Global Crisis

by Parker, Geoffrey

Zhang Zhongli [Chang Chung-li], The Chinese gentry: Studies on their role in nineteenth-century Chinese society (Seattle, 1955)

  Zhang, Z., H. Tian, B. Cazelles, K. L. Kausrud, A. Bräuning, F. Guo and N. C. Stenseth, ‘Periodic climate cooling enhanced natural disasters and wars in China during AD 10–1900’, Proceedings of the Royal Society, B, LXXXIX (2010), 1–9

  Zhihong, Shi, ‘The development and underdevelopment of agriculture during the early Qing period (1644–1840)’, in Hayami and Tsubouchi, eds, Economic and demographic developments, 69–88

  Zilfi, M., ‘The Kadizadelis: discordant revivalism in seventeenth-century Istanbul’, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, XLV (1986), 251–69

  Zilfi, M., The politics of piety: The Ottoman Ulema in the post-classical age (Minneapolis, 1988)

  Zysberg, A., ‘Galley and hard labor convicts in France (1550–1850)’, in P. Spierenburg, ed., The emergence of carceral institutions: Prisons, galleys and lunatic asylums 1550–1900 (Rotterdam, 1984), 78–124

  Index

  Abaza Hasan (i), (ii)

  Abbas I, shah of Iran (i), (ii) n 39

  Abbas II, shah of Iran (i), (ii), (iii)

  Abjat (i)

  Abortion (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii) n 56, (ix) n 13, (x) n 20, see also Births, Contraception, Foundlings, Illegitimacy, Infanticide

  Abruzzi (i)

  Absolutism (i), (ii), (iii)

  Academic journals (i)

  Academies (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii) n 48, see also Donglin, Fu She, Royal Society

  Acapulco (i)

  Acheh (i), (ii)

  Actors, actresses, see Theatre

  Adamson, John (i), (ii), (iii)

  Adshead, Samuel (i)

  Aegean Sea (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Afghanistan (i)

  Africa (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), Figs. 43, 44, 45, 46

  Agra (i), (ii)

  Ágreda, Sor Maria de Jesús de (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Agriculture (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), Fig. 5

  Ahmadabad (i)

  Ahmed I, Ottoman Sultan (i), (ii), (iii)

  Ahmed Pasha (i)

  Ai Nanying (i)

  van Aitzema, Lieuwe (i), (ii)

  Aizu (i), (ii)

  Alcina, Francesco de (i)

  Alcohol (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Aldeanueva de Ebro (i)

  Aleppo (i), (ii)

  Alesi, Giuseppe d’ (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Alexander the Great (i), (ii)

  Alexei, Tsar of Russia (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)

  Algonquins, see Hurons, Pequots

  Allen, Robert C. (i)

  Alps (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Alsace (i)

  Alte Veste (near Nuremberg) (i)

  Althusius, Johannes (i), (ii)

  Amakusa Shirō (i)

  Amboina (i)

  Ambuila (i)

  America (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix), (l), (li), (lii), (liii), (liv), (lv), (lvi), (lvii), (lviii), (lix), (lx), (lxi), (lxii), (lxiii), (lxiv), (lxv), (lxvi), (lxvii), (lxviii), (lxix), (lxx), (lxxi), Plate 19, Fig. 42

  Amsterdam (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), Plate 26

  Amur, river (i)

  Anatolia (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), Fig. 21

  Andalusia (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), Figs. 11, 28

  Andreä, Johan Valentin (i)

  Andrea, Vincenzo d' (i), (ii), (iii)

  Andros, Sir Edmund (i)

  Andrusovo, Truce of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) n 83, Fig. 19

  Angier, Elizabeth (i), (ii)

  Anglo-Dutch Wars (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Angola (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), Fig. 44

  Anhui (i)

  Anne of Austria, queen regent of France (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Annese, Gennaro (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Anti-war sentiment (i)

  Antigua (i)

  Antrim, Randall MacDonnell, marquis of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Appalachians (i), (ii), (iii)

  Appleby, Andrew (i)

  Apprentices (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)

  Aquitaine (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Arabia (i), (ii)

  Aragon (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)

  Archie the Fool, see Armstrong, Archibald

  Arcos, Rodrigo Ponce de León, duke of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Ardales (i)

  Arequipa (i)

  Argentina (i), (ii), (iii)

