brown, the National Gallery of Art, and the Reinvention of the Museum Experience, pp.180–3
9. Letter from Charles Wrightsman to Clark, 5 November 1969, Tate 8812/1/4/14a
10. Harris, Capital Culture, p.183
11. Cannadine, The Undivided Past, chapter on Civilisation
12. Letter from James M. Hester to Peter Robeck, 15 January 1970, Tate 8812/1/4/14b
13. Clark, The Other Half, p.225
14. Ibid., pp.245–6
15. Ibid., p.225
16. Interview with author
17. Clark described the discussion in a speech at York University, July 1970, Tate 8812/2/2/1145
18. Letter to Stephen Hearst, 3 March 1970, Tate 8812/1/4/56a
19. Colin Clark, Younger Brother, Younger Son, p.149
20. Letter to David Attenborough, 9 March 1970, Tate 8812/1/4/55; letter to Pat Outram, 10 March 1970, Tate 8812/1/4/55
21. Letter to Janet Stone, 24 August 1970, Bodleian Library
22. Letter to David Attenborough, 28 October 1970, Tate 8812/1/4/88
23. Letter to Prof R.W.B Lewis, 4 January 1971, Tate 8812/1/3/3401–3450
24. Letter to Janet Stone, 16 February 1969, Bodleian Library
25. Clark was asked by his publisher John Murray to sign a letter of release from the BBC – his original contract obliged him to pay the BBC 25 per cent of his receipts if the book was published by anybody else
26. Letter from Michael Gill to Clark, 24 August 1969, Tate 8812/1/4/87
27. A note in the John Murray Archive dated 25 June 1981 reveals sales to be 532,016 in the UK and 1,561,799 in the USA
28. Letter to Janet Stone, 11 April 1975, Bodleian Library
29. Interview with Peter Quennell, Saturday Review, 28 August 1971, p.31
30. Letter to André de Vilmorin, 29 May 1972, Tate 8812/1/4/93