  Argyll, Archibald Campbell earl and marquis of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Aristocracy (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix), (l) n 43, (li) n 54, (lii) n 7

  Arkansas, river (i)

  Armagh, County (i)

  Armies, see Soldiers

  Arminians (i), (ii)

  Arminius, Jacob (i)

  Armstrong, Archibald (‘Archie the Fool’), (i), (ii), (iii)

  Arnauld, Angélique (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Arnauld, Antoine (i)

  Arnauld d'Andilly, Robert (i), (ii)

  Arpaja, Francesco (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Arson, see Fires

  Asai Ryōi (i), (ii), (iii)

  Ashmole, Elias (i)

  Aston, John (i)

  Atlantic Ocean (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), Figs. 42 and 46

  Aubrey, John (i), (ii) n 16

  Augsburg (i), (ii), (iii)

  Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor of India (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)

  Auria, Vincenzo (i), (ii), (iii) n 64

  Australia (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Austria (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx),

  546, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Austria, Don Juan of (i), (ii), (iii)

  Avraamii (i), (ii), (iii)

  Ayamonte, Francisco Manuel Silvestre de Guzmán y Zúñiga, marquis of (i), (ii), (iii) n 86

  Azores (i), (ii)

  Azov (i), (ii), (iii)

  Bacharach, Naphtali ben Jacob (i)

  Bacon, Francis, Viscount St Albans (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi) n 22

  Bacon, Nathanael (i), (ii), (iii)

  Bahía (i), (ii), (iii)

  Baillie, Robert (i), (ii)

  Baily, Charles (i)

  Bainbridge, John (i)

  Balde, Jacob 602, Plate (i)

  Balfour, Sir James (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Balkans (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), Fig. 21

  Balkh (i)

&nbs
p; Le Balp, Sébastien (i)

  Balthasar Carlos, Crown Prince of Spain (i), (ii)

  Baltic (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)

  Bamberg (i)

  Banda Islands (i)

  Baptisms, see Births

  Barbados (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)

  Barbon, Nicholas (i)

  Barbot, Jean (i), (ii)

  Barcelona (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), Fig. 12

  Barley, see Cereals

  Baronius, Francesco (i)

  Basel (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Bashō Matsuo (i)

  Basing House (i)

  Bass, Thomas (i)

  Bassadonna, Pietro (i)

  Bastwick, John (i)

  Batavia (Jakarta) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) n 2

  Batencourt, Jacques de (i)

  Bavaria (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)

  Baxter, Richard (i)

  Beauvaisis (i)

  Bedford, Francis Russell earl of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Beer (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Beijing (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv)

  Beik, William (i)

  Belarus (i), (ii)

  Belgorod (i), (ii), (iii)

  Belgorod Line (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), Fig. 19

  Belgrade (i)

  Belle-Île (i)

  Bellièvre, Pomponne de (i)

  Benedict, Philip (i)

  Bengal (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Bentley, William (i)

  Berenguer, Eufràsia (i)

  Bergen-op-Zoom (i)

  Berkeley, Sir William (i), (ii), (iii)

  Berkshire (i), (ii), Fig. 13

  Bermuda (i), (ii)

  Bern (i), (ii)

  Bernier, François (i)

  Berry, Mary Elizabeth (i), (ii)

  Berwick, Pacification of (i), (ii)

  Biafra (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Bianco, Francesco (i)

  Biaojia Qi (i)

  Bible (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii) n 37

  Bijapur (i)

  Bílá Hora, see White Mountain

  Bilbao (i)

  Birago Avogadro, Giovanni Battista (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Births (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), Figs. 14, 15, 27, 29, 40, see also Abortion, Contraception, Foundlings, Illegitimacy, Infanticide

  Bisaccione, Majolino (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Biscay, see Vizcaya

  Bitola (i)

  Black Sea (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Bloch, Marc (i)

  Bohemia (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii) n 37, Plate 13

  Bohorques Girón, Pedro (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Boix y Moliner, Miguel Marcelino (i)

  Bolitho, Harold (i)

  Bonde, Gustav (i)

  Bondi, Hermann (i)

  Bone (i)

  Book of Common Prayer (i), (ii), (iii)

  Bordeaux (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)

  Borneo (i), see also Indonesia

  Bosporus (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Bossuet, Jean-Bénigne (i), (ii) n 43, (iii) n 76

  Boston (Lincolnshire) (i)

  Boston (Massachusetts) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

  Botero, Giovanni (i)

  Bouillon, Frédéric-Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne, duke of (i)

  Boyle, Robert (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Brabant (i), (ii)

  Bradstreet, Anne (i)

  Bragança, Duke John of, see John IV, king of Portugal

  Brandenburg (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

  Brattle, Thomas (i)

  Braudel, Fernand (i)

  Bray, Francesca (i)

  Brazil (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv)

  Bread, see Cereals

  Brecke, Peter (i),

  Breda (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Breda, Declaration of (i)

  Breisach (i), (ii), (iii)

  Breitenfeld, battle of (i)

  Bremen (i)

  Briffa, Keith (i)

  Brinton, Crane (i), (ii)

  Britain, see Great Britain

  Brittany (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Brokaw, Cynthia (i), (ii)

  Brook, Timothy (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Broussel, Pierre (i), (ii), (iii) n 49

  Brown, Edward (i)

  Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duke Augustus of (i), (ii)

  Brussels (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

  Buckingham, George Villiers duke of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii) n 66

  Buddhists (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi) n 65, (xii) nn 12–13

  Buenos Aires (i)

  Bunyan, John (i), (ii)

  Burgos (i)

  Burgundy (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Burke, Edmund (i)

  Burma (i), (ii)

  Burton, Henry (i)

  Burton, Robert (i), (ii), (iii)

  Burton-on-Trent (i)

  Butler, Samuel (i), (ii) n 61

  Butts, Henry (i)

  Bygdeå (i), (ii)

  Byron, George Gordon, Lord (i)

  Cade, Jack (i),

  Cádiz (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)

  Caen (i), (ii)

  Cahiers de doléances (i), (ii)

  Cairo (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Calabria (i), (ii)

  Calculus (i), (ii) n 48

  Caldera de Heredía, Gaspar (i)

  Calderón de la Barca, Pedro (i), (ii) n 6

  Calderwood, David (i)

  Callao (i)

  Callot, Jacques (i), (ii)

  Caltabellotta (i), (ii)

  Calvin, John (i), (ii)

  Calw (i)

  Cambodia (i)

  Cambridge (Massachusetts) (i)

  Cambridge University (England) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)

  Cambridgeshire (i)

  Cambrils (i), (ii), (iii)

  Cameroon Highlands (i)

  Campbell, Bruce (i), (ii)

  Canada (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Cane, Scott (i)

  Cannibalism (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) n 34

  Canton (Guangzhou) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Capaccio, Giulio Cesare (i)

  Cape of Good Hope (i)

  Cape Horn (i)

  Carafa, Don Giuseppe Plate (i)

  Carlisle, Lucy countess of (i)

  Carlos II, king of Spain (Carlos I of Portugal) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Carlowitz (i)

  Carlton, Charles (i)

  Carolus, Johan (i)

  Cartagena (i)

  Carter, Ann (i)

  Cary, Mary (i)

  Casale (i), (ii)

  Caspian Sea (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Cassini, Giandomenico (i), (ii) n 73

  Castile (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix),
(xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), Fig. 29

  Castronuovo (i)

  Catalonia (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix) n 24, Figs 12, 26

  Catania (i)

  Catholics, Roman (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix)

  Caucasus (i), (ii) n 18

  Cavendish, William, see Newcastle, marquis of

  Cefalù (i)

  Çelebi, Evliyā (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Çelebi, Kâtib (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

  Censorship (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii) n 36

  Cereals (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix), (l), (li), (lii), (liii), (liv), (lv), (lvi), (lvii), (lviii), (lix), (lx), (lxi)

  Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de (i), (ii)

  Ceuta (i), (ii)

  Ceylon (Sri Lanka) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Chad, Lake (i), (ii), Fig. 45

  Chambonneau, Louis Moheau de (i)

  Champaigne, Philippe de (i)

  Champlain, Samuel de (i)

  Channel Isles (i)

  Chardin, Jean (i), (ii)

  Charity (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii)

  Charles I, king of Great Britain (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii) n 66, (xlviii) n 39, (xlix) nn 8–9, Plate 3

  Charles II, king of Great Britain (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi)

  Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Charles IX, king of Sweden, (i)

  Charles X Gustav, king of Sweden (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Charles XII, king of Sweden (i), (ii)

  Charles, king of Spain, see Carlos II